Exceptional service in the national interest

March 2015

LABSACCOMPLISHMENTS

Page 2 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia National LaboratoriesSandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated bySandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp.,for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration.

http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews

Albuquerque, N.M. 87185 • Livermore, Calif. 94550Tonopah, Nevada • Nevada Test Site • Amarillo, Texas

Carlsbad, New Mexico • Washington, D.C.

Bill Murphy • Lab News EditorMichael Lanigan • Labs Accomplishments Design & Production

Cover photographs by Randy Montoya

To all Sandians:

Welcome to the 2015 edition of the Labs Accomplishments, a compilation of some ofthe best work we have done at the Laboratories over the past year. As you lookthrough this year’s accomplishments, I’m sure you’ll share the pride I feel in beingpart of an organization that serves the nation across such a wide swath of complex

technical challenges.

Impressive as this list of accomplishments is, it is by nomeans a comprehensive picture; it would take hun-dreds of pages just to summarize our work over thepast year, and even then would be incomplete becauseit wouldn’t address some our most important accom-plishments, sensitive work that cannot be shared in anopen publication.

In our 2014-2018 Strategic Plan, our Laboratories Lead-ership Team noted, “Our unique mission responsibili-ties in the nuclear weapons program create a founda-tion from which we leverage capabilities, enabling usto solve complex national security problems.” This col-lection of accomplishments vividly demonstrates thatthe ideals expressed in our mission statement are real-ized every day in our laboratories, our offices, and our

test facilities across all of our sites.

On the wall of my office I have a small framed print of the words President John F.Kennedy spoke at Rice University in 1962: “We choose to go to the moon in thisdecade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.”

I think of those words often because they remind me of what we do here at Sandia —the nation asks us to do the hard things, to take on the daunting challenges we areuniquely qualified to address.

Our eight mission areas are amply represented here: We are making importantprogress in our core nuclear weapons mission and are instrumental in providing pol-icy makers with technical assessments of existing and emerging nuclear threats. Ourresearchers are at the forefront of efforts to foster nonproliferation and reduce globalnuclear dangers, and we are supporting our warfighting capabilities with innovativetechnologies. In the increasingly important arena of cyberspace, our experts are seenas leaders in developing the tools and technologies to defend and protect ournation’s vital cyber infrastructure. In a world where technical challenges honor nonational boundaries, our people are in the vanguard of addressing global chemicaland biological dangers and securing a safe and sustainable energy future.

Finally, as you consider these accomplishments, I ask you to think about the peoplebehind them. These are, by and large, team accomplishments, realized by a diverseworkforce working with the best tools and resources the nation can provide.

It has been my greatest privilege during my tenure as Laboratories director to sharethese accomplishments with our customers in Washington and elsewhere, to say,“This is what it means to provide exceptional service in the national interest.”

— Paul Hommert, Sandia President and Laboratories Director

Ryan Schultz adjusts amicrophone foran acoustic test on a B61-12system. The unit issurrounded by banksof speakers that exposeit to an acoustic field.The sound pressure reaches131 decibels, similar to ajet engine.

Sean Kearney studiesjet flames with laserdiagnostics to maketemperature and sootmeasurements of the heatreleased from a fire onto aweapon system.

PAUL HOMMERT

Today, Sandia faces new challenges resulting from the totality of our work. Sandia isengaged in the significant demands of the nation’s nuclear weapons modernization pro-gram while continuing to conduct an extraordinary range of activities in broader nationalsecurity areas. More than ever, we must effectively manage the Laboratories’ capabilitiesand mission commitments to strengthen the core mission work while simultaneouslycontinuing to advance our other missions. We developed a new Laboratories frameworkto capture the entirety of our work while positioning the Laboratories to evolve and bringgreater stability to our broad national security role. The new Laboratories framework,shown above, provides a basis for describing Sandia’s mission and capability space and forprioritizing the work of the Laboratories. Three key characteristics — synergy with nuclearweapons capabilities, national security impact, and strategic value to the nation to ensureSandia’s enduring impact — were used to identify seven integrated missions, in additionto the nuclear weapons core mission. Together, all eight mission areas are supported by arobust foundation (see below) that enables Sandia’s success as a sustainable 21st century,broad-spectrum national security laboratory. — From Sandia’s 2014 - 2018 Strategic Plan

Laboratories Framework

Nuclear weapons engineering . . . . . 3, 4

Nuclear weapon security . . . . . . . . . 5

Remote sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Product realization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Global security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

ES&H & security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Bioscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Computer & info sciences. . . . . . . . . 8

IT, networks, & facilities . . . . . . . . . 9

Partnerships & alliances . . . . . . . . . 9

Military programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Supply chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Pulsed power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Engineering sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Microelectronics & microsystems . . . 11

Homeland security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 13

Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

HR, communications, finance,& legal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Governance, leadership,& management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Inside . . .

Labs foundation underpins mission areasThe Laboratories’ foundation — the very base thatgives our institution its energy, meaning, anduniqueness — is composed of our people,research, facilities and tools, and capabilities. Inkeeping with our vision to be the nation’s premierscience and engineering laboratory for nationalsecurity and technology innovation, we recruitthe best and the brightest, equip them withworld-class facilities and tools, and build uponlong-standing research by advancing the frontiersof science and engineering, giving rise to uniquecapabilities that differentiate Sandia’s ability todeliver its mission.

You’ll see two sets of acronyms following most of the accomplishments in this docu-ment. The first set, following the center numbers in parentheses, indicates which of

Sandia’s program management units (PMUs) the work most directly supported. The PMUacronyms are:

• NW: Nuclear Weapons • DSA: Defense Systems & Assessments • IHNS: International,Homeland, & Nuclear Security • EC: Energy & Climate • IMS: Integrated Mission Support

* * * The second set of acronyms, in brackets, indicates in which of Sandia’s mission areas

the work was completed. Those acronyms are:

• NW: Nuclear Weapons • RGND: Reduce Global Nuclear Dangers • NAW: Nuclear Assess-ments & Warnings • Cyber: Cyberspace • SDP: Synergistic Defense Products • RGCBD:Reduce Global Chemical and Biological Dangers • SSEF: Secure and Sustainable EnergyFuture • LDI: Leveraged Defense Innovations • LF: Laboratories Foundations

This year’s Labs Accomplishments publication recognizes some of Sandia’sbest work during 2014, as submitted by center offices and selected bydivision offices. Most citations are followed by the numbers of the centersthat contributed most directly to the effort described.

Nuclear weapons engineering

With wide participation of reliability, system, surveil-lance, and component engineers, the B61-12 ReliabilityReview Panel completed its peer review of the B61-12 relia-bility model in July 2014. The review included validationand identification of improvement opportunities of thesystem model and of Sandia and Los Alamos national labo-ratories subsystem and component failure events — a criti-cal part of ensuring the B61-12 system design is capable ofachieving its required reliability. The validated model willbe used going forward over the life of the program for relia-bility assessment. (400, 2100, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2900,8200, LANL, NNSA ) NW [NW]

A cross-functional team initiated a layered defect preven-tion (LDP) strategy to improve product quality from designthrough production and acceptance. Data indicates themajority of defects originate in the requirements phase.Eliminating defects, or minimizing their impact, results inimproved end-product quality and reduced life-cycle costs.Center 400 developed a curriculum around the tools ofdefect prevention along with a general method for imple-menting layered defect prevention that is available forpartners around the Labs to launch their own high-conse-quence programs for reduction of product defects. (400,2200, 2700) NW [NW]

The Mk21 Fuze Program is developing a replacementfuze for the Mk21 reentry vehicle that contains the W87warhead. This Air Force-funded program reached an

important milestonein FY14 withapproval of the“Acquisition Pro-gram Baseline.” TheAPB formally estab-lished the program’scost, schedule, andperformance require-ments against whichfuture progress willbe measured. Thisachievement wasenabled by collabora-tion among Centers8200 (warhead inte-

gration), 2100 (fuze design), and component design groupsin Centers 2600, 5300, and 5400. (8200, 2100, 2600, 5300,5400) NW [NW]

Daily we hear of national security threats involvinginsider threat, information technologies/cyber threats, andsupply chain attacks. The Nuclear Enterprise AssuranceCenter led work on strategies and capabilities on how bestto address these threats in the context of the Nuclear Secu-rity Enterprise. This work was the basis for an Enterprise-wide program established this year by Don Cook, NNSA’sdeputy administrator for Defense Programs. His memoran-dum stated, “The underlying requirement is to design,develop, and produce all future weapons with enhancedtrust features that are resilient to subversion attempts.”(500) NW [NW]

The B61-12 Life Extension Program (LEP) implemented an Earned Value Manage-ment System (EVMS) to manage cost and schedule performance. At the cornerstone ofthe EVMS is a fully integrated, resource-loaded master schedule detailing all Sandia workscope through 2024. Sandia nuclear weapon design, business, and IT organizations part-nered to design and implement the system. More than 100 technical leads, schedulers,

and project controls analysts across the B61-12 LEP were trained to work within the EVMSand ultimately strengthened their skills and knowledge of rigorous project management.The LEP is realizing early benefits from critical-path analysis and cost and scheduleintegration. (2000, 1000, 5000, 6000, 8000, 9000, 10000) NW [NW] (Photo by Randy Montoya)

The B61-12 Program is well into the Phase 6.3 Design & Development effort. In collaboration with both internal andexternal partners, extensive system-level design and development activities were completed in FY14. These activitiesincluded a detailed series of electrical tests demonstrating functionality of the design. In addition, a number of thermal,mechanical, electromagnetic, flight, and materials compatibility activities have been completed. These efforts includecharacterization of both War Reserve (WR) and non-WR designs through physical test and modeling and simulationunder relevant normal and abnormal environments. (2000, 1000, 5000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 200, 400, 500) NW [NW]

Sandia and Honeywell FM&T completed the relocationof the production capabilities for all W76-1 Life ExtensionProject components produced at the Bannister facility tothe new National Security Campus (NSC) in Kansas City.To maintain W76-1 production capability, the movenecessitated a twofold approach of build-ahead and dual-build. After the NSC production capability was fully estab-lished, the Bannister production was shut down. Theteams completed the extensive relocation while still main-taining shipments of all components from the NSC to thePantex Plant in Amarillo. (400, 1700, 2200, 2500, 2600,2700, 2800, 2900, 5300) NW [NW]

Page 3Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

Nuclear weapons engineering

Under the Qualification Alter-natives to the Sandia PulsedReactor (QASPR) project, the firsttests of a small-scale integratedcircuit (SSIC) using ion beamsproduced by the Ion Beam Labo-ratory have been done at dis-placement damage levels compa-rable to the retired Sandia PulsedReactor. The ability of the beamto impart localized damage tosingle or multiple transistors hasimproved our understanding ofthe survivability of such circuitsin hostile radiation environ-ments. (1100, 1300) NW [NW]

Sandia developed a new flight recorder/telemetry forcollection of critical weapon performance data in supportof the B61 stockpile surveillance flight test program. TheJoint Test Assembly Modernization flight recorder collects4,000 times more data per flight than the system itreplaces, allowing improved weapon assessment duringsurveillance missions. As a result, Sandia can collectenhanced fidelity data while testing at the edges of the air-craft’s release envelope. Telemetered data at 5 Mb/sec per-mits real-time access to pre- and post-release data. (2200,8100, 0400, 2600, 2700, 5300) NW [NW]

Sandia’s Aircraft Compatibility Team and B61-12 LifeExtension Program System Engineering completedVibration Fly-Around/Instrumented MeasurementVehicle testing on the F-15E and F-16 airframes. Sixflights were flown in July and August 2014. Fiveweapon configurations — three on the F-15E and twoon the F-16 — were represented in the six flights. Thesetests were the first successful flights of Sandia-furnishedtest units on US Air Force carrier platforms. (2900,2100) NW [NW]

Additive manufacturing capabilities were employed todesign and fabricate a full-scale prototype cutaway of theB61-12. This marks the first time a full-scale cutaway hasbeen available during Phase 6.3 of a life extension pro-gram. The unit can be reconfigured to reflect the evolvingdesign. It can also be shown in several unique configura-tions to accommodate the clearance level of the viewingaudience. One unit is housed at Sandia/New Mexico anda second unit was fabricated to support NNSA discussionswith stakeholders in Washington, D.C. (2900, 2100) NW[NW]

Sandia’s Enterprise Modeling & Analysis Consortiumteam (Org. 280) delivered the Scope and ComplexityModel methodology white paper (release 2) four monthsahead of plan, enabling support of the W78/88 120-DayStudy and delivering all modeling and analysis productson or ahead of schedule. Using the Sandia-developed“Stockpile Optimization under a Resource-ConstrainedEnterprise” model, Sandia is providing primary NuclearSecurity Enterprise stockpile analyses for the Productionand Planning Directive 2014-1. (200) NW [NW]

Sandia released B61-12 LEP Validating InformationProcessor (VIPr) use control systems software culminatingin successful system-level testing. The development softwareenabled the Systems group to exercise all of the communica-tion channels in the weapon for use control commands, thecommunication channels for other components linked bythe VIPr, and the critical function control switch. The VIPris the weapon-based portion of multiple use control systemscomponents in the B61. (2600) NW [NW]

Sandia successfully conducted the first flight test in theW88 ALT 370 development program in partnership withLos Alamos National Laboratory, the Kansas City Plant,and Pantex. The Critical Radar Arming and Fuzing Test(CRAFT) flight provided the environment necessary to testthe new joint radar in the W88 ALT 370 reentry system.Flight data analysis confirmed success in all test objectivesincluding plasma environment data collection and radarranging in all radar fuzing modes. Both NNSA and the USNavy publicly recognized the importance of this technicalachievement and program milestone. (1500, 2100, 2600,5300, 8100) NW [NW]

RESEARCHER Billy Martin (6221)looks over diagnostics that are partof the Qualification Alternative toSandia Pulsed Reactor program.QASPR combines computer model-ing and simulation, experiments,and technology development forstockpile surveillance.

(Photo by Randy Montoya)

The Test Operations Centerat Tonopah Test Rangeunderwent a modernizationinitiative from November2013 to March 2014, integrat-ing scalable/configurableflight test suites, a touch-screen VOIP communicationssystem, new situational aware-ness displays for increasedflight safety, and LED energy-efficient lighting. Flight testpersonnel now have enhancedcollaboration and communi-cations capabilities, and infor-mation flow is faster andarchived more efficiently. Thisexponential upgrade in theTest Operations Centerexpands the operational capa-bility and flexibility of thisvital node for Sandia’s stock-pile surveillance mission andpostures TTR for upcomingflight test missions. (2900)NW [NW]

Page 4 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

Nuclear weapon security

REPLACEMENT ARMORED TRACTOR under frontal impact loading. Shown above is loading sequence 1 through 4. (Computer imagery by Ken Gwinn, Michael Holle, and Kurt Metzinger)

Nuclear weapons engineering

Sandia scientists have used the Z Machine to create the world’s brightest bursts of cold X-rays in a laboratorysetting to simulate the effects of nuclear countermeasures. By imploding puffs of argon gas at high velocities, threeshots in October achieved record exposures and data collection under the Radiation Effects Sciences (RES) Z cam-paign — a program aimed at validating physics models and engineering codes used for assessing the survivabilityof strategic weapons in hostile nuclear environments. (1300, 1500, 1600, 1800). NW [NW]

Sandia executed a B61-11 Cable Pull Down stockpilesurveillance test at the Sandia Aerial Cable Facility. Thetest unit was pre-conditioned to the Stockpile-to-TargetSequence cold temperature extreme. Impact conditionswere consistent with a low-altitude delivery. Surveil-lance data were interrogated from the on-board flightrecorder, and post-test evaluation indicated the unitfunctioned normally. NW (1500, 2200, 2900) NW [NW]

Centers 1700 and 2600 completed the qualification of a critical new supplier to complete the final production lots fora Gel Mylar Capacitor. As a result of early production issues, a team was formed to develop a new supplier to finish capac-itor production. The Product Realization Team built and delivered more than 100 Mark Quality capacitors to the KansasCity Plant in August 2014. This accomplishment was three-plus years in the making and resulted in four developmentbuilds and two Process Prove-In builds prior to the successful, reject-free lot submittal in August 2014. (400, 1700, 1800,2100, 2200, 2600, 2700, 2900, NNSA, SFO) NW [NW]

The multi-agency Joint Integrated LifecycleSurety (JILS) project uniquely delivers surety riskanalysis for the nuclear weapons enterprise. The JILSteam, led by Sandia, comprises experts in physicalsecurity, nuclear weapons, systems analysis, human

factors, and risk analysis, with participants from USAir Force, US Navy, NNSA, and Sandia, Los Alamos,and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories. Thisyear, the team expanded JILS capabilities (includingcost-benefit analysis) and performed refined option

analyses. The team’s risk analysis informed key suretydecisions and discussions in the nuclear weaponsenterprise, leading to an NNSA Defense ProgramsAward of Excellence. (8200, 8100, 6600, 6500, 5600,400) NW [RGND]

Our team conducted afinite element analysis of areplacement armoredtractor used by the Office ofSecure Transportation for theSafeguards Transporter fleet.We performed the analysis,using a model with morethan 150,000 elements, todetermine how the tractorwould respond in a severedesign basis accident crash.This collaborative effort,involving Centers 6600,1500, and 400, wasperformed using Sandia’sadvanced scientific comput-ing resources. The resultswere used in support of theNuclear Explosive SafetyStudy Group to confirmthat the replacement tractorwould perform tospecifications. (6600, 1500,400) NW [RGND]

Page 5Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

REPLACEMENT ARMORED TRACTOR MODEL

ONLY 2.5-CENTIMETERS TALL and lasting just tens of nanoseconds, argon implosions at Z are the world’s brightest laboratorysource of cold X-rays, shown in these false-color frames calibrated to the emitted X-ray energies.

Product realizationIn partnership with NNSA, Sandia’s Neutron GeneratorEnterprise (NGE) developed an NGE Integrated ProgramPlan (NIPP), a key element of customer managementassurance. The NIPP communicates the approach used toplan, manage, and operate the enterprise to meet requireddeliverables per negotiated funding targets. In FY14, theNGE met or exceeded all production and developmentNIPP deliverables. A noteworthy FY14 highlight for theNGE was the realization of a $4.5 million recapitalizationgain for critical equipment needs as a result of continuousimprovement activities. (2700, 2800, 2100, 2500, 8200)NW [NW]

The B83 ALT353 Gas Transfer System Product Realiza-tion Team overcame technical and programmatic chal-lenges to successfully complete all deliverables, culminat-ing in First Production Units in 2014. The team applied itsstrengths in metallurgy, material science, and computa-tional analysis to address production challenges and estab-lish a robust qualification process. The aggressive timelinenecessitated outstanding communication and coordinationamong Sandia, the Kansas City Plant, and the SavannahRiver Site. The ALT353 motto is “One Team” and they haveexemplified that maxim in their efforts and in their success.(8200, 8300, 8500, 8100, 1800, KCP, SRS) NW [NW]

Center 5400 met key milestones for the B61-12 LEP withthe assembly, integration, testing, and delivery of threeCompatibility Test Units (CTU-2) and seven Flight Bodyunits (FB-2). The CTU-2 is a representation of the B61-12used by Aircraft Compatibility (2951) to evaluate theweapons’ pre-release functionality and ultimately certifythe B61-12 weapon for use on the F-15, F-16, B-2, and PA-200 aircraft. The FB-2 is a representation of the front end ofthe B61-12 intended to support tail kit assembly develop-ment and qualification by the Air Force. (5400, 2100, 2900,6500) NW [NW]

The Common Engineering Environment Portal is thefirst dedicated website available for engineers to access allcomponents (i.e., processes, tools, training, best practices)

needed to excel in the practice of engineering. The impactwill lead to improved systematic quality approachesthrough consistency in preferred engineering practices.The Portal will result in more efficient workforce skillsmobility across Sandia. The Labs may realize cost savingsthrough corporate tool purchases including multi-userlicenses. The site was created through collaboration acrossall PMUs via the Common Engineering EnvironmentSteering Committee. (9010, 9500, 9300, 8900, 2200, 1500,8200, 10600, 5500, 6500, 6900, 0100) IMS [LF]

The final lot of the MC4698 thermal battery for theW76-1 LEP was delivered in September 2014, free ofdefects. The entire production run of batteries was accom-plished through a close partnership with Sandia ExternalProduction, the Sandia Quality organization, and a com-mercial supplier. A Lean Six Sigma approach and a con-certed effort to communicate Sandia requirements werecritical to meeting schedule and cost targets. The resultingcollaboration has built a solid foundation for future work.(2500, 400) NW [NW]

Remote sensing

Recognizing Sandia’s in-depth expertise in remote sens-ing science and operations, the US Air Force Space Com-mand engaged the Labs to participate in the Space-BasedInfrared System (SBIRS) Follow-On Analysis of Alternatives(AOA). The AOA will determine the most cost-effective

approach for performing our nation’s missile warning, mis-sile defense, and battle space awareness missions againstemerging targets and technologies beyond the currentSBIRS program. By guiding design options and simulatingmission performance of alternatives, the DS&A PMU is

helping shape the next-generation DoD space architecture.(5000, 5500, 5300, 05700, 10600) DSA [LDI]

Sandia successfully completed security design andinstallation upgrades at a critical location. The upgradeincluded a Wide Area Surveillance System and IntrusionDetection and Assessment System. Working in partnershipwith US Air Force and under direction from the Joint The-atre Surety Management Group, Sandia met all require-ments on time and within budget, and this site passedGovernment Acceptance Testing in July 2014. Sandia hasbeen involved in protecting our nation’s critical assets formore than 40 years. (6500) IHNS [RGND]

Sandia’s Space Mission Program has received authorityfor a major initiative to develop and deliver a next-gener-ation satellite ground system. This ground system, build-ing on Sandia's successful history, will support generalizedand extensible mission management and data processingfor a new breed of persistent sensors developed by indus-try. The system will enable robust research and develop-ment of technologically advanced algorithms and quicklydeploy them to meet rapidly changing needs of end users.(5500, 10600) DSA [LDI]

Along with a number of Sandia partner organizations,the Advanced Systems Program delivered a major updateto a sensing ground station software system. This was thelargest delivery since the original ground system deliveryand concluded an 18-month development and deliveryeffort that resulted in the installation of three million linesof code, eight racks of computer and network hardware,and a number of significant new system capabilities. Theinstallation effort was accomplished with just hours of sys-tem down-time, delighting the customer. (2600, 5300,5500, 9500, 10600) DSA [LDI]

Sandia’s Airborne Intelligence Surveillance andReconnaissance Systems group successfully inte-grated the Copperhead synthetic aperture radar onto anew platform, the US Army’s Hunter unmanned aerialvehicle. This quick-turn technical effort was completedin approximately four months as required to support atransition directed by the deputy secretary of defense.The successful effort was critical in extending the Cop-perhead Counter-IED mission through FY15. (5300,2600, 5400) DSA [SDP]

ALAN GORENZ (1766) confirms a 100 percent success rate for machine-vision reading of2-D data matrix-encoded Sandia piece parts for full traceability supporting an electronicproduction control system. (Photo courtesy of Alan Gorenz)

The Global Burst Detector completed a major program milestone in November 2014 by gaining customer approvalto ship the third flight system to the GPS III space vehicle contractor for integration. The Global Burst Detector,hosted on the GPS satellite, provides 24/7 Medium Earth Orbit detection and location of nuclear detonation eventsworldwide and builds on the successful deployment of the GPS IIF and IIR suite of satellites currently on orbit. Sandia,in partnership with Los Alamos National Laboratory, has a long history in the development and delivery of satellite-based nuclear detonation detection systems. (2600, 5300, 5700) DSA [NAW]

THE GPS GLOBAL BURST DETECTOR payload being prepared for a system test. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

We’ve built a machine-vision recognition systemfor fast, error-free partshandling in support of adefect-prevention strategyfor our small form-factorHBT — heterojunctionbipolar transistor — prod-ucts. The system removesthe human operator frommultiple data entry stepsfrom package lidding tofinal package delivery.Human data entry nowoccurs only once in theproduct’s life. The readingsystem uses high-resolutioncamera software to recog-nize each part in an imageof an array of parts toenable our software systemto interface seamlesslywithin an electronic pro-duction control systemframework. (1700) NW[NW]

Page 6 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

Cybersecurity

Global security

THIS SAMPLE displays the variety of colors that can be pro-duced in anti-tamper indicators on metals. (Research sup-ported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency)

SANDIA RESEARCHERS prepare pods that, airborne, will track radiation to its source and analyze particulates and gasses to identify anuclear bomb’s origin. In foreground, Eduardo Padilla (in short-sleeve shirt) and Chisom Wilson (on one knee) tune up the direc-tional gamma radiation sensor (DGRS) pod. Scott Davison works by himself on the particulate sampling pod, while Joe Sanders(back left) inspects the Whole Air Sampling Pod (WASP). (Photo by Randy Montoya)

Adrian Chavez (5629) has been named byPresident Barack Obama as a recipient ofthe Presidential Early Career Award for Scien-tists and Engineers. The award is the highesthonor the US government bestows on scien-tists and engineers who are beginning theircareers. His research has focused on develop-ing and integrating new cybersecurity pro-tections into systems like the US power grid,oil and gas refineries, and water pipelines, toensure they can survive cyber incidentswhile sustaining critical functions. Adrianand his team are working on dynamicallydefending and randomizing critical infra-structure networks, essentially turning theminto moving targets, making it more difficultfor an adversary to locate and exploit aspecific system.

Sandia Cyber Omni Tracker (SCOT) is a state-of-the-art cyber security incidentresponse system and knowledge base. Released as open source, SCOT was selectedby the Department of Homeland Security Transition to Practice Program as a newtechnology to help the nation respond to cybersecurity challenges. Designed bycybersecurity specialists, SCOT provides an innovative approach to performingcyber analytics and correlating disparate data to enable deeper insight to cyberadversaries and threats. SCOT creates actionable intelligence from existing securityapplications, thus enhancing overall cyber protections. (9300) All PMUs [Cyber]

As part of the Security &You TransformationStrategy, several initia-tives were developed inFY14 to cultivate part-nerships and open dia-logue between the Secu-rity program and theworkforce. Division Out-reach concentrated onopening the lines ofcommunication betweenSecurity and each divi-sion’s VPs, directors, andsenior managers. TheSecurity Incident Advi-sory Panel incorporateddivision representativesfrom all levels of theworkforce to team ondetermining effectiveincident reduction activ-ities. Additional initia-tives included improvedsecurity training, securitylearning minutes, andnewsletters as well asthe “Security Salutes”workforce recognitionprogram.(4200) IMS [LF]

ES&H & security

Harvester underwent successful flight testing anddemonstration on both C-130H manned aircraft andMQ9 unmanned aircraft, and was officially delivered tothe US Air Force, all in FY14. Harvester collects airbornedebris from a nuclear explosion, enabling subsequentdetailed forensic analysis of collected samples, andincludes two particulate sampling pods with radioiso-tope identification capability and a high-sensitivity

gamma directional sensor.Harvester’s modular design enabled its rapid integra-tion onto both aircraft. DoD and NA-22 supported itsdevelopment by Centers 5900, 5500, and 6600. TheHarvester system was a critical component of the teamthat won DoD’s Joint Concept Technology Demonstra-tion (JCTD) team of the year award for 2014. (5900,5500, 5700, 6600) DSA [NAW]

Working with NA-24, NNSA’s Nonproliferation & Inter-national Security organization, members of Sandia’sInternational Nuclear Risk Reduction department workedwith Video Services to produce a short video explaining tothe Indian and Pakistani populations the issues of a paral-lel, transparent process of dismantling obsolete missiles.The video is a documentary of young Indians and Pakista-nis participating in transparency exercises (developed bySandia) using real missiles and virtual reality tools (alsodeveloped by Sandia). Thus far, this training video hasbeen seen on social media by more than 2.3 million peopleliving in India and Pakistan. (6800, 3600) IHNS [RGND]

A four-year project between Sandia’s InternationalNuclear/Radiological Security Dept. 6811 and the SouthAfrican Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA) culminatedin a successful physical protection assessment by a multi-agency US government team (DOE/NNSA, Department ofState, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission) that will allowNECSA to receive US-origin low-enriched uranium (LEU).This effort ensures that South Africa can further reduce thepotential of nuclear proliferation as well as provide a stablesupply of LEU-produced medical isotopes for the worldmarket. (6800) IHNS [RGND]

Because conventional markings and seals can be dupli-cated or counterfeited, Sandia materials researchers havedeveloped a patented process to create trusted tamper-indi-cation markings using pulsed lasers. This process createsunique, non-reproducible color patterns and features todetermine whether a component has been compromised.On metals that oxidize, intrinsic, microstructurally uniquecolor patterns and one-of-a-kind features are formed, whileon materials that do not oxidize, distinctive periodic ripplepatterns are formed that cannot be replicated. This com-mercially viable technique can be used to readily authenti-cate components. (1800, 1500, 2600, 6800) NW [NW]

PATRICK DOTY HOLDS EXAMPLES of Triplet-Harvesting Plas-tic Scintillators as lead investigator Patrick Feng, center, andMark Allendorf contemplate their achievement. (Photo by Dino Vournas)

Patrick Feng (8126) and his team were awarded theR&D 100 Award for their development of Triplet-Har-vesting Plastic Scintillators, funded by the DOE/NNSA/NA-221. Automated sensors are needed to screen cargoat US ports of entry for radiological materials that couldbe weaponized. THP scintillators give off more light atless cost, and respond faster than current scintillators.Triplet-harvesting converts energy from an organicpolymer matrix to highly luminescent triplet energystates. The unique response provides the ability todiscriminate threat materials from benign radiationsources. (5700, 8100) DSA [RGND]

ADRIAN CHAVEZ

Paulette Solis (4249)was named as thecontractor recipient ofNNSA’s Bradley A. Peter-son Security Professionalof the Year Award. Eachyear, this award recog-nizes one contractor andone federal employeewhose contributions tosecurity programs in theNNSA enterprise exem-plify excellence andcommitment.NNSA acting Chief andAssociate AdministratorDoug Dearolph noted,“Ms. Solis exemplif[ies]

NNSA’s commitment in improving and enhancing its securityacross the enterprise. I applaud the dedication of . . . Paulettefor [her] commitment in helping to protect NNSA’s resources.Our security culture continues to see improvement inaccountability and vigilance as we continue to implementcontrols that expand accountability and cooperation acrossthe enterprise.”Paulette received the award based on her outstanding leader-ship activities and efforts that resulted in cost savings andavoidances of nearly $500,000 while reducing facilityclearance rejections and improving processing times.

PAULETTE SOLIS

Page 7Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

Bioscience

BaDx (Bacillus anthracis Diagnostics) is a stand-alone, compact diagnostic device for use inresource-limited environments to detect real-worldconcentrations (>100 spores) of virulent B.anthracis, the causal agent of anthrax. BaDx inte-grates a micro-culture chamber, selective media,and lateral-flow assay diagnostic components into asingle-use package with a “self-destruct” feature forsafe device disposal after anthrax detection. This2014 R&D 100 Award-winning technology providesa safe, rapid, and simple means to accurately detectanthrax without expensive or complicated labora-tory equipment. (1100, 1700, 6800, 8600) LF[RGCBD]

SANDIA SCIENTISTS, from left, Jason Harper (8631),Melissa Finley (6825), and Thayne Edwards (1714) showa BaDx anthrax detector. The three were recognized bythe Federal Laboratory Consortium for their work in com-mercializing the BaDx technology. The detector waslicensed by a New Mexico company. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

GETTING FOCUSED — Students rise to the challenges presented to them during a Tracer FIRE cyber defense exercise. The studentsvisited Sandia under a DOE-funded pilot project to help students in minority-serving institutions improve cybersecurity education.

(Photo by Randy Montoya)

THE TRINITY SUPERCOMPUTER is designed to provide increased com-putational capability for the NNSA Nuclear Security Enterprise in sup-port of ever-demanding workloads.

MARK TAYLOR, ACME’s Chief Computational Scientist, stands in front of a visualization of ahigh-resolution simulation showing atmospheric flow patterns and water content. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

Computer & information sciences

Sandia conceptualized, designed, and prototyped anadvanced analytics and visualization environment tosupport national cybersecurity applications. The proto-type flexibly aggregates an array of live data feeds andfilters and displays the information in an interactivevisualization environment. The project advancesnational analytics capabilities for protecting high-con-sequence networks and cybersystems, identifyingtrending cyber threats, and assessing cyber defensestate-of-health. (8900) IHNS [Cyber]

The Institutional Computing program made strate-gic and tactical investments in FY14 to support newareas of computing interest expressed by organizationsacross the Labs. Basic computer science research,emerging technology demonstrations, emulations oflarge complex systems, and data analytics are interestareas supported by the purchase of the cloud-basedDark Nebula system. Other specialized platforms forgraph analysis and big data problems are in service, asis an expanded Dark Bridge system that representsSandia’s capability solution for the National Securitycommunity. (9300, 1400) All PMUs [LF]

Sandia developed SNLSimMagic, an augmented real-ity iOS application that can be downloaded to aniPhone or iPad. If users scan an image in the SandiaHigh Performance Computing Annual Report usingSNLSimMagic, a movie clip of the relevant computersimulation will play on their device. This app, avail-able through the Apple Store[http://tiny.sandia.gov/kdizf], was recently demon-strated at Supercomputing 2014 in New Orleans.(6900, 9300) [LF, Cyber]

The Trinity supercomputer is designed to provideincreased computational capability for the NNSANuclear Security Enterprise. Trinity’s capabilities areneeded to support the Stockpile Stewardship program’scertification and assessments to ensure the nation’snuclear weapon stockpile is safe, reliable, and secure.Trinity is the first of the Office of Advanced Simulationand Computing’s Advanced Technology systems. Trin-ity’s features include high levels of processor paral-lelism, multi-level memory, tightly coupled non-volatile storage, and fine-grain power management.Additional information can be found athttp://trinity.lanl.gov. (1400) NW [NW]

Edward Jimenez Jr.was recognized byGreat Minds in STEM(Science, Technology,Engineering, andMath) as “MostPromising Engineer orScientist — AdvancedDegree, PhD.” Hisaward was presentedat the 26th annualHispanic EngineeringNational AchievementAwards Conference inNew Orleans. Edwardreceived this award inrecognition of hisexceptional leadership,innovative research,

and commitment to the community while continuallydemonstrating integrity, technical knowledge, excel-lent communication skills, and superb teamwork, espe-cially in nurturing the development of future scientistsand engineers.

EDWARD JIMENEZ

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Sandia is applying itsextensive experience inhigh performance comput-ing environments, softwareengineering, and uncertaintyquantification to aid devel-opment of DOE’s next-gen-eration climate and Earthsystem model, which will beused to address the mostchallenging and demandingclimate change issues. Thisnew program, AcceleratedClimate Modeling forEnergy, or ACME, is develop-ing a state-of-the-scienceEarth system model that willrun efficiently on DOE lead-ership computing facilitiesto address DOE scientificand energy applications.Sandians serve as ACME’schief computational scientistand ACME’s software engi-neering lead. (1400, 6900,8300) EC [SSEF]

Under the Minority Serving Institutionseffort by DOE/NNSA, Sandia worked with aconsortium of Historically Black Collegesand Universities (HBCUs) to increase inter-est in STEM at the K-20 level, improve edu-cational opportunities at the undergraduatelevel, and support research at the graduatelevel. Activities included hosting sabbaticalsfor teachers and faculty from HBCUs, sup-porting interns and providing CyberPatriottraining to middle school students in the USVirgin Islands, and Tracer FIRE cybersecuritytraining for high school and university stu-dents at multiple venues. (5600, 9300,6600) NW [Cyber]

Sandia National LaboratoriesPage 8 • Sandia Lab News

SANDIA’S CENTRIFUGE TEST COMPLEX simulates weapon system launch and re-entry environments including acceleration,deceleration, and vibration. Glenn Yarborough inspects the centrifuge arm, while Orlando Abeyta (left) and Ed Romerowork above. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

IT, networks, & facilities

Bldg. 730 was built at the intersection of 9th Street andK Ave. in Tech Area 1. It was the third of five institutionalassets constructed with Integrated Mission Support fund-ing, per an FY12 agreement by the Laboratories LeadershipTeam. It incorporates lessons learned from Bldg. 704. Con-struction ran from August 2013 to July 2014. The buildingprovides offices and light laboratory space to benefit ongo-ing science and technology activities, major S&T programinitiatives, and multiple mission elements. The project wascompleted within budget, on schedule, and with zerosafety incidents. (2900, 4200, 4800, 9300, 10200) IMS [LF]

An ongoing project to replace the existing evaporativecoolers with refrigerated rooftop air conditioners for Bldg.963 was combined mid-project with a task to prepare thebuilding for the installation of a new test chamber used forelectrostatic discharge experiments. Work on both projects

Partnerships &alliances

Sandia and the University of New Mexico’s jointlydeveloped protocell technology was licensed to startupAlpine Biosciences in July 2014. Oncothyreon Inc. subse-quently acquired Alpine Biosciences in August. The licenseand acquisition will accelerate the technology’s clinicaldevelopment for treating currently intractable diseases.UNM led licensing for cancer therapies while Sandiaretains rights to seek partners for national security applica-tions. Sandia and UNM will share in any royalties thatresult from successful commercialization. The Sandia-UNMrelationship is a partnerships model Sandia will replicatewith other university partners to increase IP deployment.(1900) IHNS [RGCBD]

was sequenced and protective structures were provided toallow users to continue their mission work with minimumdisruption. Both projects were completed on time andmore than $100,000 under budget. (4800) NW [NW]

The Facilities Management and Operations Center’s FireProtection and Assurance Dept. 4879 recently developedthe fire protection requirements contained in Sandia’s newChemPro application. This Oracle storefront purchasingapplication establishes a control point for the purchase ofchemicals and helps ensure compliance with numerousfederal, state, local, and corporate requirements. To ensurechemical quantities comply with applicable fire coderequirements, the ChemPro application interfaces with theFMOC’s Maximum Allowable Quantity tool. FMOC fireprotection engineers review all chemical requests for fireprotection compliance and approval. (4800) IMS [LF]

Facilities’ Partnership and Planning Dept. 4853 andEarth System Analysis Dept. 6926 developed Sandia’s Insti-tutional Transformation (IX) model, a tool that evaluatesenergy conservation and solar renewable energy projects atboth the building and campus level. The IX system links aseries of models to evaluate more than 30 energy conserva-tion measures across building types (for example, labs andoffices), technical area, or time. Sandia is using the IXmodel to inform capital funding and policy decisions.(4800, 6900) IMS [LF]

The Videoconferencing and Collaborative Technologiesteam initiated an effort to improve customer experienceusing state-of-the-art technology. The infrastructure wasredesigned to allow more fluid integration with internaland external customers. Ten public videoconferencingrooms across Sandia were upgraded to take advantage ofthe new infrastructure, which meets the Videoconferenc-ing Common Operating Environment. The rooms areequipped with high-resolution LCD displays and easy-to-use handheld remotes. Public rooms continue to beupgraded in FY15 and we’re working with private roomowners to upgrade to the same technology. (8900) IMS [LF]

The Sandia/New Mexico Technical Library provided sig-nificant contributions to DOE’s Scientific and TechnicalInformation Program. Transitioning to web services, morethan 13,000 scientific and technical information itemsemanating from Sandia were submitted to the program.Sandia is the first laboratory to complete this transition,establishing a modern, efficient process for current andfuture submissions, while setting the bar high for othernational laboratories to follow in ensuring a comprehen-sive Scientific and Technical Program is in place for theirsites. (9500) IMS [NW]

Significant progress implementing the Sandia/CaliforniaSite Development Plan was made in FY14. Among Facili-ties’ projects completed are: C912 North Wing second floorwas modernized for future use; C905 was seismically retro-fitted for personnel safety; C927 was demolished, remov-ing substandard space; multiple building mechanicalequipment and associated control systems were refur-bished for efficient use; the west side parking lot was reno-vated for enhanced safety; and the Livermore Valley OpenCampus entrance was established for visitors. (8100, 8200,8300, 8500, 8600, 8900) IMS [LF]

Supply chainAs part of a multiyear effort between divisions, the Life-cycle Materials Management Team led the implementa-tion of the Sandia Purchasing Storefront, an automatedreview and approval system for the acquisition of haz-ardous/controlled products such as chemicals. Implemen-tation of the storefront was critical in demonstrating sus-tainable materials management to address accumulation ofexcess and legacy hazardous materials. In addition, legacychemical reductions were vigorously addressed by all divi-sions with chemical holdings. (10200, 4100, 9500, 2500,1300, 4800) IMS [LF]

Supply Chain (10200) continues to be a leader inDOE/NNSA’s complex-wide acquisition initiatives. SupplyChain is actively engaged in leveraging pricing discountsfor site-wide purchasing agreements. Sandia’s SupplyChain was presented the Award of Excellence by NNSA’sSupply Chain Management Center for its strategic savingsachievements in FY14. Sandia’s cost savings exceededthose of all other sites in the complex with $57.7 millionin strategic savings, or 45 percent of the complex total.(10200) IMS [LF]

Military programsThe RF Toolkit provides a 3-D visualization environmentfor complex radio frequency (RF) analysis, including mod-ulator/demodulator simulation, link margin calculation,multipath effects modeling, and telemetry receive-site opti-mization. The RF Toolkit has been used to rapidly analyzeboth Work for Others-related range assets and nuclearweapons development telemetry transmitter/receiver per-formance. It also has been used to visualize real-time mis-sile and payload dynamics in conjunction with data pro-vided from the Telemetry Analysis and Visualization Suite(TAVS). (2600, 5400, 2100) DSA [LDI]

Sandia’s Kauai Test Facility (KTF) in Hawaii supportedcritical US missile and air defense programs during 2014.In May, KTF supported the Navy’s assessment of an Aegissensor. In July, KTF staff supported DoD’s evaluation ofnext-generation GPS hardware. Later in the year, KTF part-nered with the Missile Defense Agency in a campaign toadvance the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense system. KTFprovided MDA with launch support for targets that weretracked and intercepted by the Aegis weapon system. San-dia’s test and launch facility coordinates assembly, integra-tion, test, launch, and data collection to support variousground and flight test missions. (5400) DSA [LDI]

A FACILITIES MANAGEMENT ELECTRICIAN installs newelectrical equipment in an Area 1 building.

LAUNCH OF A MEDIUM RANGE ballistic missile Type 3 targetin support of a 2014 Missile Defense Agency mission. The tar-get was launched from Kauai Test Facility Pad 42.

In March 2014, the TestCapabilities Revitalization(TCR) Phase 2 achieved itsfinal project milestone, fin-ishing work begun in 2005.TCR Phase 2 addressed criti-cal infrastructure and equip-ment needs in 26 facilities,including the 10,000-footsled track facility, the large-scale centrifuge facility, themechanical shock facility,and the two large-scalevibration facilities. PerNNSA, the project met allof its performance goalsrelated to cost, schedule,and scope and was com-pleted $9.1 million underthe approved total projectcost budget. NW [NW]

The Facilities Management and Operations Center(FMOC) executed significant, complex, and highlyaccelerated projects to replace outdated electrical equip-ment (switchgear and panel boards) leading to themajor utility and building systems for several buildingsin Tech Area 1. Since the electrical equipment could nolonger be adequately maintained, the renovations werecompleted to help reduce the risk of major unplannedand extended utility outages that could affect missionwork. The project also improved the safety of electricalequipment, including a reduction in arc-flash hazardpotential. (3000, 4000, 6000, 10000) IMS [LF]

Page 9Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

Pulsed power

Engineering sciences

After years of preparation, the first Mag-netized Liner Inertial Fusion (MAGLif)experiments were conducted on Z. This newconcept for pulsed power-driven fusioncombined magnetic field confinement withlaser heating of deuterium fuel during a“slow” implosion in Z. The initial experi-ments were successful in achieving fusiontemperatures (>30,000,000 K) and charac-teristic neutron yields and time-of-flightspectra. The results validated the primarypremise to demonstrate the fuel was highlymagnetized during implosion. These excit-ing results were published in two PhysicalReview Letters papers in September. (1600)NW [NW]

A thorough understanding of themechanical behavior of plutonium duringstrong compression remains a central stock-pile stewardship goal. In collaboration withLos Alamos National Laboratory researchers,we completed the 11th and 12th containedplutonium shots since the 2009 refurbish-ment of Z. One of the shots required a suc-cessful extension of the authorization basisfor contained plutonium experiments, sinceit produced an asymmetric mechanical load.This experiment further improved ourunderstanding of the plutonium phasediagram by providing an 80 percent pressureincrease applied to the plutonium overprevious Z tests. (1600) NW [NW]

Computational Simulations are being used at unprecedented levels to support our nuclear weaponprograms. In FY14, Sandia’s Sierra Suite had approximately 300 users, 1.6 million runs, and 2 millionCPU-days on Sandia machines. These simulations spanned thermal and thermal-mechanical problems,captive-carry aero-structural, mechanical drops and impacts, and fuzing applications. Complex phe-nomena are part of the simulations, including organic foam decomposition, material fracture andfragmentation, large deformations, nonlinear material response, and coupled multi-physics. Successesinclude simulations related to the B61-12 and W88 programs. (1500) NW [NW]

Centers 1500 and 2100 partnered to complete a wind tunnel testseries on a full-scale mock unit representing the aerodynamic charac-teristics of the B61-12 gravity bomb. The testing took place at US AirForce’s Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tennessee, whichhas the nation’s largest wind tunnel capable of the required air speeds.The tests established the configuration that will deliver the necessaryspin motion of the bomb during freefall and mark an important mile-stone in the B61 Life Extension Program. (1500, 2100) NW [NW]

We have developed a conceptualdesign of Pluto, a novel accelera-tor that will be powered by next-generation pulsed-power technol-ogy. Pluto will deliver 3 terawattsin a 50-nanosecond pulse toadvanced particle-beam diodes.(For comparison, the installedelectrical power generation capac-ity in the US is 1.1 terawatts.) Theaccelerator, designed using theprinciples of engineered safety,eliminates hazards such as high-power lasers and asphyxiatinggases that are inherent to conven-tional pulsed power. The accelera-tor will drive a variety of experi-ments in support of Sandia’snational security mission.(1600) NW [NW]

LOAD ASSEMBLY for asymmetric pluto-nium experiment on Sandia’s Z-machine.

THE THREE STAGES of MagLIF. Fusing plasmaseen in the experimental image on the right.

Page 10 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN of Plutoaccelerator.

Homeland security

ILLUSTRATION of the operation ofall-dielectric optical magnetic mir-rors compared to a gold mirror.Unlike the gold surface (right), thecubic dielectric resonators (left) donot induce a phase shift of thereflected electric field at the mag-netic resonance.

Sandia researchers performedthe first-ever demonstrationof magnetic mirrors operatingat infrared wavelengths. Themirrors are made from speciallydesigned dielectric metamate-rials and reflect light throughinteraction with light’s mag-netic field — a very unusualbehavior that leads to strongelectric fields at the mirrorsurface. These new mirrorscan be exploited for applica-tions ranging from spectrallyselective infrared sensors tohigh-efficiency optical emit-ters. The Sandia team used astate-of-the-art ultrafastinfrared laser system todirectly observe the magneticmirror effect. (1700) DSA [LDI]

The Gamma Detector Response and Analysis Software(GADRAS) was modified to compute gamma-ray spectrafrom 3-D representations of radiation sources using ana-lytic functions that execute several orders of magnitudefaster than previous methods. The external environment istreated as an extension of a detector response function,which eliminates errors encountered when radiation trans-port codes interface with non-integrated detector responsefunctions. The computational accuracy for numerousbenchmark measurements is excellent. Hundreds of staffmembers at the national laboratories use GADRAS for pre-dictive modeling and analysis. (6600) IHNS [RGND]

Microelectronics & microsystems

PROFORCE responds during an Active Shooter exercise. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

COMPARISON of a computed gamma-ray spectrum with ameasurement of a plutonium sphere within a polyethylenemoderator with steel tables supporting the radiation sourceand the high-purity germanium detector.

Multi-platform XTK

Sandia’s Protective Force has beenthe benchmark for leading the waywith Active Shooter Response capa-bilities. In line with DOE’s empha-sis on preparedness vs. active shoot-ers and other emerging threats,Sandia conducted multiple ActiveShooter exercises in FY14 includinga successful demonstration for theSecurity Oversight Subcommittee.These exercises integrated emer-gency processes and response capa-bilities to quickly respond and pro-tect Sandia’s greatest resource, itspeople. Additionally, to provideimproved protection of the work-force, Sandia’s California ProtectiveForce implemented improvementsto bring their Active Shooterresponse program in line with themajority of DOE laboratories.(4200) IMS [LF]

The Emergency Response Application Team developedX-ray Toolkit, an X-ray image processing and analysisapplication. XTK improves bomb technician safety byincreasing operational efficiency, reducing event resolutiontime, and reducing time spent near the device. XTK, firstdeveloped for DOE, is now, with more than 5,000 users,the most widely used X-ray application for US military andcivilian bomb squads. The FBI Hazardous Device School(HDS) now requires XTK proficiency for bomb techniciancertification. XTK is available on multiple platforms,including Windows XP/Vista/7/8, Android, iOS, and OSX.(6500, 6600, 9500) IHNS [RGND]

We have demonstrated the passive detection of aneutron source equivalent to a significant quantity ofweapons-grade plutonium at a standoff distance of100 meters using a novel detection system. Thisbreakthrough relies on two innovations: neutron-sen-sitive scintillator detectors larger than 25 liters thatmaintain high detection and identification efficiency;and a technique to encode information about asource’s direction via time modulation. This is a firstwith a deployable system, establishing this Sandiatechnology as a useful tool for countering nuclearterrorism and smuggling. IHNS [RGND]

THE TIME-ENCODED imaging system installed in a 20-foottrailer for field tests, including the detection of a specialnuclear material equivalent source at 100 meters via its fis-sion neutron signature.

PaiboonTangyunyong(Pai), the co-inventor of a newtechnique forcounterfeit detec-tion of integratedcircuits, is the per-son most respon-sible for itsdevelopment,understanding itsunderlying sci-ence and discover-ing new applica-tions. He hasdemonstrated thetechnique to mul-tiple visitors,

including the assistant secretary of defense forresearch and engineering and the GovernmentAccountability Office’s chief scientist. He has alsoshown the technique’s capabilities at other govern-ment agencies that plan to implement it. The tech-nique was briefed to congressional committees. Thislatest accomplishment in counterfeit detection con-tinues a long history of contributions to the field ofFailure Analysis (FA), where Pai is recognized as aworld expert in laser-based FA techniques. He hasapplied these techniques for localization of defects insemiconductor devices manufactured at Sandia formultiple applications. In the past few years, Pai hasassumed a consulting role and mentored new staff forFA technology and product support in MESA.

PAIBOON TANGYUNYONG

Page 11Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

Sandia’s five-year Energy Frontier Research Centerfor Solid-State Lighting (SSL) science concluded in2014. The overarching theme of the center was “explor-ing energy conversion in tailored nanophotonic struc-tures.” Major accomplishments included synthesizingnew core/shell quantum dots with efficient light emis-sion, creating a microscopic model to explain LED effi-

ciency limits, perfecting a new optical diagnostic tool toidentify microscopic defects in working LEDs, demon-strating that lasers are a viable option for creating ultra-efficient SSL, and inventing a new approach to nanos-tructure fabrication — quantum size-controlledphotoelectrochemical etching. (1100,1700, 1800, 8300)EC [SSEF]

Sandia has pioneered the area of microsystems-enabledphotovoltaics (MEPV), which consist of independentlywired, microscale PV cells with microscale concentratinglenses, enabling shade tolerance and coarse sun tracking.MEPV will reduce the overall system cost of PV systems bya factor of two to three by using less high-cost PV materialand by using it more efficiently. Greg Nielson (1719) pre-sented this research as a keynote address to the ARPA-EMicroscale Concentrated Photovoltaic Workshop in May2014. (1700, 1100, 6100, 1500) EC [SSEF]

Sandia and the National Renewable Energy Laboratorywere selected by DOE to co-lead the Hydrogen FuelingInfrastructure Research and Station Technology (H2FIRST)project. Designed to help solve the infrastructure chal-lenges that fuel cell electric vehicles face, H2FIRST will pro-vide world-class technical facilities to demonstrate H2 refu-eling technologies and infrastructure. It will also work toreduce the cost and time of new fueling station constructionand improve the stations’ availability and reliability. Whiledrawing upon the Labs’ broader H2 expertise, Sandia’s Cen-ter for Infrastructure Research and Innovation (CIRI) willserve as one of H2FIRST’s primary hubs. (8300) EC [SSEF]

Research at Sandia is enabling the design of resilientelectric infrastructures to minimize the impacts of majorevents such as those caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012.Sandia partnered with New Jersey Transit on the concep-tual design of New Jersey TransitGrid, a microgrid to main-

tain electric train service in the region. This project resultedfrom a memorandum of understanding signed by DOE, thestate of New Jersey, and AMTRAK. Sandia’s design inputwas the basis for a Federal Transit Administration awardfunding a majority of the work. (6100) EC [SSEF]

Researchers Daniel Villa (6926), Howard Passell (0159),Will Peplinski (6926), Len Malczynski (159), Max Ottesen(6925), and facilities managers Jack Mizner and GeraldGallegos (both 4853) are using Sandia’s science and engi-neering expertise to reduce site-wide energy consumption.The resulting model, Institutional Transformation (IX),complements eQUEST, a DOE building modeling environ-ment. IX models capital or operational investments acrosshundreds of buildings, using customizable conservationmethods and renewable energy options. Planners canexperiment with different approaches across the entireinstitution and select strategies that save the most energy.(6900, 0100, 4800) EC [SSEF]

Clockwise from upper left: blue, green, red, and amber lasers combined to produce white light (Photo by Randy Montoya);nanowire LEDs; photonic-crystal laser arrays; calculated quantum-well wave functions; composition of CdSe/ZeSe quantumdots (Cd red, Se green, Zn blue).

BLAKE SIMMONS AND SEEMA SING at DOE’s Joint BioEnergyInstitute.

THIS APPROXIMATELY 100MW microgrid will provide power toregional rail transportation around Newark, New Jersey, andconnecting into Manhattan during blackouts and other criticalevents. The project is designed to also ensure continued elec-tricity to ferries, buses, and critical operations facilities.

Energy

Alan Kruizenga(8223) patented anovel high-tem-perature energystorage systemwith the poten-tial to cut thecost of thermalsolar power inhalf. Workingwith Concentrat-ing Solar Tech-nologies Dept.6123 in the ECPMU, Alan hasestablished sev-eral industrypartnerships pro-viding materials

characterization and analysis of molten nitrate saltsused as heat transfer fluids for concentrated solarpower and enhanced oil recovery applications.

Robert Barlow(8351) won theAlfred C. EgertonGold Medal atthe 35th Interna-tional Sympo-sium on Com-bustion. Robertwas honored forpioneering con-tributions tosimultaneouslaser diagnosticsand their appli-cation to theunderstanding ofturbulence-chemistry inter-actions in flames.

His work is leading to an improved understanding ofthe fundamental nature of turbulent combustion,which, in turn, helps provide detailed data sets fordeveloping and evaluating computer models that willeventually be used to design advanced combustionsystems for transportation and power generation.(8300) EC [SSEF]

ALAN KRUIZENGA

ROBERT BARLOW

While the powerful solvents known as ionic liquids(ILs) show great promise for improving the economics ofderiving advanced biofuels from lignocellulose, an evenmore promising candidate is on the horizon — bionicliquids. A team led by Blake Simmons (8610) and SeemaSingh (8634), working at DOE’s Joint BioEnergy Institute,has developed bionic liquids produced from lignin andhemicellulose, two byproducts of biofuel production. Sugaryields after pretreatment with these bionic liquids werecomparable to the yields obtained with the best-perform-ing imidazolium-based ILs, but the costs of the bionic liq-uids are much lower than those of the imidazolium-basedILs. (8600) EC [SSEF]

Page 12 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia’s Solar Glare HazardAnalysis Tool (SGHAT), a 2013R&D 100 Award winner, has beenused by more than 100 airports innearly 50 countries to safelydeploy photovoltaic systemswhile mitigating associated glarehazards. In FY14 Sandia helped toaddress glare issues reported bypilots flying over the world’slargest concentrating solar powerplant (Ivanpah). The use ofSGHAT is required by the FederalAviation Administration and DoDfor proposed solar energy installa-tions at all federally obligatedairports and DoD aviationoperations. (6100) EC [SSEF]

Energy

The Radioisotope Power Systems Launch Safety Projectcompleted two major milestones in FY15. The first was theNuclear Risk Assessment (NRA) for the launch of the nextnuclear-powered rover to Mars in 2020. The NRA serves asthe foundation of the Mars 2020 Environmental ImpactStatement that NASA issued on Nov. 6, 2014. The secondwas the Draft Safety Analysis Report for the Advanced Stir-ling Radioisotope Generator, which is a new nuclear bat-tery design. (6200. 1500, 5400) EC [SSEF]

The 3rd Compliance Recertification Application for theWaste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) was submitted for regu-latory approval onMarch 26, 2014.The applicationincluded numer-ous updates toimportant WIPPparameters andprocesses. NewSandia experimen-tal results allowedfor refined repre-sentation of WIPPwaste shearstrength andenhanced under-standing of ironcorrosion in WIPPconditions. A new staggered analysis approach was devel-oped that allows for transparent and direct determinationof regulatory compliance impacts, with enthusiastic recep-tion by DOE and EPA. (Center 6200) EC [SSEF]

Robotics

Sandia developed and delivered two robotic systemsin 2014. The first, the Advanced Ground Sample Collec-tion Platform, is a robotic system that allows operationalforces to perform radiation reconnaissance and groundsampling missions following a nuclear detonation. Thesecond, the Multiple Launch Rocket System robotic

demilitarization system, is deployed at the AnnistonArmy Depot to disassemble grenades from the warheadand remove the fuze assembly from each grenade body.Sandia has developed advanced automation solutions forhigh-consequence tasks and missions for a variety ofcustomers. (6500) IHNS [NAW]

Sandia staff made great contributions to the technicalbasis for the safe and secure long-term storage and trans-port of used nuclearfuel (UNF). This workincluded continueddevelopment of amodel to predicthydride formation inUNF cladding, under-standing if condi-tions are present toinitiate and supportstress corrosioncracking in canisters,quantifying thestrains UNF rodsexperience duringtransport, under-standing costs in dif-ferent large trans-portation scenarios,analyzing how tobest ensure security,and initiating anuncertainty quantifi-cation effort to focusfurther R&D. (6200,1800, 1400, 1500) EC[SSEF]

Susan Altmanled a team of 11Sandia scientistsand engineersworking with 19faculty at theUniversity ofTexas at Austinto complete thefive-year Centerfor Frontiers ofSubsurfaceEnergy Security(CFSES) EnergyFrontier ResearchCenter fundedby the DOEOffice of Science,studying multi-scale, multi-

physics processes in carbon sequestration. Susan thenled the crafting of the successful renewal proposal forfour additional years. Seventy-two peer reviewed arti-cles resulted from this work, including a cover articlein the Journal of Physical Chemistry. (6900)

SUSAN ALTMAN

COMPLAINTS OF GLARE from pilotsflying over the Ivanpah Solar ElectricGenerating System (left) were evalu-ated by Sandia and found to becaused by heliostats in standbymode (right). Sandia worked withNRG and Brightsource Energy toresolve the problem. (Photo by Randy Montoya)

SANDIA’S SURROGATE Used NuclearFuel Assembly is made up of 264rods, which typically containnuclear fuel pellets held together inthe rod cladding. Many of theseassemblies are being stored in drystorage canisters awaiting trans-portation to final disposal.

SANDIA VERTICAL FLUME facility usedto generate experimental data for theshear strength of surrogate WIPPwaste.

LANL AND SANDIA ROBOTS at the WIPP site for capabilitydemonstrations.

TWO ADVANCEDGROUND SampleCollection Platformsposed in front of an airsample collectionplatform.

While Sandia has served for decades as science adviserto DOE on matters pertaining to the Waste Isolation PilotPlant (WIPP), we were called upon this year to engage inout-of-the-ordinary ways to support the recovery of WIPPfollowing two incidents in the WIPP underground thatoccurred within nine days of each other — one a fire andthe other a radiation release. We collaborated with LosAlamos National Laboratory and offered robotics expertiseto facilitate the initial re-entry to the WIPP underground(assistance ultimately deemed not to be needed), and wesubsequently joined the WIPP Technical Assessment Team,a five-lab consortium chartered by the Secretary of Energyto investigate the causes of the radiation release and toassess the likely extent of condition. (6200, 6500, 2500,1500) EC [SSEF]

Page 13Labs Accomplishments • March 2015

HR, communications, finance, & legal

Division 8000 initiated a focus on boosting managers’skills in talent development. As a result, several strategicinitiatives were created and executed, including a leader-ship development workshop focused on Herzberg’s moti-vation theory, a succession planning pilot, difficult conver-sations training, and a comprehensive talent developmentmodel. The model has four focus areas: coaching and feed-back, mentoring, career development, and successiondevelopment. The model’s foundation is based on ongoingone-to-one dialogues with employees. The model wasintroduced at the December management offsite meeting,and will be followed by continued education in 2015.(8000) IMS [LF]

Executive leaders facilitated six formal mentoring ses-sions to share knowledge and discuss leadership compe-tencies through the Executive Roundtable Mentoring pro-gram. One hundred level-one managers participated,addressing topics such as enhancing customer relation-ships, developing political savvy, and leading change. Thethird-year program was launched for FY15 with 50 seniormanagers, with each participant partnered with a mentor.(3000) IMS [LF]

Sandia continues to make progress in building a diverseand inclusive environment. As part of that ongoing ini-tiative, Sandia leadership has championed the EffectiveLeadership of Inclusive Teams (ELOIT) awareness sessions.ELOIT is designed to create an environment where all indi-viduals can honestly explore their real questions, chal-lenges, and aspirations about diversity issues in their orga-nizations and lives. To date, almost half of Sandia’smanagement has participated in one of these sessions.Sandia will continue to offer ELOIT sessions with theintent to expand across the Laboratories. (3000) IMS [LF]

In partnership with Div. 9000, Human Resources auto-mated the New Hire Buddy Program, which resulted inthe hiring manager participation rate rising from 49 per-cent to 86 percent in FY14 and resulted in more than 900new hires being assigned mentorship buddies in FY14.(3000, 9000) IMS [LF]

Human Resources completed an evaluation of theSandia Required Training and reduced those trainingrequirements, yielding more than $300,000 of potentialsavings over a 12-month period from implementation.(3000) IMS [LF]

Sandia assumed leadership of the Contractor FinancialManagement Alliance (CFMA) effort in the DOE com-plex, with Sandians serving in chair and executive directorroles. The Sandia-managed CFMA website and clearing-house are cross-complex financial information resources.Over the past several months, the website has receivedsome 2,700 webpage views and the clearinghouse received18 requests for information and 140 responses. CFMA cre-ated a working group to explore opportunities for betterpricing. Additionally, CFMA initiated a benchmarkingeffort to establish baselines, define best practices, and iden-tify improvement opportunities. (10500) IMS [LF]

To amplify our national security impact, Sandia success-fully leverages social media as an essential component of theLabs’ external communications practices. In FY14, Sandiabecame the first US national lab verified on Twitter.Sandia’s social media was recognized with an Academy ofInteractive & Visual Arts award, selected from among morethan 6,000 companies and agencies of all sizes. Sandiasocial media was highlighted multiple times by analyticsservices, media, and social networks as among the mostengaged government content. During FY14, Sandia’s pres-ences saw a total average 38 percent growth in audience.(3600) IMS [LF]

Page 14 • Sandia Lab News Sandia National Laboratories

Department of Energy Secretary ErnestMoniz saw a need for an event to spot-light the extraordinary work conductedby DOE’s system of 17 national laborato-ries. The result was Lab Day on CapitolHill, in which Sandia played a key role.The successful event was very wellreceived by congressional attendees andprovided a better understanding of theinnovations that advance US technicaland economic competitiveness. In coor-dination with DOE, Sandia’s social mediaprovided heavy promotional supportbefore, during, and after the event. (7000,3600, 100, 01) IMS [LF]

USING 3-D TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICALSCIENCE — Scientist Dave Bushnell presents3-D models of the H1N1 virus to Rep. EddieBernice Johnson, Sen. Lisa Murkowski, and Sec-retary Ernest Moniz, each wearing 3-D glasses.Bushnell is one of many scientists that uses SLACLab’s X-ray light source user facilities to deter-mine the 3-D structures of proteins, atom byatom — a technique called protein crystallogra-phy. Determining the structures of proteins letsresearchers design optimal drugs, which aremolecules that have to fit into particular loca-tions on each protein.

SANDIA EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST Jon Pier (3334) says research supports the idea that short breaks throughout the day canaid in recovering posture, restoring energy, improving focus, and managing stress.

HBE launched Energy Hubs to boost productivity and energy. The Bldg. 810 café opened, a Guest Chef series waslaunched, and nutrition tracking barcodes were introduced to increase onsite options and healthy food choices.Tracks were added to the Health Action Plan program to address Sandia-specific health risks. A pension calculator wasintroduced to estimate benefits, “line of sight” was added to the ePMF to better align objectives, and a consumerismcampaign helped keep premiums low and assist employees with getting the most out of their benefits. (3300) IMS [LF]

Dynamic discounting was implemented, allowingSandia’s suppliers to voluntarily opt for discounted pay-ment terms using available Oracle features. In addition todiscounts already realized in negotiated contracts, theAccounts Payable Department has realized a cost savingsof some $46,000 since its implementation in June 2014.Dynamic discounting is projected to result in cost savingsof $135,000 in the next year as suppliers become betteracquainted with the early payment option. (10500)IMS [LF]

The Controller organization reacted swiftly to newcongressional language limiting LDRD tax on individualprojects. Sandia worked diligently to implement a newburden model for FY15 to minimize impacts to theLDRD program, while complying with proposed limits.The Controller organization incorporated the changesinto the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) disclosurestatement and promptly provided the cost impact analy-sis to NNSA, meeting NNSA’s deadline. (10500) IMS [LF]

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Labs Accomplishments • March 2015 Page 15

Tech Transfer

Governance, leadership, & management

Sandia is automating the revenue projection process forall of its programs. The Long Range Planning AutomationInitiative will work to improve Sandia’s ability to ensurethe appropriate workforce mix to carry out its missions.Currently two of the four Program Management Unitshave used an automated projection tool, which is nowbeing developed for Labs-wide use. (10600) IMS [LF]

The development of a project management frameworkthat enables a graded approach for implementing projectmanagement was completed. Several projects in their plan-ning or early execution stages have been identified forpilot testing using the framework over the next year. A keyattribute of the framework includes a review to determinethe appropriate project management “level-of-rigor.” Thiseffort was discussed with the Sandia Corporation Board ofDirectors’ Governance subcommittee. (10600) IMS [LF]

After receiving notice in March 2014 that the prime con-tract between Lockheed Martin and DOE/NNSA would notbe put out for competitive bid but would be extended, ateam consisting of members from Organization 3, Divi-sions 3000, 10000, and 11000 and Lockheed Martin wasformed. The team worked with a short deadline preparinginformation and negotiating complex and importantissues between Lockheed Martin, DOE/NNSA, and Sandia.On April 30, 2014, a contract extension was signed extend-ing the contract to April 30, 2016, with an optional one-year extension. (11000) IMS [LF]

The Facilities Man-agement and Oper-ations Center’s JulieCordero (4879) wasnamed Sandia’sofficial nominee forthe 2014 HENAACCommunityService Award.As Sandia’s firstfemale fire marshal,Julie frequentlyforges her ownpath and serves asan inspiration toothers. Whether asa coach, mentor,public speaker, orfriend, Julie is

actively involved in the community. Her current sup-port includes work with the New Mexico ProfessionalChapter of the Society of Hispanic Professional Engi-neers (SHPE), Petroglyph Elementary Science Fair, andSandia’s Hispanic Leadership Outreach Committee(including Manos, HENAAC College Bowl, and theHispanic Heritage Month Committee).

JULIE CORDERO

Eden Radioisotopes, an Albu-querque startup company, hasentered into an exclusive licensingagreement with Sandia to use Sandiatechnology to solve the world’smedical radioisotope shortage cri-sis. Mo-99 is a key isotope whosedaughter product, Tc-99, is usedalmost exclusively in nuclear medi-cine diagnostic imaging. With ahalf-life of 66 hours, Mo-99 mustbe continuously made to meet theworld demand. Sandia holds apatent pending on a new nuclearreactor concept that allows forMo-99 to be made economically,safely, and reliably. (1300) IHNS[RGND]

Establishment of the CounterfeitDetection Center (CDC) at Sandiaoptimizes R&D capabilities to sup-port the national security commu-nity. Multiple Sandia organizationsinvolved in programs, research,finance, facilities, and securitydeveloped a strategy to repurposean existing building. Sandia part-nered with a consortium of govern-ment sponsors to optimize the loca-tion of R&D capabilities residing invarious “shoebox” locationsthroughout Tech Area 1. Joint cus-tomer investments in infrastructureresulted in co-location of six capa-bilities into one physical location.The success was realized throughcommunity vision, commitment,and collaboration. (4200, 4800,5600, 5900, 10500) [Cyber]

THROUGH JOINT CUSTOMER invest-ment in infrastructure, six capabilitieswere co-located in one physical loca-tion in Sandia Tech Area 1.

Sandia materials researchersRoger Rasberry and GarthRohr helped Apache FireIndustries, a New Mexicosmall business, resolve issuesrelated to developing the FireAnt, a device designed to helpsave firefighters’ lives by illu-minating a path out of smoke-filled environments. The FireAnt is a hose-coupler withLEDs that activate uponimpact as a fire hose isdeployed. Colored LEDs assistfirefighters understand theirlocation in the hazardousenvironment. Fire Ant is beingtested by the Chicago FireDepartment. (1800) [LDI]

DICK COATS, right, Eden Radioiso-topes’s chief technology officer and aretired Sandian, talks science withnuclear engineer John Ford (1381) atthe Annular Core Research Reactor,where they helped develop a molyb-denum-99 reactor concept in the1990s. Eden recently licensed thetechnology with the goal of produc-ing a US supply of moly 99 for use innuclear medicine.

(Photo by Randy Montoya)

SEAN KEARNEY studies jet flames with laser diagnos-tics to make temperature and soot measurements ofthe heat released from a fire onto a weapon system. (Photo by Randy Montoya)