Lahore

WELCOME and MABUHAY ! WELCOME and MABUHAY !

Mr. VirGILio G. GundayaoMr. VirGILio G. Gundayao, MBA/MPA, MBA/MPAExec. Dir., Graft-Free PhilippinesExec. Dir., Graft-Free Philippines, a national project of , a national project of PhilippinePhilippine Jaycee SenateJaycee Senate

2004 Exec. Director, Junior Chamber International (JCI) Phils.2004 Exec. Director, Junior Chamber International (JCI) Phils.

Immediate Past Exec. Director, JC Leaders InternationalImmediate Past Exec. Director, JC Leaders International

Ex-AMO, CSC Ex-AMO, CSC Mamamayan Muna, Hindi Mamaya Na! Mamamayan Muna, Hindi Mamaya Na! ProgramProgram

WELCOME & MABUHAY ! ! !WELCOME & MABUHAY ! ! !

The Legislative Administration The Legislative Administration

of the House of Representatives (LA-HOR)of the House of Representatives (LA-HOR) January 2013 * (Saturday 8:00 AM – 11:00 AM)January 2013 * (Saturday 8:00 AM – 11:00 AM)

PUP-Graduate School, Sta. Mesa, ManilaPUP-Graduate School, Sta. Mesa, Manila

WE greatly acknowledge WE greatly acknowledge a a compleatcompleat GURU GURU

Prof. JUAN C. BIRION, DPAProf. JUAN C. BIRION, DPAPUP Vice-President, Student ServicesPUP Vice-President, Student Services

3 BRANCHES of the

GOVERNMENT

LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

Principle of SEPARATION OF POWERSPrinciple of SEPARATION OF POWERS

- each government branch is not permitted - each government branch is not permitted to encroach upon the powers confided to others. to encroach upon the powers confided to others. Arbitrary rule would result if the same body is to Arbitrary rule would result if the same body is to exercise all the powers of the government. exercise all the powers of the government.

..

Principle of CHECKS AND BALANCESPrinciple of CHECKS AND BALANCES

- authorizing a considerable amount of encroachment or - authorizing a considerable amount of encroachment or checking by one branch in the affairs of the others. Each checking by one branch in the affairs of the others. Each branch is given certain powers with which to check the branch is given certain powers with which to check the others.others.

Pres.may disapprove bills enacted by CongressPres.may disapprove bills enacted by Congress Congress may reject appointments by the Pres.Congress may reject appointments by the Pres. Judiciary may declare unconstitutional laws enacted by the Judiciary may declare unconstitutional laws enacted by the

Congress. Congress.

The Philippine CongressThe Philippine CongressThe The Philippine CongressPhilippine Congress is the country’s is the country’s legislative departmentlegislative department (Art. VI, Sec. 1) (Art. VI, Sec. 1)

Congress is Congress is bicameralbicameral Upper House: Upper House: SenateSenate Lower House: Lower House: House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

N.B.: N.B.: Senators are CongressmenSenators are Congressmen

ARTICLE VI (1987 Constitution)ARTICLE VI (1987 Constitution)The House of RepresentativesThe House of Representatives

SECTION 1.SECTION 1. (Art. VI, 1987 Phil. Const.)(Art. VI, 1987 Phil. Const.)

(up to Section 32 thereof) (up to Section 32 thereof)

The legislative power shall be vested in the The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate and a House of consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives ….Representatives ….

Administrative Code of 1987 Administrative Code of 1987 (E.O. 292)(E.O. 292)

Sec. 2. Seat of Legislative Power.Sec. 2. Seat of Legislative Power.

Sec. 3. Inhibitions Against Members of Congress.Sec. 3. Inhibitions Against Members of Congress.

Sec. 4. Electoral Tribunal.Sec. 4. Electoral Tribunal.

Sec. 5. Commission on Appointments. Sec. 5. Commission on Appointments.

Sec. 6. Legislative Investigation. Sec. 6. Legislative Investigation.

Sec. 7. Appearance of Heads of Departments.Sec. 7. Appearance of Heads of Departments.

Sec. 8. Initiative and Referendum.Sec. 8. Initiative and Referendum.

Sec. 9. Power to Propose Const. Amendments.Sec. 9. Power to Propose Const. Amendments.

Sec. 10. Validity of Constitutional Amendments.Sec. 10. Validity of Constitutional Amendments.

Congressional (Legislative) PowerCongressional (Legislative) Power(1) Constitutional mandate to create, (1) Constitutional mandate to create,

pass, repeal lawspass, repeal laws

Philippine Law-MakingPhilippine Law-Making(basic process)

Philippine Law-MakingPhilippine Law-Making(basic process)

Preparation of the Bill

First Reading Committee Action

Second Reading

Third Reading

Transmittal to Senate

Senate Action

Bicameral Conference Committee

Transmittal to President

Presidential Action

Action on Approved Bill

Action on Vetoed Bill

Senate goes through three readings; can be a parallel process

2 Kinds of members of House of Representatives2 Kinds of members of House of Representatives

1.) District Representative1.) District Representative – elected directly and – elected directly and personally from the territorial unit he is seeking personally from the territorial unit he is seeking to represent. to represent.

2.) Party-list Representative2.) Party-list Representative – chosen indirectly, – chosen indirectly, through the party he represents, which is the one through the party he represents, which is the one voted for by the electorate. This is to give an voted for by the electorate. This is to give an opportunity to weak sectors to have their voices opportunity to weak sectors to have their voices heard.heard.

(2) Represents the people(2) Represents the people

SECTION 6.SECTION 6.No person shall be a No person shall be a Member of the House Member of the House of Representativesof Representatives unless he is a natural- unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines and, on the born citizen of the Philippines and, on the day of the election, is at least day of the election, is at least twenty-five twenty-five years of ageyears of age, able to read and write, and, , able to read and write, and, except the party-list representatives, a except the party-list representatives, a registered voter in the district in which he registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereof for shall be elected, and a resident thereof for a period of not less than one year a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the immediately preceding the day of the electionelection..

SECTION 7.SECTION 7.

The Members of the The Members of the House of House of RepresentativesRepresentatives shall be elected for a shall be elected for a term term of three yearsof three years … …

No member of the House of Representatives No member of the House of Representatives shall serve for more than shall serve for more than three consecutive three consecutive termsterms……


A Senator or Member of the House of A Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in all offenses Representatives shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged imprisonment, be privileged from arrestfrom arrest while the Congress is in session. No while the Congress is in session. No Member shall be questioned nor be held Member shall be questioned nor be held liable in any other place for any liable in any other place for any speech or speech or debatedebate in the Congress or in any in the Congress or in any committee thereof.committee thereof.

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

SenatorsSenators 43,000 basic monthly salary (516,000 per annum)43,000 basic monthly salary (516,000 per annum) 1.3 M for salaries of staff (15.6 M per annum)1.3 M for salaries of staff (15.6 M per annum) 200 M Pork Barrel Funds200 M Pork Barrel Funds Travel and other allowancesTravel and other allowances 216.116 Million Pesos 216.116 Million Pesos

Salaries Salaries (refer to the adjusted SSL)(refer to the adjusted SSL)

FREEDOM from ARRESTFREEDOM from ARREST offenses punishable by not more than six offenses punishable by not more than six

years imprisonmentyears imprisonment while Congress is in sessionwhile Congress is in session

FREEDOM of SPEECH and DEBATEFREEDOM of SPEECH and DEBATE remarks must be made in connection with the remarks must be made in connection with the

discharge of official duties. discharge of official duties. while Congress is in sessionwhile Congress is in session

(3) Investigative powers(3) Investigative powers

Reason for the congressional privileges…Reason for the congressional privileges…

To enable members of Congress to discharge To enable members of Congress to discharge their functions adequately and without fear. It is their functions adequately and without fear. It is true that the privileges may be abused. true that the privileges may be abused. However, the harm which would come from its However, the harm which would come from its abuse is considered slight compared to that abuse is considered slight compared to that which might arise if the privileges were not which might arise if the privileges were not given.given.


All Members of the Senate and the House All Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall, upon assumption of Representatives shall, upon assumption of office, make of office, make a full disclosure of their a full disclosure of their financial and business interestsfinancial and business interests… They … They shall notify the House concerned of a shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise potential conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authorswhich they are authors..


No Senator or Member of the House of No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may hold any other office Representatives may hold any other office or employment in the Government…or employment in the Government…during his term without forfeiting his seat. during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office Neither shall he be appointed to any office which may have been created or the which may have been created or the emoluments thereof increased during the emoluments thereof increased during the term for which he was elected.term for which he was elected.

INCOMPATIBLE OFFICEINCOMPATIBLE OFFICEOffice which mat not be held by a member Office which mat not be held by a member

of a Congress outside the legislative department. of a Congress outside the legislative department. There is a need for members to devote their time There is a need for members to devote their time and attention to the discharge of their legislative and attention to the discharge of their legislative responsibilities.responsibilities.

FORBIDDEN OFFICEFORBIDDEN OFFICEOffice which a member of a Congress may Office which a member of a Congress may

not be a beneficiary by reason of being a not be a beneficiary by reason of being a participant when said office was created. Hence, a participant when said office was created. Hence, a member of Congress shall not be eligible for member of Congress shall not be eligible for appointment to such office even if he resigns.appointment to such office even if he resigns.


The Congress shall convene once every year The Congress shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its on the fourth Monday of July for its

regular sessionregular session, …and shall continue to be , …and shall continue to be in session for such number of days as it may in session for such number of days as it may determine until thirty days before the determine until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. The President may call a The President may call a special sessionspecial session at at any time.any time.


(1) The (1) The SenateSenate shall elect its shall elect its PresidentPresident and and the the House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives its its SpeakerSpeaker, , by a majority vote of all its respective by a majority vote of all its respective Members.Members.

(2) A majority of each House shall (2) A majority of each House shall constitute a constitute a quorumquorum to do business… to do business…

(3) Each House may determine the (3) Each House may determine the rules of its rules of its proceedingsproceedings, punish its Members for , punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member. A Members, suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall not exceed sixty days.not exceed sixty days.

(4) Each House shall keep a (4) Each House shall keep a JournalJournal of its of its proceedings, and from time to time publish proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in its the same, excepting such parts as may, in its judgment, affect national security…judgment, affect national security…

(4) Judicial ‘capacity(4) Judicial ‘capacity’’

QUORUMQUORUM

- a number of membership which is competent to - a number of membership which is competent to transact its business; is at least one-half plus one transact its business; is at least one-half plus one of the members of a body. of the members of a body.

LEGISATIVE JOURNALLEGISATIVE JOURNAL

- the official record of what is done and passed in a - the official record of what is done and passed in a legislative assembly and the proceedings occurred legislative assembly and the proceedings occurred from day to day.from day to day.


The Senate and the House of The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Representatives shall each have an Electoral TribunalElectoral Tribunal which shall be the sole which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members… their respective Members…


There shall be a There shall be a Commission on Commission on AppointmentsAppointments… shall act on all … shall act on all appointments submitted to it…appointments submitted to it…


The Senate or the House of The Senate or the House of Representatives or any of its respective Representatives or any of its respective committees may conduct committees may conduct inquiries in aid inquiries in aid of legislationof legislation in accordance with its duly in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in or affected by of persons appearing in or affected by such inquiries shall be respected.such inquiries shall be respected.

SECTION 26.SECTION 26.No No billbill passed by either House passed by either House shall become shall become a lawa law unless it has passed unless it has passed three readingsthree readings on on separate days, and printed copies thereof in separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to its its final form have been distributed to its Members three days before its passage… Members three days before its passage… Upon the last reading of a bill, no Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken immediately vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.the Journal.

Steps in the Passage of a BillSteps in the Passage of a BillFirst ReadingFirst Reading

- reading of the number, title of the measure - reading of the number, title of the measure and name of the authorand name of the author

Second ReadingSecond Reading

- the bill is read in its entirety, scrutinized , - the bill is read in its entirety, scrutinized , debated upon and amended when desireddebated upon and amended when desired

Third ReadingThird Reading

- members merely register their votes and - members merely register their votes and explain them. No further debate is allowed.explain them. No further debate is allowed.

SECTION 27.SECTION 27. Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President. If he becomes a law, be presented to the President. If he approves the same, he shall sign it; otherwise, he approves the same, he shall sign it; otherwise, he shall veto it and return the same with his objections to shall veto it and return the same with his objections to the House where it originated, which shall enter the the House where it originated, which shall enter the objections at large in its Journal and proceed to objections at large in its Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the Members of such House shall agree to pass of all the Members of such House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent…to the other House by which the bill, it shall be sent…to the other House by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the Members of that House, it shall two-thirds of all the Members of that House, it shall become a law… The President shall communicate his become a law… The President shall communicate his veto of any bill to the House where it originated veto of any bill to the House where it originated within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.

GAA APPROPRIATIONS 2011 & 2012(Amount, In thousand pesos)

FY 2012CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES................................P 9,370,140

Senate..........................................................2,853,289 Senate Electoral Tribunal........................... 105,734 Commission on Appointments........................442,971 House of Representatives...........................5,842,073 House Electoral Tribunal............................... 126,073

FY 2011CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES....................................P 8,491,338 Senate........................................................... 2,620,077 Senate Electoral Tribunal............................... 95,730 Commission on Appointments........................ 386,341 House of Representatives............................ 5,277,094 House Electoral Tribunal.............................. 112,096

(5) Can make or break governments(5) Can make or break governments

3 ways when a bill may become a law3 ways when a bill may become a law

1.) When the President approves the bill by 1.) When the President approves the bill by signing it.signing it.

2.) When the President vetoes the bill and 2.) When the President vetoes the bill and the same is overriden by 2/3 votes of all the same is overriden by 2/3 votes of all the members of both Houses.the members of both Houses.

3.) When the President does not 3.) When the President does not communicate his veto within 30 days communicate his veto within 30 days after the date of receipt.after the date of receipt.

Philippine House of Representatives14thCongress

•Total members: 269•Representation: 217 (81%) District; 52 (19%) Sectoral•Term Profile: 148 (55%), 1stterm; 54 (20%), 2ndterm; 67 (25%), 3rdterm•Sex:202 (75%), male; 56 (21%) female•Organization: Speaker, Deputy Speakers, Majority Leader, Minority Leader•Committees: 58 Standing Committees; 12 Special Committees

http://www.congress.gov.ph/index.php

(6) Recruitment and socialization(6) Recruitment and socialization

How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law

~House of Representatives~

1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading

DebateReferral to Committee

DebateReferral to Committee




~Senate~





~Senate~


BICAMERAL COMMITTEE




~Senate~


President





PresidentAPPROVE VETO

30 DAY PERIOD

LEDAC MEMBERSHIP

Parliamentary PrivilegesParliamentary PrivilegesCongressmen have Congressmen have two parliamentary privileges two parliamentary privileges while Congress is while Congress is in sessionin session::

1.1. Privilege from Privilege from arrestarrest Immunity Immunity from from offenses offenses punishable by not more punishable by not more

than than six years imprisonmentsix years imprisonment

2.2. Privilege of Privilege of speech speech and and debatedebate Immunity Immunity from from libel libel and and slanderslander

TransparencyTransparency

Elected Congressmen must:Elected Congressmen must:

1.1. Fully Fully disclose disclose their their financial financial and and business business interestsinterests

2.2. Disclose Disclose potential potential conflicts of interests conflicts of interests that arise that arise in the course of in the course of legislationlegislation

3.3. Keep fromKeep from any any other officeother office or or employmentemployment (appointed or otherwise), (appointed or otherwise), forfeit forfeit his/her his/her seat seat to to do sodo so

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress

1.1. AppointmentAppointment of Public Officials of Public Officials

2.2. Legislative Legislative inquiryinquiry and and investigationinvestigation

3.3. DeclareDeclare the existence of a the existence of a state of warstate of war

4.4. RatifyRatify the country’s international the country’s international treaties treaties ((SenateSenate))

5.5. AuthorizeAuthorize limited limited emergency powersemergency powers for the Presidentfor the President

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress6.6. ApproveApprove the government the government budgetbudget

7.7. Undertake Undertake projects projects under the under the CDFCDF

8.8. Propose, review, and adopt Propose, review, and adopt bills bills for enactment for enactment into into lawlaw

9.9. OverturnOverturn a Presidential a Presidential veto veto with respect to with respect to proposed legislationproposed legislation

10.10. Allow for Allow for referendareferenda

11.11. Propose Propose amendmentsamendments to the to the constitution and constitution and call call for a for a constitutional conventionconstitutional convention

HOR SecretariatHOR SecretariatVISION & STRATEGIC DIRECTIONSVISION & STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

VISIONVISION

The Secretariat of the House of The Secretariat of the House of Representatives is an Representatives is an organization of career organization of career public servantspublic servants providing providing comprehensive, comprehensive, strategic, innovative, efficient, ethical and citizen-strategic, innovative, efficient, ethical and citizen-friendly servicesfriendly services to the House of Representatives, to the House of Representatives, its Members and the general public, and its Members and the general public, and committed to sustaining a work culture of committed to sustaining a work culture of excellence, continuous learning, transparency and excellence, continuous learning, transparency and accountabilityaccountability..

HOR Strategic Directions•A shared understanding, appreciation, and actualization of the Secretariat vision for a more energized performance of functions by all personnel.•Rationalizing the systems and processes, functions and organizational structure of the Secretariat.•Strengthening the linkage between Planning and Budget systems of the institution towards the optimum utilization of available resources.•Diversification of training and development programs.•Intensified use of information and communication technology for more efficient and effective delivery of organization services.•Institutionalizing mechanisms for regular interfaces of the House leadership and the Secretariat for information sharing on legislative and Secretariat concerns, and•Establishing communication and feedback mechanisms to strengthen public participation in the legislative process towards an aggressive positive projection of House image.

THE HOUSE SECRETARIATTHE HOUSE SECRETARIAT

The Secretariat provides the Members of The Secretariat provides the Members of the House with adequate, timely, relevant and the House with adequate, timely, relevant and efficient administrative and technical efficient administrative and technical assistance and support to enable them to assistance and support to enable them to perform their legislative tasks and constituent perform their legislative tasks and constituent responsibilities.responsibilities.

The Secretariat is headed by the The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary General. In the discharge of his . In the discharge of his duties and responsibilities, he is assisted by:duties and responsibilities, he is assisted by:

The Deputy Secretary General for OperationsThe Deputy Secretary General for Operations The Deputy Secretary General for Committee AffairsThe Deputy Secretary General for Committee Affairs The Deputy Secretary General for AdministrationThe Deputy Secretary General for Administration The Deputy Secretary General for FinanceThe Deputy Secretary General for Finance The Deputy Secretary General for Internal AuditThe Deputy Secretary General for Internal Audit The Deputy Secretary General for Engineering and Physical FacilitiesThe Deputy Secretary General for Engineering and Physical Facilities The Deputy Secretary General for Legal AffairsThe Deputy Secretary General for Legal Affairs The Director-General for the Congressional Planning & Budget ResearchThe Director-General for the Congressional Planning & Budget Research

Congressional Budget Service, Congressional Budget Service, Congressional Economic Planning ServiceCongressional Economic Planning Service Special Projects Service, which provides technical assistance to the Legislative Special Projects Service, which provides technical assistance to the Legislative

Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC) and assists in the Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC) and assists in the formulation of the legislative agenda of the House of Representatives.formulation of the legislative agenda of the House of Representatives.

The Deputy Secretary General for Legislative Information Resources The Deputy Secretary General for Legislative Information Resources ManagementManagement Congressional Library BureauCongressional Library Bureau Archives and Musuem Management BureauArchives and Musuem Management Bureau

The following offices are under the Secretary General:The following offices are under the Secretary General:

The Inter-Parliamentary Relations and Special Affairs The Inter-Parliamentary Relations and Special Affairs BureauBureau Inter-Parliamentary Relations and Travel Service, Inter-Parliamentary Relations and Travel Service, Protocol and Special Affairs ServiceProtocol and Special Affairs Service Executive LoungesExecutive Lounges

Knowledge Management Systems BureauKnowledge Management Systems Bureau Information and Communication Technology Service, Information and Communication Technology Service, Planning and Management Information ServicePlanning and Management Information Service

Public Relations and Information Bureau Publishing and Design Service, Publishing and Design Service, Media Affairs and Public Information ServiceMedia Affairs and Public Information Service Public Affairs ServicePublic Affairs Service

Legislative LimitationsLegislative Limitations

Congress may not:Congress may not:

1.1. Increase appropriationsIncrease appropriations recommended by the recommended by the executive branchexecutive branch

2.2. Pass tax exemptionsPass tax exemptions without the concurrence of without the concurrence of a majority of its membersa majority of its members

3.3. Grant Grant titlestitles of of nobilitynobility

4.4. Pass Pass ex post facto billsex post facto bills

5.5. Pass Pass bills of attainderbills of attainder

The HOR Committees: 58 Standing The HOR Committees: 58 Standing and 11 Special and 11 Special Committees (under Sections 27 & 28, HOR Rules)Committees (under Sections 27 & 28, HOR Rules)

STANDING COMMITTEES (58)STANDING COMMITTEES (58)

ACCOUNTS, 55 Members, chaired by Noel, Florencio , 55 Members, chaired by Noel, Florencio

AGRARIAN REFORM, 40 Members, chaired by Teves, Pryde Henry A., 40 Members, chaired by Teves, Pryde Henry A.

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, 65 Members, chaired by Mendoza, Mark Llandro L., 65 Members, chaired by Mendoza, Mark Llandro L.

APPROPRIATIONS, 125 Members, chaired by Abaya, Joseph Emilio A., 125 Members, chaired by Abaya, Joseph Emilio A.

AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES RESOURCES, 55 Members, chaired by Salimbangon, , 55 Members, chaired by Salimbangon, Benhur L.Benhur L.

BANKS AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES, 45 Members, by Apostol, Sergio F., 45 Members, by Apostol, Sergio F.

BASIC EDUCATION AND CULTURE, 65 Members, by (Escudero, Salvador III ), 65 Members, by (Escudero, Salvador III )

CIVIL SERVICE & PROFESSIONAL REGULATION, 35 Members, chaired by Salvacion, , 35 Members, chaired by Salvacion, Andres Jr. Andres Jr.

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS, 35 Members, chaired by Ocampos, Loreto S., 35 Members, chaired by Ocampos, Loreto S.

COOPERATIVES DEVELOPMENT, , 25 Members, chaired by Ping-ay, Jose R.25 Members, chaired by Ping-ay, Jose R.

DANGEROUS DRUGS, 45 Members, chaired by Belmonte, Vicente Jr. F., 45 Members, chaired by Belmonte, Vicente Jr. F.

ECOLOGY, 35 Members, chaired by Fernandez, Danilo Ramon S. ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, 35 Members, chaired by Durano, Ramon VI H.ENERGY, 65 Members, chaired by Abad, Henedina R.ETHICS AND PRIVILEGES, 25 Members, chaired by Aumentado, Erico B.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 55 Members, chaired by Bichara, Al Francis DC.GAMES AND AMUSEMENTS, 65 Members, chaired by Bagatsing, Amado S.GOOD GOVERNMENT & PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY, 45 Members, chaired by Treñas, Jerry P.GOV’T ENTERPRISES & PRIVATIZATION, 35 Members, chaired by Fabian,

Erico Basilio A.GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION, 25 Members, chaired by Jalosjos, Cesar HEALTH, 65 Members, chaired by Marañon, Alfredo III D.

HIGHER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION, 65 Members, chaired by Angara, Juan Edgardo M.

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, 55 Members, chaired by Valencia, Rodolfo G.

HUMAN RIGHTS, 35 Members, chaired by Relampagos, Rene INFO. & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, 55 Members, chaired by Tinga,

Sigfrido R.

NATIONAL CULTURAL COMMUNITIES, 25 Members, chaired by Brawner , 25 Members, chaired by Brawner Baguilat, Teddy Jr.Baguilat, Teddy Jr.

NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY, 65 Members, chaired by Biazon, Rodolfo , 65 Members, chaired by Biazon, Rodolfo

NATURAL RESOURCES, 65 Members, chaired by Matugas, Francisco 'Lalo' T., 65 Members, chaired by Matugas, Francisco 'Lalo' T.

OVERSEAS WORKERS AFFAIRS, 35 Members, chaired by Bello, Walden F., 35 Members, chaired by Bello, Walden F.

PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION, 25 Members, chaired by Asilo, Benjamin DR., 25 Members, chaired by Asilo, Benjamin DR.

POPULATION AND FAMILY RELATIONS, 25 Members, chaired by Espina, , 25 Members, chaired by Espina, Rogelio J.,M.D.Rogelio J.,M.D.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION, 25 Members, chaired by Mendoza, Raymond , 25 Members, chaired by Mendoza, Raymond Democrito C.Democrito C.

INTERPARLIAMENTARY RELATIONS & DIPLOMACY, 45 Members, chaired by Ortega, Victor Francisco C.

JUSTICE, 55 Members, chaired by Tupas, Niel Jr. C.LABOR & EMPLOYMENT, 40 Members, chaired by Ong, Emil LEGISLATIVE FRANCHISES, 45 Members, chaired by Teodoro, Marcelino RLOCAL GOVERNMENT, 55 Members, chaired by Arnaiz, George P.METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT, 30 Members, chaired by Ejercito, JVictor G.MINDANAO AFFAIRS, 60 Members, chaired by Go, Arnulfo F.MUSLIM AFFAIRS, 20 Members, chaired by Loong, Tupay T.

PUBLIC INFORMATION, 35 Members, chaired by Evardone, Ben P., 35 Members, chaired by Evardone, Ben P.

PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY, 55 Members, chaired by Garcia, Pablo John F., 55 Members, chaired by Garcia, Pablo John F.

PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS, 95 Members, chaired by Cosalan, Ronald M., 95 Members, chaired by Cosalan, Ronald M.

REVISION OF LAWS, 25 Members, chaired by Primicias-Agabas, Marlyn L., 25 Members, chaired by Primicias-Agabas, Marlyn L.

RULES, 30 Members, chaired by Gonzales, Neptali II M. (Majority Leader), 30 Members, chaired by Gonzales, Neptali II M. (Majority Leader)

RURAL DEVELOPMENT, 25 Members, chaired by Enverga, Wilfrido Mark M., 25 Members, chaired by Enverga, Wilfrido Mark M.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 35 Members, chaired by Ledesma, Julio IV A., 35 Members, chaired by Ledesma, Julio IV A.

SMALL BUSINESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEV’T, 25 Members, chaired by Casiño, Teddy , 25 Members, chaired by Casiño, Teddy A.A.

SOCIAL SERVICES, 35 Members, chaired by Robes, Arturo B., 35 Members, chaired by Robes, Arturo B.

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTORAL REFORMS, 35 Members, chaired by Barzaga, Elpidio Jr. , 35 Members, chaired by Barzaga, Elpidio Jr.

TOURISM, 55 Members, chaired by Miraflores, Florencio T., 55 Members, chaired by Miraflores, Florencio T.

TRADE AND INDUSTRY, 55 Members, chaired by Garcia, Albert Raymond S., 55 Members, chaired by Garcia, Albert Raymond S.

TRANSPORTATION, 85 Members, chaired by Mercado, Roger G., 85 Members, chaired by Mercado, Roger G.

VETERANS AFFAIRS AND WELFARE, 30 Members, chaired by Roman, Herminia B.VETERANS AFFAIRS AND WELFARE, 30 Members, chaired by Roman, Herminia B.

WAYS AND MEANS, 75 Members, chaired by Ungab, Isidro T.WAYS AND MEANS, 75 Members, chaired by Ungab, Isidro T.

WELFARE OF CHILDREN, 20 Members, chaired by Enerio-Cerilles, AuroraWELFARE OF CHILDREN, 20 Members, chaired by Enerio-Cerilles, Aurora

WOMEN AND GENDER EQUALITY, 55 Members, chaired by Amante-Matba, Angelica WOMEN AND GENDER EQUALITY, 55 Members, chaired by Amante-Matba, Angelica

YOUTH AND SPORTS DEVELOPMENT, 35 Members, chaired by Unico, Renato Jr. J.YOUTH AND SPORTS DEVELOPMENT, 35 Members, chaired by Unico, Renato Jr. J.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES (11)SPECIAL COMMITTEES (11)(under Sec. 33, HOR Rules)(under Sec. 33, HOR Rules)

BASES CONVERSION, Agyao, Manuel S.BASES CONVERSION, Agyao, Manuel S. BICOL RECOVERY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, Fortuno, Salvio B.BICOL RECOVERY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, Fortuno, Salvio B.

EAST ASEAN GROWTH AREA, Arenas, Ma. Rachel J.EAST ASEAN GROWTH AREA, Arenas, Ma. Rachel J. FOOD SECURITY, Guanlao, Agapito H.FOOD SECURITY, Guanlao, Agapito H.

GLOBALIZATION AND WTO, Cajayon, Mary Mitzi L.GLOBALIZATION AND WTO, Cajayon, Mary Mitzi L. LAND USE, Ferrer, Jeffrey P.LAND USE, Ferrer, Jeffrey P.

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, Marcos, Imelda R.MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, Marcos, Imelda R. NORTH LUZON GROWTH QUADRANGLE, Dalog, Maximo B.NORTH LUZON GROWTH QUADRANGLE, Dalog, Maximo B.

PEACE, RECONCILIATION AND UNITY, Sacdalan, Jesus N.PEACE, RECONCILIATION AND UNITY, Sacdalan, Jesus N. REFORESTATION, Yu, Victor J.REFORESTATION, Yu, Victor J. SOUTHERN TAGALOG DEVELOPMENT, Rodriguez, Isidro Jr. S.SOUTHERN TAGALOG DEVELOPMENT, Rodriguez, Isidro Jr. S.

The Party ListThe Party List

Selected Problems & IssuesSelected Problems & Issues

1.1. Political DynastyPolitical Dynasty

2.2. Oversight FunctionOversight Function

3.3. ImpeachmentImpeachment

4.4. CDF/PDAF or Pork BarrelCDF/PDAF or Pork Barrel

5.5. Party SystemParty System

Political Dynasty/iesPolitical Dynasty/iesHow did they emerge?How did they emerge?

Political dynasties are observed to have began Political dynasties are observed to have began in the early 20th century during the American in the early 20th century during the American colonial period when voting was limited to colonial period when voting was limited to rich and landed Filipinos who monopolized rich and landed Filipinos who monopolized public office. In other words, the public office. In other words, the lopsided lopsided structure of opportunitiesstructure of opportunities and and the social and the social and economic inequalitieseconomic inequalities allow a few --both in allow a few --both in the administration and opposition --to the administration and opposition --to monopolize wealth and political powermonopolize wealth and political power..

How did they emerge?How did they emerge?

Today, political dynasties are supposed to be Today, political dynasties are supposed to be

prohibited by the Constitution. Sec. 26 Art. II prohibited by the Constitution. Sec. 26 Art. II

of the 1987 Constitution states:of the 1987 Constitution states:

" The State shall guarantee equal access to " The State shall guarantee equal access to

opportunities for public service, and prohibit opportunities for public service, and prohibit

political dynasties as may be defined by lawpolitical dynasties as may be defined by law ."."

How did they emerge?How did they emerge? Though this prohibition does exist, an enabling Though this prohibition does exist, an enabling

law is needed . Since 1987, the anti-political law is needed . Since 1987, the anti-political dynasty bills filed never got to first base. Why? dynasty bills filed never got to first base. Why? Most lawmakers from the administration and Most lawmakers from the administration and opposition oppose the Constitutional ban on opposition oppose the Constitutional ban on political dynasties because they too, come from political dynasties because they too, come from political dynasties and clans, which have been political dynasties and clans, which have been long entrenched in power. New political long entrenched in power. New political dynasties have also risen to challenge the dynasties have also risen to challenge the traditional political clans in their bailiwicks.traditional political clans in their bailiwicks.

What is the relationship between political What is the relationship between political dynasties and the current mainstream political dynasties and the current mainstream political

parties in the Philippines?parties in the Philippines? Political parties are in fact convenient Political parties are in fact convenient

but temporary alliances of political but temporary alliances of political

dynasties or political clans.dynasties or political clans. The basis of The basis of

their alliances are not because of their alliances are not because of

principles or party platforms, but may be principles or party platforms, but may be

based on marriage, business connections, based on marriage, business connections,

or political accommodation , etcor political accommodation , etc ..

• Since there is an absence of ideology of these Since there is an absence of ideology of these

elite parties and the similarity of their pro-elite parties and the similarity of their pro-

oligarchy and pro-U.S. positions, their oligarchy and pro-U.S. positions, their

members often resort to turncoatism and party-members often resort to turncoatism and party-

switching. For their loyalty to a particular alliance switching. For their loyalty to a particular alliance

of elite parties depend on the political patronage of elite parties depend on the political patronage

and spoils available that in fact determine the and spoils available that in fact determine the

alignment and re-alignment of these parties.alignment and re-alignment of these parties.

• Political parties thus are actually alliances Political parties thus are actually alliances

among the economic and social elites/class who among the economic and social elites/class who

have no coherent principle or program. They have no coherent principle or program. They

thrive on money machinery, political spoils thrive on money machinery, political spoils

from the incumbent, access to power and from the incumbent, access to power and

patronage politics. They assure the monopoly patronage politics. They assure the monopoly

of political power by the economic elite. The of political power by the economic elite. The

vaunted machinery of a bloc of political parties vaunted machinery of a bloc of political parties

allied with the administration means the use of allied with the administration means the use of

pork barrel, patronage, cash, violence and pork barrel, patronage, cash, violence and

cheating in elections, misusing the cheating in elections, misusing the

infrastructure of the state.infrastructure of the state.

What is the impact of political dynastic rule on What is the impact of political dynastic rule on Philippine national development, on our Philippine national development, on our communities, and nationhood in general?communities, and nationhood in general?

• Political dynasties distort governance, and make a sham of Political dynasties distort governance, and make a sham of

democratic governance. Thru political dynasties, public democratic governance. Thru political dynasties, public

office becomes an exclusive family franchise, a provider of office becomes an exclusive family franchise, a provider of

more benefits to family interests. When family members more benefits to family interests. When family members

from a single clan dominate political positions in a from a single clan dominate political positions in a

particular area, we can expect the weakening of checks and particular area, we can expect the weakening of checks and

balances, and the wanton abuse of power that is detrimental balances, and the wanton abuse of power that is detrimental

to the community or national interest.to the community or national interest.

• More studies are needed to study More studies are needed to study

empirically the political disease called empirically the political disease called

cronyism, and to show how fundamentally, cronyism, and to show how fundamentally,

politics and business fortunes are so much politics and business fortunes are so much

intertwined. Business empires or big intertwined. Business empires or big

business in general needs to be critically business in general needs to be critically

reexamined to see how big business is reexamined to see how big business is

really done, i.e. how business elites or really done, i.e. how business elites or

family interests wheel and deal in the family interests wheel and deal in the

political system. This goes against the political system. This goes against the

grain of competition and fair trade and grain of competition and fair trade and

violates the very principles even of a violates the very principles even of a

neoliberal economic system. neoliberal economic system.

Characterizing the Philippine Legislature…•Patronage politics

-political families-familial kinship by blood or ritual (compadrazgo)•Economic power begets political power

-land owning class: traditional source-entrepreneurial & ‘yuppie’ class: new source•Political turncoatism or balimbing•Intra-elite conflict..\..\DVDVideoSoft\FreeYouTubeDownload\PHILIPPINE SENATE -SENATORS WASTEFUL SESSIONS.mp4

Concluding StatementConcluding StatementQuoting Apolinario MabiniQuoting Apolinario Mabini

“Society…should have a ruling spirit and authority. This authority should have a reason to guide it—the Legislature; it should have a will to act and function—the Executive; it should a conscience to judge and punish the wrong-doers—the Judiciary.

These powers should be independent of each other,--that is to say, no one of them should interfere with the prerogative of the other…”

ReferencesReferences

Paras, Corazon L., Paras, Corazon L., The Speakers of the Philippine Legislative Branch, The Speakers of the Philippine Legislative Branch, Fil-Asia Printerss, 1996.Fil-Asia Printerss, 1996.

Executive Order No. 292, The Administrative Code of 1987.Executive Order No. 292, The Administrative Code of 1987.

The 197 Philippine Constitution.The 197 Philippine Constitution.

Prof. Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza, PhD, Department of Political Science, Ateneode Manila University,, The Prof. Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza, PhD, Department of Political Science, Ateneode Manila University,, The Legislative Branch, presentation.Legislative Branch, presentation.

House of Representatives (HOR) RulesHouse of Representatives (HOR) Rules

Thank You!Thank You!

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