Lambdachrome® Laser Dyes

Lambdachrome®

Laser Dyes

Ulrich Brackmann

Lambda Physik AG · D-37079 Goettingen · Germany

Ulrich Brackmann

Lambdachrome®

Laser Dyes

3rd Edition

Dr. Ulrich BrackmannLambda Physik AGHans-Boeckler-Strasse 12D-37079 Goettingen· GermanyTel.: +49 (551) 6938-0

Lambda Physik AGHans-Boeckler-Strasse 12D-37079 Goettingen· GermanyTel.: +49 (551) 6938-0/0800EXCIMERFax: +49 (551) 6869-1Email: [email protected]

Lambda Physik USA, Inc.3201 West Commercial BoulevardFort Lauderdale, FL 33309 · USATel.: +1 (800) EXCIMER/+1 (954) 486-1500Fax: +1 (954) 486-1501Email: [email protected]

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© 2000 · Lambda Physik AG · D-37079 Göttingen · GermanyAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any formwithout permission of the publisher.

World Wide Web: www.lambdaphysik.com

All laser dyes mentioned in this book are immediately available from LambdaPhysik. For more information please call or write. All major credit cardsaccepted.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein.Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is as-sumed for errors occurring in the tables.

Lambdachrome® is a registered trademark of Lambda Physik.

Third Edition (January 2000)

ContentsPreface to the 3rd Edition .................................................................................................. ixPreface to the 2nd Edition ................................................................................................. xiPreface to the First Edition ............................................................................................ xiii

Dye Lasers and Laser Dyes ................................................. 1

Dye Solvents .................................................................... 9Benzyl Alcohol ..................................................................................................................... 17Cyclohexane .......................................................................................................................... 18Dichloroethane ...................................................................................................................... 19Dichloromethane .................................................................................................................. 20Dioxane .................................................................................................................................. 21DMSO ..................................................................................................................................... 23Ethanol ................................................................................................................................... 24Ethylene Glycol ..................................................................................................................... 26Hexane .................................................................................................................................... 27Methanol ................................................................................................................................ 28Toluene .................................................................................................................................. 30

Laser Dyes ....................................................................... 32BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300) ................................................................................................... 34p-Terphenyl (LC 3400) ....................................................................................................... 36TMQ (LC 3500) .................................................................................................................... 38BMQ (LC 3570) .................................................................................................................... 40DMQ (LC 3590) .................................................................................................................... 42Butyl-PBD (LC 3600) .......................................................................................................... 44PBD (LC 3640) ...................................................................................................................... 46TMI (LC 3650) ...................................................................................................................... 48QUI (LC 3690) ...................................................................................................................... 50PPO (LC 3700) ...................................................................................................................... 52PPF (LC 3720) ...................................................................................................................... 54p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740) ................................................................................................. 56BBD (LC 3780) ..................................................................................................................... 58Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800) ...................................................................................................... 60Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810) ..................................................................................................... 62BiBuQ (LC 3860) ................................................................................................................. 64Quinolon 390 (LC 3900) ..................................................................................................... 66TBS (LC 3930) ..................................................................................................................... 68

α-NPO (LC 3950) ................................................................................................................. 70Furan 2 (LC 3990) ............................................................................................................... 72PBBO (LC 4000) ................................................................................................................... 74DPS (LC 4090) ..................................................................................................................... 76Stilbene 1 (LC 4100) .......................................................................................................... 78BBO (LC 4150) ..................................................................................................................... 80Stilbene 3 (LC 4200) .......................................................................................................... 82Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220) ..................................................................................................... 84POPOP (LC 4230) ................................................................................................................. 86Coumarin 4 (LC 4240) ......................................................................................................... 88Bis-MSB (LC 4250) ............................................................................................................. 90Furan 1 (LC 4260) ............................................................................................................... 92Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350) ..................................................................................................... 94Coumarin 120 (LC 4400) .................................................................................................... 96Coumarin 2 (LC 4500) ......................................................................................................... 98DASPI (LC 4650) ................................................................................................................ 100Coumarin 466 (LC 4660) ...................................................................................................102Coumarin 47 (LC 4700) .....................................................................................................104Coumarin 102 (LC 4800) .................................................................................................. 106Coumarin 152A (LC 4810) .................................................................................................108Coumarin 152 (LC 4850) .................................................................................................. 110Coumarin 151 (LC 4900) ...................................................................................................112Coumarin 6H (LC 4910) .....................................................................................................114Coumarin 307 (LC 5000) .................................................................................................. 116Coumarin 500 (LC 5010) .................................................................................................. 118Coumarin 314 (LC 5040) .................................................................................................. 120Coumarin 510 (LC 5100) ...................................................................................................122Coumarin 30 (LC 5150) .....................................................................................................124Coumarin 334 (LC 5210) ...................................................................................................126Coumarin 522 (LC 5220) ...................................................................................................128DASBTI (LC 5280) ............................................................................................................. 130Coumarin 7 (LC 5350) ........................................................................................................132Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360) ...........................................................................................134Coumarin 6 (LC 5370) ....................................................................................................... 136Coumarin 153 (LC 5400) .................................................................................................. 138DOCI (LC 5410) ....................................................................................................................140Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450) ............................................................................................142DMETCI (LC 5460) ............................................................................................................. 144Uranin (LC 5520) ............................................................................................................... 146Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530) ................................................................................................. 148Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550) ...................................................................................................... 150Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560) ........................................................................................... 152

Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670) ............................................................................................154Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700) .................................................................................................156Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750) ...................................................................................................158Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805) ............................................................................................160Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900) ...................................................................................................162DQOCI (LC 5920) .................................................................................................................166DCI-2 (LC 5950) ...................................................................................................................168Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970) ............................................................................................170Rhodamine B (LC 6100) ....................................................................................................172Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200) ...........................................................................................174Malachit Green (LC 6220) .................................................................................................176DTCI (LC 6250) ....................................................................................................................178DQTCI (LC 6290) .................................................................................................................180Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400) .................................................................................................182DCM (LC 6500) ....................................................................................................................184Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505) ............................................................................................186DODCI (LC 6550) .................................................................................................................188Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600) ........................................................................................190Cresyl Violet (LC 6700) ......................................................................................................192Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750) ..................................................................................................194Nile Blue (LC 6900) ...........................................................................................................196Oxazine 4 (LC 6950) ...........................................................................................................198Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000) .................................................................................................200Pyridine 1 (LC 7100) ..........................................................................................................202Carbazine 122 (LC 7200) ...................................................................................................204Oxazine 170 (LC 7210) .......................................................................................................206Oxazine 1 (LC 7250) ...........................................................................................................208DTDCI (LC 7260) .................................................................................................................210Oxazine 750 (LC 7270) .......................................................................................................212Pyridine 2 (LC 7300) ..........................................................................................................214HIDCI (LC 7400) ...................................................................................................................216Cryptocyanine (LC 7450) ...................................................................................................218Styryl 6 (LC 7500) ..............................................................................................................220Styryl 8 (LC 7550) ..............................................................................................................222DDI (LC 7700) ......................................................................................................................224Pyridine 4 (LC 7710) ..........................................................................................................226Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800) ...................................................................................................228Styryl 11 (LC 7950) ............................................................................................................230Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000) .................................................................................................232Styryl 9M (LC 8400) ...........................................................................................................234HITCI (LC 8500) ...................................................................................................................238IR 125 (LC 8630) ..................................................................................................................240

DTTCI (LC 8760) .................................................................................................................242IR 144 (LC 8800) ..................................................................................................................244Styryl 15 (LC 8810) ............................................................................................................246DNTTCI (LC 8850) ..............................................................................................................248HDITCI (LC 9200) ................................................................................................................250DDTTCI (LC 9280) ..............................................................................................................252DDCI-4 (LC 9300) ................................................................................................................254IR 140 (LC 9310) ..................................................................................................................256Styryl 14 (LC 9450) ............................................................................................................258IR 132 (LC 9500) ..................................................................................................................260Styryl 20 (LC 9940) ............................................................................................................262IR 26 (LC 1080) ....................................................................................................................264IR 5 (LC 1090) ......................................................................................................................266Saturable Absorbers ..........................................................................................................268Reference List ......................................................................................................................271

Tuning Curves ............................................................... 274

Preface to the 3rd EditionDyes and solvents from Lambda Physik periodically change in availability andcomposition. In order to ensure that researchers and users of Lambda Physikproducts have the most up-to-date information possible, this 3rd Edition ofLambdachrome® Laser Dyes is provided as an update to previous editions.


January 2000

Preface to the 2nd EditionThe second edition of Lambdachrome® Laser Dyes has been updated withadditional dyes, dye laser measurements, and evaluation of the latest literature.In this way it should be possible for any dye laser user to get a quick overviewof the most important information regarding the use of laser dyes.

Meanwhile, the standard dye laser technique has been completed by severalsolid state lasers showing very interesting features such as high operatinglifetime of the active medium and high output power in a small IR spectralrange (compared to the accessible fundamental tuning range of an excimer laserpumped dye). However, the use of laser dyes still guarantees:• easy tunability over a wide range of frequencies or wavelengths without the

need of changing gratings or mirrors• hyperfine tuning• high average power in pulsed and cw operation mode• high peak power• ideal light source for the generation of ultrashort pulses

February 1994

Preface to the 1st EditionThe intention of this book is to give information on the most frequently askedquestions about commercially available dyes, their chemical formulas, lasingwavelengths, solvents, pump sources, performance, and literature references.The following topics are discussed:• Solvents frequently used for laser dyes and their general and physical

properties, safety precautions, and waste disposal procedures• General considerations about the choice of a solvent for laser dyes, solvent

handling, preparation of dye solutions, and the cleaning of the dye circula-tion system

• Precautions for the use of laser dyes and their solutions• All Lambdachrome® laser dyes are listed, including more than one hundred

dyes along with their chemical names, chemical structures, trivial names,and trade names

• Absorption and fluorescence data in addition to appearance• The absorption spectrum of each dye• The application of the dyes in a variety of solvents under the most common

pumping conditions as well as the dye laser characteristics (peak, range,efficiency, concentration, and solvent)

• Tuning curves for excimer, nitrogen, and ion laser pumped dye lasers• Several hundred literature references

This book is written for general users of dye lasers. Researchers of laser dyesmay refer to the mentioned publications for more detailed information.

July 1985

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Dye Lasers and Laser DyesDye lasers are "the fulfillment of an experimenter's pipe dream that was asold as the laser itself: To have a laser that is easily tunable over a widerange of frequencies or wavelengths" (Schaefer, 1977). Dye lasers can bepumped by incoherent or laser sources, both pulsed and continuous wave(CW), and offer the possibilities of broad wavelength control, multijoulepulsed operation, ultranarrow linewidths, or ultrashort pulses. They areconveniently divided into three broad technological categories:• Continuous-wave jet-streamed dye lasers can provide narrow CW band-

widths and can be synchronously pumped or passively modelocked togenerate short pulses.

• Flashlamp-pumped dye lasers have a larger bandwidth and less wave-length stability than CW laser-pumped dye lasers, but they have theadvantage that large volumes of active dye medium can be pumped,yielding large output pulse energies and active powers.

• Dye lasers that are pumped by Cu vapor or nitrogen, excimer lasers, andthe frequency-doubled or -tripled output from pulsed Nd:YAG lasersprovide high peak powers. Also, the pulse duration of 4 to 60 nsecmakes narrow bandwidths and a high spectral purity possible.

Typical output characteristics from commercial dye lasers are shown in Table 1.

Continuous-Wave Dye LasersCW laser systems consist of three major elements: the optical resonator, thedye flow system, and the tuning element. The resonator is responsible formaintaining a rigid optical alignment of all cavity components. The dye

Table 1.Commercial Dye Laser Output Characteristics

Pump Source Argon/Krypton Ion Laser Flashlamp Nd:YAG Excimer CW Mode-Locked/ Laser Laser

Cavity DumpedTuning Range [nm] 380-950 580-880 335-850 410-880 320-1,024Average Power [W] 5 0.1 3 2 10Repetition Rate [Hz] CW 3.8M 2-30 10-40 1-500Peak Power [kW] - 10 7,000 20,000 10,000Energy/pulse [mJ] - 0.01 3,500 10-120 40-120Pulsewidth [nsec] - 0.0001 260-600 5-10 7-250Linewidth [GHz] 0.0005 to 40 Various 2 0.6 0.15

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flow system, consisting of dye, circulation pump, and dye jet nozzle, mustprovide an optically flat stream of dye across the laser's optical axis. Thetuning element allows the user to continuously tune to the required outputwavelength.Excitation in a CW dye laser is provided by an input pump beam fromanother CW light source, typically an ion laser. This beam is focused ontothe dye stream and causes an extremely high level of fluorescence. Thefluorescence is focused between two highly reflective concave mirrors thatfeed back the fluorescent light, initiating the lasing process.

The dye laser emission described above is broadband, typically exhibiting a40-GHz linewidth. Many applications require narrow-linewidth single-frequency operation. This is accomplished by inserting one or two etalonsinto the dye laser cavity. A dye laser with an etalon, when coupled withelectronic stabilization, can narrow the linewidth to less than 1 MHz.

Pulsed Dye LasersOf the various pulsed dye lasers, two types tend to dominate because oftheir versatility, broad spectral coverage and high output power. They areNd:YAG and excimer pumped dye lasers.

The use of Nd:YAG and excimer pump lasers allows dye laser pulses to beproduced at energy levels up to 100 mJ or more. Their performance iswavelength-dependent. At the long wavelengths, more energy is provided bypumping with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG than with an excimerlaser. However, UV-emitting excimer pumps allow dye lasers to operatedirectly at UV wavelengths down to 308 nm and at repetition rates of 500

Figure 1.Tuning Range of Dyes for Excimer-Pumped Dye Lasers

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Hz. The strongest Nd:YAG lasing line is at 1064 nm, which is unsuitable topump dyes. Fortunately, its high peak power and near-diffraction-limitedbeam quality lend themselves to rather efficient frequency doubling, triplingand quadrupling. This provides suitable pump wavelengths of 532, 355, and266 nm. Considerable engineering effort has gone into reducing the inten-sity fluctuations that are amplified by the inherent nonlinear frequency-doubling process. The tuning range can be covered by using one of thesepump wavelengths and an appropriate dye.

The Nd:YAG laser has certain advantages with respect to the efficientpumping with certain dyes, especially when pumped longitudinally, i.e.,collinearly to the laser beam. Rhodamine 6G, for example, can be excitedvery efficiently in this manner (>50 percent). Since excellent beam qualityis achieved with the longitudinal arrangement, one also gets high conver-sion rates with all nonlinear frequency changes (by frequency mixing, 367nm, and by frequency doubling, 280 nm).

The discovery of rare gas halide lasers, i.e., the excimer laser, in 1976,introduced a new and powerful tool for dye laser pumping. It combines theadvantages of the nitrogen system (high repetition rate, ease of operation,and low cost) with those of the Nd:YAG system (high peak power andsufficiently long pulse duration). Furthermore, the excimer laser is scalableto very high repetition rates (>1 kHz) and high pulse energies (>1 J).

Figure 2.Extension of Tuning Range of Pulsed Dye Lasers into UV

4

Excimer laser wavelengths range from 193 nm (ArF) to 351 nm (XeF). Thestrongest lines are at 248 nm (KrF) and 308 nm (XeCl). Most dyes have anabsorption band at 308 nm. The result is that nearly the entire range ofcommercially available dyes can be pumped with a XeCl laser (see Figure1).

A major advantage of pulsed dye lasers over CW is the ease with which theoutput can be frequency-doubled, thus extending the tuning range into theUV. Using a combination of KDP and BBO (beta barium borate) crystals,wavelengths from 207 to 350 nm can be produced. Further extension downto 197 nm can be achieved by frequency mixing (see Figure 2).

DyesDyes, either as solutions or vapors, are the active medium in pulsed andCW dye lasers as well as ultrafast shutters for Q-switching and passivemodelocking. They emit in a comparatively narrow spectral region (typically30 nm); thus a variety of dyes is necessary in order to cover the entire(visible) spectral range (Figure 1).

Figure 3. Schematic Energy Levels of Dye Molecule.

5

The optical excitation of dyes corresponds to transitions of molecules in thesinglet state, with the absorption S0 --> S1 being the strongest (see Figure3), and is specific for each dye molecule. For optimum pumping (S0 --> S1)of the various dyes, one would therefore need a number of pump-laserwavelengths.

Fortunately, nearly all dyes have additional absorption bands in the UVrange (see Figure 4). These absorptions correspond to transitions to highersinglet states (Figure 3) from which fast internal relaxation processes leadto the upper laser level (S1) with high quantum efficiency. This is thereason most dyes can be pumped by a single UV laser. However, theattractive excitation scheme of one pump laser for all dyes brings otherproblems:

(a) The inner efficiency of dye lasers is lower as a result of excitation inhigher S-states because a considerable part of the excitation energy isconverted into heat (large Stokes shift). However, the high efficiency ofpulsed lasers more than compensates for this disadvantage.

Figure 4.Absorption Bands of Rhodamine 6G

Note the small absorption cross section of UV wavelengths.

6

(b) A multiphoton excitation can lead to destruction of the cell and thesolvent molecules. In this process, a previously excited moleculeabsorbs additional photons (sequential absorption), or a moleculeabsorbs several photons at the same time. In these absorption pro-cesses, the molecule can absorb so much energy that the binding energyis surpassed, and the molecule dissociates, or at least changes, itsstructure. This process is more probable during excitation with UV lightthan with visible light. Thus, one must expect a reduced photostabilityof the dye when pumping with UV light.

The photostability of the most common dyes is summarized in Table 2(Antonov and Hohla, 1983). For example, the value of 50 Wh/l corre-sponds to 5 x 105 total shots as the point at which the dye laser energyfalls to 50 percent of the initial value, i.e., when the dye solution (oneliter) is excited with 360 mJ per pulse at 10 Hz.

(c) Another problem results from the small absorption cross section atshort wavelengths (Figure 4). To excite as many molecules as possible,a very high pump power density Ip (Ip being inversely proportional to theabsorption cross section), or high dye concentrations is required. Ip islimited to values <30 MW/cm2 due to the stability of most solvents. To

Table 2.Photochemical Stablility of Laser Dyes

Dye Center of Excimer-pumped CW laser-pumpedEmission [nm] [Wh] [Wh]

p-Terphenyl 340 451 -QUI 380 1457 -Polyphenyl 1 380 870 -Stilbene 1 410 10 200Stilbene 3 430 14 300Coumarin 2 450 31 100Coumarin 47 470 45 -Coumarin 102 480 244 100Coumarin 30 515 - 100Rhodamine 6G 590 316 1000Rhodamine B 610 144 200DCM 650 348 500Rhodamine 700 700 80 1000Styryl 9 840 73 500HITCI 875 12 100IR 140 960 10 100

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keep Ip as low as possible, high-power dye lasers have to be pumpedtransversely.

Transverse pumping configurations have been used for some time, and incontrast to the end-on pumped configurations, they lead to a non-Gaussianenergy distribution, for which rising spatial filters can compsensate.

There are two types of transverse-pumped dye laser cells: the longitudinaland the transverse flowing. The transverse configuration, in which the dyeflows vertically to the dye laser, results in a high repetition rate, whereaslongitudinal flowing, in which dye flows in the direction of the dye laser, ischaracterized by a symmetrical energy distribution but small repetitionrates.

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ReferencesAntonov, V. V. and K. L. Hohla. Appl. Phys. B30 (1983): 109 - 166, B32(1983): 9 - 14

Berlman, I. B. Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules. 2ded. New York, New York, USA: Academic Press, 1971.

Birks, J. B. Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules. New York, New York,USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1970.

Brackmann, U. Lambdachrome Laser Dyes. First edition compendium.Goettingen, Germany: Lambda Physik GmbH, 1986.

Drexhage, K. H. "Structure and Properties of Laser Dyes." Dye Lasers. Vol.1 Topics in Applied Physics, F. P. Schaefer, ed. (1973/1977) SpringerVerlag, Hamburg, Germany.

Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectros-copy. New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.

Maeda, M. Laser Dyes. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha Ltd./Tokyo, Japan, Or-lando, Florida, USA, & London, UK: Academic Press, 1984.

Schaefer, F. P. Dye Lasers. 2d ed Vol. 1. Topics in Applied Physics, F. P.Schaefer, ed. (1977) Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

Steppel, R. "Organic Dye Lasers." Lasers and Masers. Vol. 1. Handbook ofScience and Technology. M. J. Wever, ed. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRCPress, 1982.

Suzuki, H. Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Mol-ecules. New York, New York, USA: 1967.

9

Dye SolventsThe heart of any dye laser is the laser dye. Either dissolved in an appropriatesolvent or in a vapor state, these very often highly colored substances play themajor role in the overall performance of any dye laser. Both pulsed andcontinuous operation is possible. In addition, their unique photophysicalproperties make them ideal candidates for the generation of ultrashort lightpulses. With mode-locking, pulses shorter than 100 femtoseconds have beenobtained. Hyperfine tuning of the output has permitted many exciting experi-ments in spectroscopy.

Solvents for Laser DyesPrepared laser dye solutions usually contain very small quantities of dye.Typical dye concentrations are 102 to 105 molar. For this reason, the solvent inwhich the dye is dissolved plays an important role when defining physicalproperties and potential hazards.

Lasing wavelength and energy are very sensitive to the choice of solvent. Mostlaser dyes are polar molecules, and excitation into their lowest-lying singletstate is accompanied by an increase in the dipole moment. Accordingly,solvent polarity plays an important role in shifting the lasing wavelength. In amajority of circumstances, increasing solvent polarity will shift the gain curvetoward longer wavelength. In the case of more polar dyes, the shift can be ashigh as 20-60 nm. Table 3 gives an impression of this effect (Drexhage, 1973).

Some solvents cannot be used with longer wavelength lasing dyes because thesolvents have vibrational overtones that interfere with the lasing process.Solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol, which would appear to beoptimal for many dyes, are often not useful solvents for near-IR and IR dyes

Table 3.Maximum of Main Absorption Band in Different Solvents

RHODAMINE 6G COUMARIN 102Solvent Labs [nm] SolventLabs [nm]HFIP 514 HFIP 418TFE 516 TFE 405EtOH 530 MeOH 390DPA 537 NMP 383DMSO 540

10

because of the presence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral range.Accordingly, the solvent DMSO or polychlorinated aromatics, which lackhydroxyl resonances, are commonly used for dyes that lase in the near-IR andIR regions of the spectrum. Unfortunately these solvents are toxic. DMSOespecially facilitates the transfer of toxic dyes through the skin and into thebody if accidentally spilled. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that alllaser dyes and solutions containing laser dyes are handled in well ventilatedenvironments. All individuals handling the solutions should wear rubbergloves.

A summary is given below of the general and physical properties, application,and safety of the most frequently used solvents for laser dyes. Most of thisinformation has been taken from the literature cited at the end of this article.

Choice of SolventAlthough very often a specific solvent is recommended for use with a particulardye, it is important to recognize that other solvents can also be used, particu-larly if the user is interested in shifting the gain curve to different wave-lengths.

The following are criteria for choosing appropriate solvents for laser dyes:a) The solvent must be transparent at the pump wavelength and the emission

wavelength of the dye laser.b) The dye should be soluble in the solvent under consideration. In all cases,

the rule "similia similibus solvuntur" applies, meaning that the solubility ofnonpolar dyes, e.g. PTP, in nonpolar solvents, e.g. cyclohexane, is greaterthan in polar solvents, e.g. methanol, and vice versa.

c) The solvent must be photochemically stable when exposed to the pumplight. In particular, solvents containing chlorine, such as chloroform, andsecondary alcohols, such as isopropanol, are not useful as solvents for laserdyes because of their low photochemical stability.

d) Some solvents are often not useful for near-IR and IR dyes due to thepresence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral region (see above).

The following solvents are recommended for different pumping conditions:a) Those appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting below 300 nm

(e.g., KrF: 248 nm, Nd:YAG 4th harmonic: 266 nm):• Cyclohexane• Ethylene glycol• Glycerol• Trifluoroethanol• p-Dioxane

11

• Ethanol• Methanol• Hexafluoroisopropanol

b) Solvents appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting between 300and 400 nm (e.g., XeCl: 308 nm, nitrogen: 337 nm, Nd:YAG 3rd harmonic:355 nm), in addition to those listed in (a):

• N,N-Dipropylacetamide• Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)• N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)• Tetrahydrofurane• 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP)• Tetrahydrothiophenedioxide (sulfolane)

c) Appropriate solvents for pumping in the visible and near-IR spectral range(e.g., Nd:YAG 2nd harmonic: 532 nm, CW-ion lasers), in addition to thoselisted in (a) and (b):

• Toluene• Chlorobenzene• Chloroform• Benzylalcohol• 1,2-Dichloroethane• 1,1,1-Trichloroethane• o-Dichlorobenzene• Dichloromethane

Purity of SolventThe output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the purity of thesolvent. Impurities and additives may strongly affect upper state lifetime ofthe dye or may catalyse photochemical reactions. Therefore, for best results,only high quality solvents are to be recommended.

Very often we are asked whether it is necessary to use spectroscopic gradesolvents. Our experience is that it is NOT necessary. Commercially availablequalities of the grade "pro analysis" (p.a.) or "for synthesis" are sufficient fordye laser applications. Some suppliers will call them HPLC.

However, bulk quantities of these solvents are very often of poor quality andare not offered as p.a. grade. Under such circumstances, it is highly recom-mended that the transparency of the solvent is checked in a 1 cm cuvette at thepump wavelength of the dye laser with a simple absorption spectrometer. Themeasured value should be greater than 98 percent.

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Solvent HandlingWith the exception of water, all solvents should be considered hazardous. Inmany instances, the solvent in which the dye is dissolved plays a major role inthe hazard presented by the final solution. Some of the solvents listed aboveare highly toxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. These hazards mustbe addressed carefully in dye handling and solution preparation.

Nearly all solvents are highly flammable. Therefore, a small fire extinguishershould be installed near the laser in a readily accessible and unobstructedarea.

A particular fire hazard that is not commonly known occurs with nonpolar and,hence, nonconductive solvents. If these solvents are circulated at a high speedthrough plastic tubings, the pump unit acts as a van de Graff generator,producing up to 100 kV, and sparks may pierce the tubing and ignite thesolvent. The dye selectors use grounding wires inside the plastic tubings toeliminate these problems. However, when using such solvents, check first forstatic electricity before opening the reservoir. Static electricity is present whenhair on the back of your hand or forearm is attracted to the plastic tubing. Donot circulate dye solutions made with such solvents for more than a minute,unless the cuvette has been placed into the crate and is grounded.

Preparation of the Dye SolutionAs a rule of thumb, the dye concentration is selected to absorb 90 percent ofthe pump light within 0.5 mm, or the dye solution has to have an absorbance ofOD = 2/mm for the wavelength of the pump light.

When in doubt about the concentration of the dye solution, measure the absor-bance of the dye solution used for the oscillator in a spectrophotometer, usingeither a 1 mm cuvette or, after diluting by a factor of 10, a 10 mm standardcuvette. The cuvettes must be of fused-silica type if you measure the absor-bance for a pump wavelength smaller than 300 nm. The absorbance of youroscillator dye solution should be within the range of OD = 1.8 to 2.2/mm. Foran unknown dye, dissolve a known amount (a few milligrams) in a knownvolume and measure the absorbance at the pump wavelength in use; the dyeconcentration (in g/l) is then calculated according Beer's law:

20 g (sample)g/l =---------------------------- x -------------------

OD (solution/10 mm) Vol (sample)

The measurements should, of course, be made against pure solvent in a cuvetteof the same pathlength in the reference beam of the spectrophotometer.

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A concentration of OD = 2/mm is convenient for the oscillator solution. Theamplifier needs only 1/3 this concentration. The amplifier solution is preparedby filling the reservoir bottle of the amplifier circulator with one part stocksolution and then adding two parts pure solvent.

To prepare the dye solution, weigh out the amount of dye and transfer it into a500 ml (or 1 liter) glass bottle. If some are available, use brown bottles. Makesure that the entire measure of dye is transferred to the bottle and be carefulnot to spill it. Most errors occur at this step. Fill the bottle to the 500 ml (or1 liter) mark. Adding 10 percent more or less solvent does not affect theoperation appreciably. Make the stock solution "fatter" than recommended,since solvent can always be added directly to the reservoir of the circulatorslater on. Some dyes do not dissolve instantly. Use of an ultrasonic bath isrecommended.

NOTICE:Do not use the dye solution until it is completely translucent and no floating

dye particles are observed.

Some dyes have to be used close to their saturation level. It may take somedyes up to 30 minutes to dissolve completely. If necessary, heat gently andwith caution.

Optimizing the Dye SolutionThere is an optimum concentration for a given dye gain, i.e. for a given dye,wavelength, and input power. This optimum concentration may vary from thatgiving an optical density of OD = 2/mm. Higher concentrations will cause aslightly red shift the tuning curves, while lower concentrations will result in ablue shift.

Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished by adding either puresolvent or solution of higher concentration than that recommended in smallincrements to the solution in the dye circulation system until power is atmaximum.

The concentrations for the amplifier solutions of excimer and Nd:YAG-pumpeddye lasers are about 1/3 and 1/6 of the oscillator solutions, respectively.

Cleaning the Dye Circulation SystemShould it be necessary to change the dye solution, it is only necessary to rinsethree times with 100 to 200 ml of solvent. It is recommended that the dye filterbe changed. If it is not possible to change the dye selector when changing thedye, especially when going from a longer wavelength to a shorter one, thecuvette, the reservoir, the pump, and the tubings must be carefully cleaned and

14

the filter must be exchanged. The cleaning process is complete only when nofluorescence is observed after rinsing for approximately 15 minutes. It isadvisable to use small quantities of solvent and few rinses. The rinsingprocess can take many hours. Low output power on changing the dyes canoften be traced to dye residue in the pump and the tubings.

Precautions for the Use of Laser DyesCautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, especially becausethose used in the infrared may be toxic or because solvents such as DMSO,Methanol, Dioxane, and Benzyl Alcohol have the ability to carry their solutesthrough the skin and into the body (Mosovsky, 1983; Kues, 1975).

In most cases the exact toxicity of laser dyes is not well known, but theyshould, like all chemicals, be considered dangerous until proven otherwise.The safest precaution is to use butyl rubber gloves when handling the dyesolutions and to immediately clean any skin that comes into contact with thedye solutions or the dye itself.

Solvents should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames because theyare extremely flammable or combustible. They should be handled in a hooddue to their stench or potential danger if inhaled.

Lambda Physik provides, on request, a complete set of Material Safety DataSheets (MSDS). These data sheets give more information on laser dye toxicity,hazards, and recommended controls. As already mentioned above, the exacttoxicity of laser dyes is not well known in most cases. Therefore, it is impor-tant to know that the MSDS only describes general aspects of dye toxicity.

NOTICE:The responsibility for the safe use of our Lambdachrome laser dyes

rests with the user.

HazardsSolvents should be handled only by qualified people trained in laboratoryprocedures and familiar with their potential hazards. Some solvents are highlytoxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. Some form hazardous com-pounds upon decomposition; others are highly reactive. In the following tables,hazard warnings and literature references, such as Sax (Dangerous Propertiesof Industrial Materials) and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Sub-stances (RTECS) are provided, so that the information about possible hazardsare available to the trained technical person using the dye, solvent, and/or dyesolution.

15

The absence of a warning must not be interpreted as an indication of safety. Inseveral cases information is not available on the possible hazards of manycompounds.

Waste Disposal ProceduresThe disposal methods outlined below are intended as guides to the users oflaser dye solutions or solvents. Careful consideration must be given to thechemical and physical properties of the substances. In addition, local laws andregulations may preclude the use of these methods which are primarily de-signed for quantities of one to five liters. All federal, state, and local lawsconcerning health and pollution must be observed.

Definitions

Boiling pointThe temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to theopposing pressure. Values listed in the tables refer to an opposing pressure of760 torr unless otherwise stated.

DensityThe density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit of volume.

Dielectric constantA measure of the relative effect a solvent has on the electronic force withwhich two oppositely charged plates are attracted to each other.

Flash pointThe flash point is usually not considered a common physical property. It isincluded because of its widespread use in classifying solvents for storage andshipping.

Ionization potentialThe work (expressed in electron volts) required to remove a given electron fromits atomic orbit and place it at rest at an infinite distance.

Melting pointThe temperature at which a solid compound changes into the liquid state.

Minimum ignition temperatureThe minimum temperature at which, under certain conditions, the mixturecombined with air may ignite.

16

Molecular weightThe sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule.

Refractive indexThe the ratio of the velocity of light in a particular substance to the velocity oflight in vacuum. Values usually reported refer to the ratio of the velocity in airto that in the substance saturated with air.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)The maximum permissible concentration of a chemical that is permissable forprolonged exposure. The TLV gives a conentration of vapors to which anaverage sized person can safely be exposed for 8 hours per day, 5 days perweek.

ViscosityThe coefficient of viscosity is defined as the force per unit area necessary tomaintain a unit velocity gradient between two parallel planes a unit distanceapart.

17

Benzyl AlcoholPhenylcarbinol

General PropertiesColorless liquid with aromatic odor. It is only slightly soluble in water.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 108.14Freezing point (°C): -15.3Boiling point (°C): 205.45Flash point (°C): 100Min. ignition temp. (°C): 435Density (g/cm3): 1.049315 1.041325 1.0376530

Refractive Index: 1.5403520 1.45383725

Viscosity (cPoise): 7.7615 4.6535

Dielectric constant: 13.1Ionization potential (eV): 9.14Solubility: 0.08% in water, organic solventsOptical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 290 300 310 320 340 350 380Transmission (%) 4 23 70 85 90 95 98

ApplicationBenzyl alcohol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jetstream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes likeCoumarins.

SafetyRTECS # DN3150000; Sax 5, 409 · TLV:HazardsHarmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Benzyl alcohol is a toxic solvent. Itis believed that benzyl alcohol that is present in a poorly ventilated area is thecause of violent headaches, vertigo, nausea, and other symptoms.Safety PrecautionsIn case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seekmedical advice. Don't smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keepall containers and solutions tightly closed.WasteDisposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Benzyl Alcohol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

18

CyclohexaneHexahydrobenzene

General PropertiesColorless, water insoluble, highly flammable liquid. Sweet, aromatic odor.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 84.16Freezing point (°C): 6.54Boiling point (°C): 80.73Flash point (°C): -18Min. ignition temp. (°C): 260Densitiy (g/cm3): 0.778525 0.773825



Dielectric constant: 2.023Ionization potential (eV): 9.8Solubility: 0.01% in water, nonpolar organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationSuitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its high opticaltransparency in the UV allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300nm. The photochemical stability of Cyclohexane is poor.

SafetyRTECS # GU6300000; Sax 6, 831 · TLV: 300 ppm or 1050 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. Absorbed by inhalation. The vapor is mildly irritating tothe mucous membranes. The liquid is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin.Safety PrecautionsKeep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition.Take precautionary measures against static dis-charges. Avoid skin contact. Donot smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightlyclosed away from sparks and open flames.Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Cyclohexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

19

DichloroethaneEthylene chloride · 1,2-Dichloroethane

General PropertiesDichloroethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor.




Dielectric constant: 10.36Ionization potential (eV): 11.12Solubility: 0.81% in water, organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationSee Dichloromethane.

SafetyRTECS # KI0525000; Sax 6, 944 · TLV: 50 ppm or 200 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. One can become adapted to the odorof Dichloroethane at low concentrations, therefore it cannot be considered as areliable warning. The acute and chronic effects of the solvent can be signifi-cant.Safety PrecautionsKeep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do notsmoke. Take precautionary measures against static discharges.Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Dichloroethane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

20

DichloromethaneMethylene chloride

General PropertiesDichloromethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 84.93Freezing point (°C): -95.1Boiling point (°C): 39.8Flash point (°C): 0Min. ignition temp. (°C): 605Densitiy (g/cm3): 1.334815 1.316825 1.307830



Dielectric constant: 8.93Ionization potential (eV): 11.35Solubility: 1.3 % in water, organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationDichloromethane is used as solvent for laser dyes and saturable absorbersabsorbing in the near infrared spectral region.

SafetyRTECS # PA8050000; Sax 6, 1763 · TLV: 500 ppm or 1750 mg/m3

HazardsHarmful by inhalation. The toxic effect of Dichloromethane is predominatelynarcosis. It is mildly irritating to the skin on repeat contact if free to evapo-rate. It is painful to the eyes but no permanent damage may be expected.Safety PrecautionsAvoid contact with skin. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling thesolvent.Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Dichloromethane in the sink. Place it in appropriatelylabelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal expertsshould dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

21

Dioxanep-Dioxane

General PropertiesColorless, volatile, and very hygroscopic liquid with slightly aromatic taste.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 88.11Freezing point (°C): 11.8Boiling point (°C): 101.32Flash point (°C): 12Min. ignition temp. (°C): 375Densitiy (g/cm3): 1.033620 1.02825



Dielectric constant: 2.209Ionization potential (eV): 9.13Solubility: in water, organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationIts high photochemical stability and excellent dissolving capacity makes dioxanea versatile solvent for UV and Coumarin dyes.

SafetyRTECS # JG8225000; Sax 6, 1227 · TLV: 100 ppm, 360 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. May form explosive peroxides. Harmful by inhalation.Painful to the eyes and irritating to the skin upon prolonged contact. It can beabsorbed through the skin in toxic amounts. Dioxane is insidious. Its vaporshave poor warning properties; they are faint and inoffensive. Concentrations inair of 300 ppm cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. The vapors canbe inhaled in amounts that cause serious systemic injury.Safety PrecautionsKeep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from sources of ignition.Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Avoid skin contact. Donot smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers andsolutions tightly closed.

22

Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Dioxane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

23

DMSODimethyl Sulfoxide

General PropertiesColorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly bitter taste. It has anequilibrium moisture content of 10 percent with air at 20°C.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 78.13Freezing point (°C): 18.54Boiling point (°C): 189Flash point (°C): 95Min. ignition temp. (°C): 383Density (g/cm3): 1.095825 1.081640 1.061660



Dielectric constant: 46.68Ionization potential (eV):Solubility: 25.3 % in water, organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationDMSO is an excellent solvent for polar dyes like Rhodamines.

SafetyRTECS # PV6210000; Sax 6, 1201 · TLV:HazardsDMSO dehydrates and defats the skin, but seems to be relatively free fromtoxic effects. Its vapor, mixed with air, may explode above 90° C.Safety PrecautionsDimethyl sulfoxide may produce eye, skin, and respiratory irritations. Thesolvent penetrates the skin and that toxic solutes are carried with it into thebody fluid. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.Waste Disposal ProceduresAvoid mixing contaminated solvents because several substances have beenreported to have produced an explosion when mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide.Do not dispose of DMSO in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitablecontainers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose ofaccumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations.

24

EthanolEthyl Alcohol

General PropertiesColorless liquid which may be obtained as the water azeotrop containing about5 percent water or as absolute alcohol containing 0.1 percent or less water.




Dielectric constant: 24.55Ionization potential (eV): 10.49Solubility: water, organic solventsOptical properties :


ApplicationEthanol is the most frequently used solvent for laser dyes. As it is highlypolar, its application is restricted to polar dyes such as the Rhodamines.

SafetyRTECS # KQ6300000; Sax 6, 1316 · TLV: 1000 ppm or 1900 mg/m3

Hazards Highly flammable. It is practically impossible to produce any toxiceffects by inhalation of pure ethanol vapors under usual lab conditions. Theminimum identifiable odor is about 530 ppm. Concentrations of 6,000-9,000ppm have an intense odor that may be practically intolerable at first, but onebecomes acclimated soon. Concentrations of about 1,000 ppm cause slightirritation of mucous membranes and other symptoms.Safety PrecautionsKeep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do notsmoke. Limit the quantity stored to foreseeable short-term requirements; largequantities should not be allowed to accumulate in the laboratory. If spillage ofsolvent or accidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon aspossible.

25

Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Ethanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

26

Ethylene Glycol1,2-Ethanediol

General PropertiesEthylene glycol is a colorless, odorless liquid with a bittersweet taste. It isvery hygroscopic.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 62.07Freezing point (°C): -13Boiling point (°C): 197.3Flash point (°C): 110Min. ignition temp. (°C): 410Density (g/cm3): 1.113520 1.1125 1.106630



Dielectric constant: 37.7Ionization potential (eV): 10.49Solubility: water, alcoholsOptical properties:


ApplicationEthylene glycol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jetstream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes likeCoumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines.

SafetyRTECS # KW2975000; Sax 6, 1343 · TLV: 100 ppm or 274 mg/m3

HazardsHarmful if swallowed. Ethylene glycol has a low vapor pressure at normaltemperature. It presents negligible hazards to health except, possibly, whenbeing used at elevated temperature. It has a low, acute oral toxicity. Theredoes not appear to be any significant irritation from skin contact.Safety PrecautionsAvoid skin contact. Store in closed container away from heat, sparks and openflame.Waste Disposal ProceduresPlace Ethylene Glycol in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Onlytrained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulatedwaste material in accordance with governmental regulations.

27

Hexanen-Hexane

General PropertiesHexane is a colorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 86.18Freezing point (°C): -95.4Boiling point (°C): 68.74Flash point (°C): -26Min. ignition temp. (°C): 240Density (g/cm3): 0.659420 0.654825



Dielectric constant: 1.8799Ionization potential (eV): 10.18Solubility: 0.00095 % in water, nonpolar organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationSuitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes. Its high optical transparency in theUV range allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300 nm.

SafetyRTECS # MN9275000; Sax 6, 1523· TLV: 500 ppm or 1800 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. Harmful by inhalation and in contact with the skin. Possiblerisk of irreversible effects. Hexane is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin.Safety PrecautionsKeep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition.Do not inhale gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Avoid skin contact. Do not smoke, eat,or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightly closed awayfrom sparks and open flames.Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Hexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

28

MethanolMethyl Alcohol

General PropertiesMethanol is a colorless hygroscopic liquid usually containing 0.01 - 0.04 percentwater. It is highly inflammable and toxic.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 32.04Freezing point (°C): -97.7Boiling point (°C): 64.7Flash point (°C): 11Min. ignition temp. (°C): 455Densitiy (g/cm3): 0.796115 0.791320 0.786625



Dielectric constant: 32.7Ionization potential (eV): 10.84Solubility: water, organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationMethanol is a polar, protic solvent frequently used to dissolve laser dyes likeCoumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines. Its excellent optical transparency makesit the ideal solvent for UV-pumped dye lasers.

SafetyRTECS # PC1400000; Sax 6, 1764 · TLV: 200 ppm or 260 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Methanol does nothave suitable warning or irritating properties except at high concentrations.Ingestion of methanol can cause blindness and death.Safety PrecautionsKeep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do notsmoke. Avoid contact with skin. Methanol vapor/air mixtures may produceexplosible mixtures. Keep containers tightly closed. If spillage of solvent oraccidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon as possible.

29

Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Methanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

30

TolueneMethylbenzene

General PropertiesColorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid with aromatic odor.

Physical PropertiesMolecular weight: 92.14Freezing point (°C): -95Boiling point (°C): 110.6Flash point (°C): 7Min. ignition temp. (°C): 535Density (g/cm3): 0.86725 0.862325 0.857730



Dielectric constant: 2.379Ionization potential (eV): 8.82Solubility: 0.0515 % in water, nonpolar organic solventsOptical properties:


ApplicationToluene is a suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its lowoptical transparency in the UV range restricts the application on dye laserspumped above 320 nm.

SafetyRTECS # XS5250000; Sax 6, 2588 · TLV:200 ppm or 7500 mg/m3

HazardsHighly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. Exposure of humans to Toluene vaporproduces mild fatigue, weakness, confusion, and paresthesia of the skin.Toluene is most dangerous by inhalation. It is irritating to the skin, and contactshould be avoided when possible.Safety PrecautionsKeep away from source of ignition. Do not smoke. Take precautionary mea-sures against static discharges.Waste Disposal ProceduresDo not dispose of Toluene in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts shoulddispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmentalregulations.

31

ReferencesHandbook of Chemistry and Physics. 62d ed. Robert C. Weast, ed. ChemicalRubber Co., 1982.

Drexhage, K. H. Laser Focus, 1973: 73.

Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.Kues, H. A. and G. Z.Lutty. Laser Focus, 1975: 5: 59.

Kuhn and Birett. Merkblaetter Gefaehrliche Arbeitsstoffe. Munich, Germany:Verlag Moderne Industrie, 1983.

Loesungsmittel und Substanzen fuer die Spektroskopie UVASOLE. E. Merck, ed.Darmstadt, Germany.

Mosovsky, J. A. "Laser Dye Toxicity, Hazards and Recommended Controls."American Industrial Hygiene Conference. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,1983.

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Richard J. Lewis and RodgerL. Tatken, ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1979.

Riddick, John A. and William B. Bunger. "Organic Solvents." Techniques ofChemistry,Vol. 3, 1970. New York, New York, USA: Wiley-Interscience.

Roth and Daunderer. Giftliste. Munich, Germany: Ecomed Verlag, 1983.

Sax, N. I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. New York, New York,USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1975.

Schneider, R. L. "Physical Properties of Some Organic Solvents." EastmanOrganic Chemical Bulletin. Vol. 47, No. 1, 1975.

32

Laser DyesProperties, Application, and Absorption SpectraThe output power of dye lasers depends on the quality of the dye used. Toovercome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impurities,Lambdachrome® laser dyes are synthesized and examined by experiencedchemists for their chemical and spectral properties. Finally, they are purifiedby specially developed techniques.

The composition of all dyes is guaranteed with spectrophotometric and chro-matographic analysis. Wavelength ranges are given in the following tables toprovide assistance in choosing the correct dye for a given application. Theranges were measured by Lambda Physik, taken from Coherent CW Dye LaserFact Sheets, or taken from the pertinent literature. The exact spectral rangedepends on the solvent and the concentration as well as on the method ofpumping.


Abbreviations UsedMW Molecular WeightCAS Chemical Abstracts ServiceEffic. Efficiency, defined as the ratio of optical input to outputConc. Concentration of dye, given in grams per liter solventRef. ReferenceCyclohex. CyclohexaneDCE 1,2-DichloroethaneDMF DimethylformamideEtOH EthanolMeOH MethanolEg EthyleneglycolBz BenzylalcoholDMSO DimethylsulfoxidePc PropylenecarbonateTol Toluene

33

BEER's LawWithin the absorption spectra, the intensity is expressed as a molar decadicextinction coefficient, ε . The amount of light absorbed depends on the extinc-tion coefficient and the number of molecules in the light path. The latteramount depends on the concentration of the dye in solution and the path lengthof the absorption cell. The amount of light that passes through a solution(transmittance) is given by BEER's law:

log Io/I = εε · c · d

where Io is the intensity of the light before it encounters the cell, I is theintensity of the light emerging from the cell, c is the concentration in molesper liter, and d is the path length in centimeters.

The absorption cross-section σσ can be determined from the extinction coeffi-cient εε by:

σσ = 0.385 · 10 -20 εε .

Here σσ is given in cm2 (εε measured in liter/(mole · cm)).

34

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

BM-T

erph

enyl

LC 3

300

C 20H 18

258.

36So

lven

t: Cy

lohe

xane

220

200

240

260

280

300

45 3 12

BM-T

erph

enyl

35

BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300)Constitution2,2''-Dimethyl-p-terphenylDMT

C20H18 · MW: 258.36

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3300CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 251 nmMolar absorptivity: 1.98 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 335 nmFor research and development purposes only.

Lasing PerformanceShortest tunable laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 336 nm.

Pump Dye Laser CharacteristicsSource Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

KrF-Excimer 248 334 312 - 343 4 0.50 Cyclohex 1, 2, 3

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. W. Zapka, U. Brackmann Appl. Phys. 20, 283 (1979).3. F.-G. Zhang, F. P. Schäfer Appl. Phys. B26, 211 (1981).

36

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->p-

Terp

heny

l

3 2 1

220

240

260

280

300

320

p-Te

rphe

nyl

LC 3

400

C 18H 14

230.

31So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

37

p-Terphenyl (LC 3400)ConstitutionPTP

C18H14 · MW: 230.31

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3400CAS registry number: 92-94-4Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 275 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.21 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 340 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

KrF-Excimer 248 339 322 - 365 14 0.02 Cyclohex 1XeCl-Excimer 308 343 332 - 360 8 0.24 Dioxane 2, 3Nd:YAG, 4th 266 340 - 5 0.23 Cyclohex. 4, 5

References1. H. Bücher, W. Chow, Appl. Phys. 13, 267 (1977).2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.3. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).4. G. A. Abakumov et al., Opto-Electron. 1, 205 (1969).5. D. Huppert, P. M. Rentzepis, J. Appl. Phys. 49(2), 543 (1978).

38

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

260

280

300

240

200

1234567TM

QLC

350

0C 28

H 2636

2.51

Solv

ent:

Cylo

hexa

ne

TMQ

39

TMQ (LC 3500)Constitution3,3',2'',3'''-Tetramethyl-p-quaterphenyl

C28H26 · MW: 362,51


Fluorescence maximum: -For research and development purposes only.

Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 350 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 4th 266 350 338 - 361 1.2 0.72 Cyclohex 1

References1. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).

40

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12346 5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

BMQ

LC 3

570

C 26H 22

334.

46So

lven

t: Cy

lohe

xane

BMQ

41

BMQ (LC 3570)Constitution2,2'''-Dimethyl-p-quaterphenyl

C26H22 - MW: 334.46





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 357 335 - 375 9 0.60 Dioxane 1

References1. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

42

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123456

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

DMQ

LC 3

590

C 29H 28

376.

54So

lven

t: Cy

lohe

xane

DMQ

43

DMQ (LC 3590)Constitution2-Methyl-5-t-butyl-p-quaterphenyl

C29H28 · MW: 376.54





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 360 346 - 377 9 0.23 Dioxane 1, 2

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 19962. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

44

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

Buty

l-PBD

LC 3

600

C 24H 22

N2O

354.

45So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

Butyl

-PBD

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

4 3 12

45

Butyl-PBD (LC 3600)Constitution2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolBPBD-365

C24H22N2O · MW: 354.45

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3600CAS registry number: 15082-28-7Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.35 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 363 356 - 385 5 0.30 Dioxane 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 362 356 - 390 rel. 1.60 Dioxane 3, 4Nd:YAG, 4th 266 362 354-388 4.7 1.75 Cyclohex. 5

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opti. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).

46

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

PBD

LC 3

640

C 20H 14

N2O

298.

34So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

240

220

260

280

300

320

340

123

PBD

47

PBD (LC 3640)Constitution2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol

C20H14N2O · MW: 298.34

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3640CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.90 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 360 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 363 355 - 390 4 0.11 Cyclohex. 1Nitrogen 337 362 357 - 390 rel. 1.20 Dioxane 2Flashlamp - 362 - - 0.08 Ethanol 3, 4

References1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).4. T. Morrow, H. T. W. Price, Opt. Commun. 10(2), 133 (1974).

48

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

260

240

280

300

320

340

TMI

23467 15

TMI

LC 3

650

C 34H 30

438.

61So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

49

TMI (LC 3650)Constitution2,5,2'''',5''''-Tetramethyl-p-quinquephenyl

C34H30 · MW: 438.61





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 372 355 - 395 11 0.18 Dioxane 1, 2

References1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

50

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

QUI

4 3 2 1567QU

ILC

369

0C 46

H 5460

6.93

Solv

ent:

Diox

ane

51

QUI (LC 3690)Constitution3,5,3'''',5''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-quinquephenyl

C46H54 · MW: 606.93





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 390 368 - 402 11 0.20 Dioxane 1, 2Nitrogen 337 387 372-412 rel. 0.52 Dioxane 3

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

52

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

300

340

320

280

260

240

PPO

12

PPO

LC 3

700

C 15H 11

NO22

1.26

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

53

PPO (LC 3700)Constitution2,5-Diphenyloxazol

C15H11NO · MW: 221.26

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3700CAS registry number: 92-71-7Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 303 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.80 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 365 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 377 - 2.3 0.22 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 375 - rel. 0.39 Dioxane 1Nd:YAG, 4th 266 375 368-382 1.6 1.10 Cylohex. 3Flashlamp - 381 - - 1.54 Dioxane 4

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).3. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).

54

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

300

320

340

360

220

240

260

280

2 13PP

FLC

372

0C 16

H 12O

220.

27So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

PPF

55

PPF (LC 3720)Constitution2,5-Diphenylfuran

C16H12O · MW: 220.27

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3720CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 324 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.78 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 373 369 - 379 11 0.44 Dioxane 1,2

References1. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970).2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).

56

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

5 4 3 2 1

p-Qu

aterp

heny

lp-

Quat

erph

enyl

LC 3

740

C 24H 18

306.

41So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

340

320

300

280

260

240

220

57

p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740)ConstitutionPQP

C24H18 · MW: 306.41





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 371 - 20 0.09 Dioxane 1Nitrogen 337 370 362 - 390 11 sat. DMF 2, 3Flashlamp - 372 - - 0.08 DMF 4

References1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981).2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).3. J. A. Myer, I. Itzkan, E. Kierstead, Nature 225, 544 (1970).4. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

58

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

5 4 2 13

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

BBD

BBD

LC 3

780

C 26H 18

N2O

374.

44So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

59

BBD (LC 3780)Constitution2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol

C26H18N2O · MW: 374.44


Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 373 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 378 368 - 399 14 0.37 Dioxane 1, 2Nitrogen 337 375 372 - 405 19 0.74 Dioxane 2, 3Flashlamp - 377 - - 0.74 Dioxane 4

References1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981).2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).4. M. Maeda et al., IEEE J. Quant. Elec tron. QE-13, 65 (1977).

60

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234567

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Polyp

heny

l 1Po

lyphe

nyl 1

LC 3

800

C 24H 16

O6S

2Na 2

510.

49So

lven

t: W

ater

61

Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800)Constitutionp-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Disodiumsalt

C24H16O6S2Na2 · MW: 510.49

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3800CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in water): 308 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.19 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 380 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 381 363 - 408 12 0.20 Eg 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 380 362 - 411 rel. 0.36 Eg 3CW, Ar+ UV 382 362 - 412 - 1.25 Eg 3

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 33(1), 85 (1980).

62

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234567

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Polyp

heny

l 2Po

lyphe

nyl 2

LC 3

810

C 24H 16

O 6S2N

K 254

2.71

Solv

ent:

Wat

er

63

Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810)Constitutionp-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Dipotassiumsalt

C24H16O6S2NK2 · MW: 542.71

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3810CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in water): 308 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.19 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 382 363 - 400 10 0.25 Eg 1CW, Ar+ UV 384 370 - 406 - 2.0 Eg 1

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

64

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1235 4

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

BiBu

QBi

BuQ

LC 3

860

C 48H 66

O2

675.

05So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

65

BiBuQ (LC 3860)Constitution4,4'''-Bis-(2-butyloctyloxy)-p-quaterphenylBBQ • Pilot 386

C48H66O2 · MW: 675.05





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 388 367 - 405 11 0.25 Dioxane 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 383 364 - 405 rel. 0.41 Dioxane 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 392 380 - 410 - 1.34 EtOH/Tol 5Flashlamp - - 389 - 395 - - DMF 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. K. Azuma et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18(1), 209 (1979).6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).

66

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

220

200

Quino

lon 3

90Qu

inol

on 3

90LC

390

0C 12

H 15N

3O2

233.

27So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

67

Quinolon 390 (LC 3900)Constitution7-Dimethylamino-1-methyl-4-methoxy-8-azaquinolone-2

C12H15N3O2 · MW: 233.27

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3900CAS registry number: 119883-58-8Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 355 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.52 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 390 384 - 394 4 0.25 Methanol 1Flashlamp - 390 - - 1.15 Ethanol 2

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 8, 315 (1975).

68

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->TB

STB

SLC

393

0C 52

H 5868

3.03

Solv

ent:

Dio

xane

300

220

240

260

280

320

340

360

380

13 27 6 5 4

69

TBS (LC 3930)Constitution3,5,3''''',5'''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-sexiphenyl

C52H58 · MW: 683.03



Lasing PerformanceVery stable and efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 393 365 - 410 11 0.16 Cyclohex 1

References1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

70

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

13 2

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

α-NP

Oα

-NPO

LC 3

950

C 19H 13

NO27

1.32

Solv

ent:

Diox

ane

71

α-NPO (LC 3950)Constitution2-(1-Naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazol

C19H13NO · MW: 271.32





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 393 387 - 400 6 0.32 Cyclohex. 1Nitrogen 337 400 391 - 425 rel. 0.67 Dioxane 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 400 - 6.5 1.00 Toluene 4Flashlamp - 400 - - 0.07 Ethanol 5

References1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).4. G. A. Abakumov et al. JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969).5. H. W. Furumoto et al. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970).

72

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

300

Fura

n 2

246810 20

022

024

026

028

032

034

036

038

0

Fura

n 2

LC 3

990

C 25H 13

NO13S 4K

481

9So

lven

t: W

ater

73

Furan 2 (LC 3990)Constitution2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazotetrasulfonicacid Potassium Salt

C25H13NO13S4K4 · MW: 819

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 3990CAS registry number: -Appearance: light yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in water): 330 nmMolar absorptivity: 7.79 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 399 388 - 426 8 0.50 Methanol 1Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 402 392 - 422 15 0.5 Methanol 1


74

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

15 4 3 2

240

220

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

PBBO

PBBO

LC 4

000

C 25H 17

NO34

7.42

Solv

ent:

Diox

ane

75

PBBO (LC 4000)Constitution2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazol-1,3

C25H17NO · MW: 347.42





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 396 386 - 420 7 0.40 Dioxane 1, 2Nitrogen 337 395 385 - 420 rel. 0.15 Dioxane 2, 3

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

76

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

15 4 3 2

280

300

320

340

360

380

DPS

DPS

LC 4

090

C 16H 20

332.

44So

lven

t: Di

oxan

e

260

77

DPS (LC 4090)Constitution4,4'-DiphenylstilbenePilot 409

C16H20 · MW: 332.44





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 406 399 - 415 11 0.25 Dioxane 1, 2Nitrogen 337 404 394 - 416 rel. 0.12 Dioxane 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 408 - - - Tol. 5Flashlamp - 409 406 - 411 - sat. DMF 6, 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).5. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968).6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).7. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).

78

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

16 5 4 3 2

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Stilb

ene 1

Stilb

ene

1LC

410

0C 26

H 18O

6S2K

256

8.74

Solv

ent:

Ethy

lene

Glyc

ol

79

Stilbene 1 (LC 4100)Constitution[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-sulfonic acid, 4',4''-1,2-ethene-diylbis-, dipotassium salt

C26H18O6S2K2 · MW: 568.74

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4100CAS registry number: 74758-59-1Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in Eg.): 350 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.55 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 416 405 - 428 6 0.50 Eg. 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 417 405 - 446 rel. 0.20 Eg. 4CW, Ar+ UV 415 403 - 428 - 0.75 Eg. 1, 4, 5, 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).6. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 28(3), 353 (1979).

80

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14 3 2

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

BBO

BBO

LC 4

150

C 27H 19

NO37

4.45

Solv

ent:

Diox

ane

81

BBO (LC 4150)Constitution2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-oxazol

C27H19NO · MW: 374.45





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 408 401 - 419 14 0.74 Dioxane 1, 2Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 409 - 8 0.96 Tol. 3Flashlamp - 410 - - 0.37 Dioxane 4, 5

References1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).2. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970).3. G. A. Abakumov et al., JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969).4. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970).5. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

82

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

15 4 3 2

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

400

380

Stilb

ene 3

Stilb

ene

3LC

420

0C 28

H 20O

6S2 ·

2 N

a56

2.56

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

83

Stilbene 3 (LC 4200)Constitution2,2'-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl)-bis-benzenesulfonic acidDisodium SaltStilbene 420

C28H20O6S2 · 2 Na · MW: 562.56

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4200CAS registry number: 27344-41-8Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in Ethanol.): 350 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.89 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 425 412 - 443 9 0.65 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 424 408 - 457 rel. 0.22 Methanol 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 428 415 - 439 15 0.25 Methanol 1, 5CW, Ar+ UV 435 410 - 485 - 1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 6, 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).6. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).7. J. Kuhl et al., Opt. Commun. 24(3), 251 (1978).

84

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14 3 2

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

Carb

ostyr

yl 7

Carb

osty

ryl 7

LC 4

220

C 10H 10

N2O

174.

20So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

85

Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220)Constitution7-Amino-4-methylcarbostyrylCarbostyryl 124

C10H10N2O · MW: 174.20

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4220CAS registry number: -Appearance: white, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 350 nmMolar absorptivity: 1.46 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 413 408 - 420 - - Ethanol 1, 3

References1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).2. R. Srinivasan, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-5, 552 (1969).

86

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14 3 2

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

POPO

PPO

POP

LC 4

230

C 24H 16

N2O

236

4.40

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

87

POPOP (LC 4230)Constitution1,4-Di[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzenePilot 423

C24H16N2O2 · MW: 364.40

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4230CAS registry number: 1806-34-4Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 358 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.43 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 421 411 - 446 6.5 0.42 Dioxane 1Nitrogen 337 421 412 - 454 rel. 0.39 EtOH/Tol. 1,2Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 417 - - - Tol. 3Flashlamp - 419 - - 0.12 Ethanol 4, 5

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).3. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968).4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, J Appl Phys. 40, 4204 (1969).5. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).

88

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Co

umar

in 4

Coum

arin

4LC

424

0C 10

H 8O3

176.

17So

lven

t: ba

sic

Etha

nol

4 3 2 1

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

89

Coumarin 4 (LC 4240)Constitution7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarinUmbelliferon 47

C10H8O3 · MW: 176.17

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4240CAS registry number: 90-33-5Appearance: colorless, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in bas. ethanol): 372 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.10 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 - 370 - 580 - various 1,2, 3Flashlamp - 454 - - 0.51 Ethanol 4, 5CW, Ar+ UV 460 460 - 560 - 0.51 Eg. 6

References1. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).2. C. V. Shank et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 16(10), 405 (1970).3. A. Dienes et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-9, 833 (1973).4. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).5. B. B. Snavely et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 11(9), 275 (1967).6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

90

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

4 3 2 1

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Bis-

MSB

Bis-

MSB

LC 4

250

C 24H 22

310.

44So

lven

t: Cy

clohe

xane

91

Bis-MSB (LC 4250)Constitutionp-Bis(o-methylstyryl)-benzene

C24H22 · MW: 310.44

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4250CAS registry number: 13280-61-0Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 350 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.88 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 423 414 - 428 8.3 0.24 Dioxane 1Nitrogen 337 421 412 - 435 rel. 0.14 Dioxane 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 - - - 1.08 Dioxane 4Flashlamp - 420 - - 0.12 Toluene 5

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. A. J. Cox et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 31(6), 389 (1977).5. H. W. Furumoto et al. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4204 (1969).

92

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

15 4 3 2

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Fura

n 1

Fura

n 1

LC 4

260

C 28H 18

NO14S 4

710.

71So

lven

t: W

ater

93

Furan 1 (LC 4260)ConstitutionBenzofuran,2,2'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl-bis-tetrasulfonic acid (tetrasodium salt)

C28H18NO14S4 · MW: 710.71

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4260CAS registry number: -Appearance: colorless, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in water): 355 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.51 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 421 410 - 435 10 0.60 Methanol 1Nitrogen 337 425 414 - 445 3.5 1.35 Methanol 1Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 421 410 - 435 10 0.26 Methanol 2

References1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

94

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

13 2

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Carb

osty

ryl 3

Carb

osty

ryl 3

LC 4

350

C 12H 14

N2O

202.

26So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

95

Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350)Constitution7-Dimethylamino-4-methylquinolon-2

C12H14N2O · MW: 202.26

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4350CAS registry number: -Appearance: colorless, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 360 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.03 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 430 420 - 440 poor 0.04 Methanol 1, 2CW, Ar+ UV 440 415 - 490 3 0.6 Eg. 3

References1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).3. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

96

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1 0.5

2.5

3 2 1.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Coum

arin

120 Co

umar

in 1

20LC

440

0C 10

H 9NO 2

175.

19So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

97

Coumarin 120 (LC 4400)Constitution7-Amino-4-methylcoumarinCoumarin 440

C10H9NO2 · MW: 175.19

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4400CAS registry number: 26093-31-2Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 354 nmMolar absorptivity: 1.81 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 441 423 - 462 15 0.82 Methanol 1,2Nitrogen 337 438 418 - 465 rel. 0.25 Methanol 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 440 420 - 470 16 0.25 Methanol 1, 4Flashlamp - 440 420 - 470 - 0.04 Methanol 5CW, Ar+ UV 450 425 - 475 - 0.52 Eg. 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 373 (1975).5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

98

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Coum

arin

2Co

umar

in 2

LC 4

500

C 13H 15

NO2

217.

27So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

99

Coumarin 2 (LC 4500)Constitution7-Amino-4-methylcoumarinCoumarin 450

C13H15NO2 · MW: 217.27





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 448 432- 475 15 1.50 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 444 426 - 475 rel. 0.40 Methanol 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 450 435 - 467 10 0.30 Methanol 3, 5Flashlamp - 450 440 - 458 - - Ethanol 6CW, Ar+ UV 450 430 - 480 - 0.59 Bz./Eg. 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. R. J. von Gutfeld et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 332 (1970).5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).6. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

100

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

200

240

280

320

360

400

440

480

520

560

DASP

IDA

SPI

LC 4

650

C 16H 19

N2I

366.

24So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

101

DASPI (LC 4650)Constitution2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-pyridylmethyl Iodide

C16H19N2I · MW: 366.24

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4650CAS registry number: -Appearance: orange, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 472 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.83 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 1, 102, 466, and 6H dyelasers1.).

References1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983).

102

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

Coum

arin

466

Coum

arin

466

LC 4

660

C 13H 15

NO2

217.

27So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

103

Coumarin 466 (LC 4660)Constitution7-DiethylaminocoumarinLD 466 · C1H

C13H15NO2 · MW: 217.27

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 4660CAS registry number: -Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (ethanol): 380 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.38 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 466 - - 0.16 Ethanol 1, 2

References1. E. J. Schimitschek et al., Opt. Commun. 16(3), 313 (1976).2. E. A. Stappaerts, Appl. Optics 16(12), 3079 (1977).

104

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

Coum

arin

47

Coum

arin

47

LC 4

700

C 14H 17

NO2

231.

29So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

105

Coumarin 47 (LC 4700)Constitution7-Diethylamino-4-methylcoumarinCoumarin 460 · Coumarin 1

C14H17NO2 · MW: 231.29





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 456 440 - 484 18 1.60 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 453 436 - 486 rel. 0.66 Methanol 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 460 444 - 476 15 0.3 Methanol 1, 5Flashlamp - 460 435 - 490 - 0.02 Ethanol 6, 7CW, Ar+ UV 470 450 - 500 - 1.76 MeOH/Eg. 8

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977).6. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 17(12), 527 (1970).8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

106

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coum

arin

102

LC 4

800

C 16H 17

NO2

255.

23So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Coum

arin

102

107

Coumarin 102 (LC 4800)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-methylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarinCoumarin 480

C16H17NO2 · MW: 255.23





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 480 460 - 510 18 2.30 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 470 454 - 506 rel. 1.44 Methanol 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 480 462 - 497 15 0.40 Methanol 1, 4Flashlamp - 480 460 - 530 0.05 Methanol 5CW, Ar+ UV 482 463 - 515 - 2.0 Bz./Eg. 1, 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-11, 373 (1975).5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).6. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

108

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Co

umar

in 1

52A Co

umar

in 1

52A

LC 4

810

C 14H 14

NO2F

328

5.27

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

123 1.5

0.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

109

Coumarin 152A (LC 4810)Constitution7-Diethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarinCoumarin 481 · C1F

C14H14NO2F3 · MW: 285.27





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 517 491 - 553 4 1.84 Ethanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 490 461 - 549 rel. 1.71 Dioxane 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 520 500 - 540 - 2.85 Ethanol 4Flashlamp - 481 - - 0.21 Dioxane 5

References1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. J. A. Halstead, R. R. Reeves, Opt. Commun. 27(2), 273 (1978).4. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977).5. E. J. Schimitschek et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-9, 781 (1973).

110

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123 0.5

2.5

1.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

152

Coum

arin

152

LC 4

850

C 13H 10

NO2F

325

7.21

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

111

Coumarin 152 (LC 4850)Constitution7-Dimethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarinCoumarin 485 · C2F

C13H10NO2F3 · MW: 257.21





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 520 490 - 570 5.5 2.00 Ethanol 1Nitrogen 337 532 495 - 560 - - Ethanol 2Flashlamp - - 518 - 531 - - Ethanol 3

References1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

112

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

151

Coum

arin

151

LC 4

900

C 10H 6N

O2F

322

9.16

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

113

Coumarin 151 (LC 4900)Constitution7-Amino-4-trifluormethylcoumarinCoumarin 490 · C3F

C10H6NO2F3 · MW: 229.16





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]


References1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).2. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222 (1975).

114

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coum

arin

6H Co

umar

in 6

HLC

491

0C 15

H 15NO

224

1.29

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

115

Coumarin 6H (LC 4910)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydroquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarinLD 490 · C6H

C15H15NO2 · MW: 241.29





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 491 463 - 522 5.7 1.33 Etahnol 1Flashlamp - - 477 - 493 - - Ethanol 2CW, Kr+ VIO 490 476 - 515 - 1.20 Eg./Bz. 3

References1. Lambda Physik.2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

116

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coum

arin

307

Coum

arin

307

LC 5

000

C 13H 12

NO2F

327

1.24

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

117

Coumarin 307 (LC 5000)Constitution7-Ethylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluormethylcoumarinCoumarin 503

C13H12NO2F3 · MW: 271.24





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 500 479 - 553 16 3.40 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 504 478 - 547 rel. 1.60 Methanol 3, 4Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 508 485 - 546 15 0.70 Methanol 1Flashlamp - - 490 - 510 - - Ethanol 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

118

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

500

Coum

arin

500

LC 5

010

C 12H 10

NO2F

325

7.21

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

119

Coumarin 500 (LC 5010)Constitution7-Ethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

C12H10NO2F3 · MW: 257.21

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5010CAS registry number: -Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 395 nmMolar absorptivity: 1.85 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 502 480 - 520 12 2.40 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 503 473 - 562 rel. 1.40 Ethanol 2Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 518 498 - 546 10 0.70 Methanol 3, 6Flashlamp - - - - - - 4, 5

References1. Lambda Physik2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979).4. Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353(1983).5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

120

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

314

LC 5

040

C 18H 19

NO4

313.

35So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Coum

arin

314

121

Coumarin 314 (LC 5040)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-carboethoxyquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarinCoumarin 504

C18H19NO4 · MW: 313.35





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]


References1. K. H. Drexhage et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-10, 695 (1974).2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

122

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

122.5

33.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

510

LC 5

100

C 20H 18

N2O

231

8.36

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Coum

arin

510

123

Coumarin 510 (LC 5100)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-(3-pyridyl)-quinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin

C20H18N2O2 · MW: 318.36

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5100CAS registry number: -Appearance: yellow, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 425 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 511 504 - 511 - - Ethanol 1CW, Ar+ VIO 525 495 - 565 - 1.0 Bz./Eg 2

References1. A. N. Fletcher et al., Opt. Commun. 47(1), 57 (1983).2. Lambda Physik.

124

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coum

arin

30

Coum

arin

30

LC 5

150

C 21H 21

N3O

234

7.42

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

125

Coumarin 30 (LC 5150)Constitution3-(2'-N-Methylbenzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarinCoumarin 515

C21H21N3O2 · MW: 347.42





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 508 480 - 540 - 0.07 Methanol 1, 2CW, Kr+ VIO 510 480 - 555 12 0.26 MeOH/Eg 3

References1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974).3. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

126

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

Coum

arin

334

Coum

arin

334

LC 5

210

C 17H 17

NO3

283.

33So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

127

Coumarin 334 (LC 5210)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-acetylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarinCoumarin 521

C17H17NO3 · MW: 283.33





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 520 506 - 537 12 1.50 Methanol 1, 2Flashlamp - - 507 - 512 - Methanol 3, 4

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9(1983).3. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).4. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222(1975).

128

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Co

umar

in 5

22Co

umar

in 5

22LC

522

0C 14

H 12NO

2F3

283.

25So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

0.5

11.5

22.5

3

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

129

Coumarin 522 (LC 5220)ConstitutionN-Methyl-4-trifluormethylpiperidino-[3,2-g]-coumarinC8F

C14H12NO2F3 · MW: 283.25





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 520 495 - 575 14 0.04 DMF 1Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 525 505 - 550 - 1.41 Ethanol 2Flashlamp - - 518 - 528 - - Ethanol 3

References1. P. R. Hammond, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15(7), 624(1979).2. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979).3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

130

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

15 234

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DASB

TILC

528

0C 19

H 21N

2SI

436.

35So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

DASB

TI

131

DASBTI (LC 5280)Constitution2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-benzothiazolylethyl Iodide

C19H21N2SI · MW: 436.35

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5280CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 530nmMolar absorptivity: 5.49 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 6, 153, 522, andsRhodamine 110 dye lasers 1., 2.). Applicable around 530 nm.

References1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Appl. Phys. B29, 191(1982).2. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558(1983).

132

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coum

arin

7Co

umar

in 7

LC 5

350

C 20H 19

N3O

233

3.39

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

133

Coumarin 7 (LC 5350)Constitution3-(2'-Benzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarinCoumarin 535

C20H19N3O2 · MW: 333.39





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - - 517 - 527 - - Ethanol 1CW, Ar+ VIO 530 495 - 570 9 1.00 Bz. 2

References1. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).2. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24(12), 629 (1974).

134

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

3

200

Brill

ants

ulfa

flavi

n

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

1245

Brill

ants

ulfa

flavi

nLC

536

0C 20

H 15N 2O

5SNa

418.

40So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

135

Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360)ConstitutionPilot 512

C20H15N2O5SNa · MW: 418.40





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 540 508 - 574 - 0.21 Ethanol 1, 2

References1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).2. J. B. Marling et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-7, 498 (1971).

136

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

320

340

360

380

400

Coum

arin

6

5 4 3 2 1

260

280

300

420

440

460

480

500

Coum

arin

6LC

537

0C 20

H 18N 2O

2S35

0.43

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

137

Coumarin 6 (LC 5370)Constitution3-(2'-Benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarinCoumarin 540

C20H18N2O2S · MW: 350.43

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5370CAS registry number: 38215-35-0Appearance: orange, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 458 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.4 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 534 515 - 558 9 0.84 DMSO 1, 2Flashlamp - - 530 - 539 - - Ethanol 3CW, Ar+ 488 535 510 - 550 - 2.0 Bz./Eg. 4, 5

References1. Lambda Physik.2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35(1979).3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295(1977).4. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.5. T. F. Johnston at al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307(1982).

138

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

11.5

22.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

Coum

arin

153

Coum

arin

153

LC 5

400

C 16H 14

NO2F

330

9.29

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

139

Coumarin 153 (LC 5400)Constitution2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-trifluormethylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarinCoumarin 540A, C6F

C16H14NO2F3 · MW: 309.29





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 540 522 - 600 15 4.20 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 540 516 - 575 18 2.36 Methanol 1Nitrogen 337 540 517 - 590 rel. 3.10 Methanol 4, 5Flashlamp - - 528 - 547 - - Methanol 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3552 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. R. E. Drullinger, Opt. Commun. 39(4), 263 (1981).6. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

140

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

DOCI

DOCI

LC 5

410

C 21H 21

N2O

2I46

0.32

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

141

DOCI (LC 5410)Constitution3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2O2I · MW: 460.32

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5410CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 485 nmMolar absorptivity: 12.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 540 nm. Saturable absorber forCoumarin 102 dye lasers; applicalbel around 480 nm 2., 3.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 541 - - 0.09 Glyzerine 1

References1. M Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).2. J. C. Mialocq, P. Goujon, Appl. Phys. Letters 33(9), 819 (1978).3. R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981).

142

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

46

110

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

500

400

450

Pyrr

omet

hene

546

LC 5

450

C 14H 17

BF2N

226

2.11

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

143

Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450)Constitution4,4-Difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene1,3,5,7,8-Pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C14H17BF2N2 · MW: 262.11

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5450CAS registry number: 121207-31-6Appearance: orange, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 494 nmMolar absorptivity: 8.58 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 519 nmFor research and development purposes only.

Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for flashlamp pumped dye lasers; tunable around 542 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 542 523-580 - 0.066 Methanol 1Flashlamp - 546 - - 0.039 Ethanol 2

References1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).2. Th. G. Pavlopoulos, M. Shah, J. H. Boyer, Opt. Commun. 70(5), 425 (1989).

144

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

24610

8 1359 7

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DMET

CIDM

ETCI

LC 5

460

C 21H 21

N 2S2I

492.

43So

lven

t: DM

SO

145

DMETCI (LC 5460)Constitution3,3'-Dimethyl-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2S2I · MW: 492.43

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5460CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 540 nmMolar absorptivity: 10.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for Coumarin 153 dye lasers; applicable around 540 nm 1.).

References1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982).

146

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123456789

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Uran

inLC

552

0C 20

H 10O

5 · 2H

2O41

2.30

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol (

basi

c)

Uran

in

147

Uranin (LC 5520)ConstitutionDisodium FluoresceinC20H10O5 · 2H2O · MW: 412.30

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5520CAS registry number: 518-47-8Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 500 nmMolar absorptivity: 9.92 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 521 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 540 532 - 561 9 1.35 Methanol 1Nitrogen 337 538 - rel. 1.10 Methanol 2, 3Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 550 536 - 568 - 2.06 Ethanol 4Cu-vapor 510 528 - - 0.42 Ethanol 5Flashlamp - - 549 - 574 - 0.12 Methanol 6CW, Ar+ all 560 530 - 590 7 1.76 MeOh/Eg. 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).3. G. Capelle, D. Phillips, Appl. Optics 9(12), 2742 (1970).4. D, M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).5. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electr. 9(7), 900 (1979).6. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971).7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

148

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Fluo

resc

ein

27Fl

uore

scei

n 27

LC 5

530

C 20H 10

O5C

l40

1.20

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol (

neut

r.)

149

Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530)Constitution9-(o-Carboxyphenyl)-2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-on2,7-Dichlorofluorescein · Fluorescein 548

C20H10O5Cl · MW: 401.20

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5530CAS registry number: 76-54-0Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 512 nmMolar absorptivity: 11.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 553 540 - 587 12 1.40 Methanol 1Nitrogen 337 558 546 - 589 rel. 1.00 Ethanol 1, 2Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 550 540 - 575 28 0.64 Methanol 3Flashlamp - - 557 - 581 - 0.20 Methanol 4

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).2. E. D. Stokes et al., Opt. Commun. 5(4), 267 (1972).3. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.4. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971).

150

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Fl

uoro

l 7GA

Fluo

rol 7

GALC

555

0C 18

H 24N

2O2

300.

40So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

0.5

11.522.5

33.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

151

Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550)ConstitutionFluorol 555

C20H24N2O2 · MW: 324.40

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5550CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in methanol): 440 nmMolar absorptivity: 1.40 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsedoperation; tunable around 520 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 560 530 - 590 5 1.80 Methanol 1, 2Flashlamp - - 530 - 600 - 0.10 Methanol 3

References1. Lambda Physik.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553, (1981).3. M. Lambropoulos, Opt. Commun. 15(1), 35 (1975).

152

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

56Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

56LC

556

0C 14

H 15BF

2N2O

6S2N

a 246

6.19

Solv

ent:

Ethy

lene

glyc

ol

110

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

500

400

450

153

Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560)ConstitutionDisodium-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-2,6-disulfonate-difluoroboratecomplex

C14H17BF2N2O6S2Na2 · MW: 466.19

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5560CAS registry number: 121461-69-6Appearance: yellow/orange, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethyleneglycol): 498 nmMolar absorptivity: 8.88 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 533 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 561 540-580 - 0.03 Methanol 1CW, Ar+ 458-514 553 530-624 45 0.93 Eg. 2

References1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).2. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993).

154

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

67

110

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Pyrr

omet

hene

567

LC 5

670

C 18H 25

BF2N

231

8.22

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

155

Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670)Constitution4,4-Difluoro-2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene2,6-Diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C18H25BF2N2 · MW: 318.22

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5670CAS registry number: 131083-16-4Appearance: orange/red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 518 nmMolar absorptivity: 7.73 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 570 nm.Alternative to Rhodamine 6G.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 567 - - 0.06 Ethanol 1, 2CW, Ar+ all 571 552-608 36 0.45 PC 3Nd:YAG 532 566 549-592 44 0.31 PC 4

References1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).2. T. G. Pavlopoulos et al., Appl. Optics 29(27), 3885 (1990).3. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993).4. M. P. O`Neil, Optics Letters 18(1), 37 (1993).5. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993).

156

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

13 246 5789

200

300

250

350

400

450

500

550

Rhod

amin

e 11

0LC

570

0C 20

H 15N

2O3C

l36

6.80

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Rhod

amin

e 11

0

157

Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700)Constitutiono-(6-Amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acidRhodamine 560

C20H15N2O3Cl · MW: 366.80

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5700CAS registry number: 13558-31-1Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 510 nmMolar absorptivity: 8.99 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 572 547 - 592 5 1.22 Ethanol 1Cu-vapor 510 550 528 - 574 9 0.09 Methanol 2Flashlamp - - 551 - 583 - 0.07 Ethanol 3CW, Ar+ all 560 530 - 580 - 0.75 Eg. 4, 5, 6

References1. Lambda Physik.2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558 (1983).4. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.5. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

158

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1

200

Rhod

amin

e 19

2345678910

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Rhod

amin

e 19

LC 5

750

C 26H 27

N2O

7Cl

514.

96So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

159

Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750)ConstitutionBenzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl], perchlorateRhodamine 575

C26H27N2O7Cl · MW: 514.96





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 562 552 - 582 - 0.21 Ethanol 1Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 567 556 - 586 31 0.22 Methanol 2

References1. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

160

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

80

110

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Pyrr

omet

hene

580

LC 5

805

C 22H 33

BF2N

237

4.32

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

161

Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805)Constitution4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene2,6-Di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C22H33BF2N2 · MW: 374.32

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5805CAS registry number: N/AAppearance: orange/red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 519 nmMolar absorptivity: 7.68 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 580 - - 0.08 Ethanol 1

References1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).2. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993).

162

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678910

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Rhod

amin

e 6G

LC 5

900

C 28H 31

N2O

3Cl

479.

02So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Rhod

amin

e 6G

163

Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900)ConstitutionBenzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl]-ethyl ester, monohydrochlorideRhodamine 590

C28H31N2O3Cl · MW: 479.02



Lasing PerformanceThe laser dye "per se" Rhodamine 6G is by far the most frequently used andmost widely investigated laser dye. Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CWoperation; tunable around 590 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 581 569 - 608 16 1.20 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 581 573 - 618 rel. 1.63 Methanol 3, 4, 5Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 566 555 - 585 32 0.10 Methanol 1, 6, 7Flashlamp - 600 555 - 620 - 1.20 Ethanol 9, 10CW, Ar+ all 575 560 - 625 - 0.75 Eg. 1, 11, 12, 13

ReferencesSee page 164.

164

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->References (RHODAMINE 6G)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).6. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).8. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).9. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).10. J. Jethwa, F. P. Schäfer, Appl. Phys. 4, 299 (1974).11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.12. H. J. Baving et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 19 (1982).13. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (RHODAMINE B)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).5. I. A. Stenhaouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979).6. Q. H. F. Vrehen, Opt. Commun. 3(3), 144 (1971).7. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 9(7), 900 (1979).8. R. S. Hargrove, T. Kan, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 28D (1977).9. J. M. Drake et al., Chem. Phys. Letters 35(2), 181 (1975).10. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

References (SULFORHODAMINE B)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).5. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).6. R. M. Schotland, Appl. Optics 19(1), 124 (1980).7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

165

References (RHODAMINE 101)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. Lambda Physik.6. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).8. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978).9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

References (DCM)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. Lambda Physik.5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).6. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).7. G. P. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(7), 1200 (1983).8. Coherent, Data Sheet.9. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 37(1), 56 (1981).10. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (CRESYL VIOLET)1. Lambda Physik.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6) 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. F. Castelli, Appl. Phys. Letters 26(1), 18 (1975).5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135(1975).6. I. A. Stenhouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979).7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).8. W. Schmidt, W. Appt, N. Wittekindt, Z. Naturforsch. 27a, 37 (1972).9. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974).10. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

166

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DQOC

ILC

592

0C 23

H 23N

2OI

470.

35So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

DQOC

I

167

DQOCI (LC 5920)Constitution1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolyloxacarbocyanine Iodide

C23H23N2OI · MW: 470.35

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5920CAS registry number: -Appearance: violet, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 592 nmMolar absorptivity: 13.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Fluorol 7GA and Rhodamine 6G dyelasers 1., 2.). Applicable around 590 nm.

References1. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977).2. R. S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974).

168

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DCI-2

LC 5

950

C 25H 25

N2I

480.

39So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

DCI-2

169

DCI-2 (LC 5950)Constitution1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-carbocyanine IodidePinacyanol Iodide · Chinaldinblau

C25H25N2I · MW: 480.39

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 5950CAS registry number: -Appearance: violet, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 606 nmMolar absorptivity: 17.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers 1.). Appli-cable around 606 nm.

References1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).

170

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 5

97

110

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

250

200

300

350

400

450

550

500

Pyrr

omet

hene

597

LC 5

970

C 22H 33

BF2N

237

4.32

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

171

Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970)Constitution4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene2,6-Di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C22H33BF2N2 · MW: 374.32





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 593 - - 0.08 Ethanol 1, 2

References1. J. H. Boyer et al., Appl. Optics 30(27), 3788 (1991).2. J. H. Boyer et al., Heteroatom Chem. 4(1), 39 (1993).

172

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678910

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Rhod

amin

e B

LC 6

100

C 28H 31

N2O

3Cl

479.

02So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Rhod

amin

e B

173

Rhodamine B (LC 6100)Constitution2-[6-(Diethylamino)-3-(diethylimino)-3H-xanthen-9-yl] benzoic acidRhodamine 610

C28H31N2O3Cl · MW: 479.02

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6100CAS registry number: 81-88-9Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 552 nmMolar absorptivity: 10.7 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceVery efficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation;tunable around 610 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 600 588 - 644 12 0.91 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 622 599 - 650 rel. 2.13 Methanol 2, 3, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 594 584 - 619 29 0.22 Methanol 1, 5, 6Cu-vapo 510 591 582 - 618 21 0.62 Ethanol 7, 8Flashlamp - 618 590 - 640 - 0.05 Ethanol 9, 10CW, Ar+ all 640 605 - 675 - 3.53 MeOH/Eg. 11

Referencessee page 164.

174

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678910

11

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e B

LC 6

200

C 27H 30

N2S

2O7 ·

Na

558.

66So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e B

175

Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200)ConstitutionEthanaminium, N-[6-diethylamino)-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylhydroxid, inner salt, sodium saltKiton Red 620 · Kiton Red S

C27H30N2S2O7 · Na · MW: 558.66



Lasing PerformanceEfficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; perfor-mance similar to Rhodamin B; tunable around 620 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 605 594 - 642 12 0.90 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 622 600 - 646 rel. 2.85 Methanol 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 588 579 - 600 29 0.27 Methanol 1Cu-vapo 510 620 598 - 645 14 1.74 Methanol 4Flashlamp - 629 600 - 650 - 3.91 Methanol 5, 6CW, Ar+ all 625 598 - 650 - 2.50 MeOH/Eg. 1, 7


176

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Mal

achi

t Gre

enLC

622

0C 25

H 27N

2O4

419.

51So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Mal

achi

t Gre

en

177

Malachit Green (LC 6220)ConstitutionMalachit Grün Oxalat

C25H27N2O4 · MW: 419.51

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6220CAS registry number: -Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (ethanol): 622 nmMolar absorptivity: 8.07 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceAdditive for CW pumped, passivlely mode locked Rhodamine 6G dye lasers.

References1. M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979).2. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983).

178

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DTCI

DTCI

LC 6

250

C 21H 21

N 2S2I

492.

43So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

246810

12

14

179

DTCI (LC 6250)Constitution3,3'-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2S2I · MW: 492.43

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6250CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in methanol): 557 nmMolar absorptivity: 14.60 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 625 nm. Saturable absorber forflashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 560 nm2.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 625 - - 0.10 Glyzerine 1

References1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).

180

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DQTC

IDQ

TCI

LC 6

290

C 23H 23

N2S

I48

6.41

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

181

DQTCI (LC 6290)Constitution1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C23H23N2SI · MW: 486.41

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6290CAS registry number: -Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in methanol): 629 nmMolar absorptivity: 13.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine B dye lasers; applicablearound 630 nm 1., 2.).

References1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125(1972).2. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107(1977).

182

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123456789

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Rhod

amin

e 10

1Rh

odam

ine

101

LC 6

400

C 32H 31

N2O

7Cl

591.

06So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

183

Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400)Constitution8-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium PerchlorateRhodamine 640

C32H31N2O7Cl · MW: 591.06

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6400CAS registry number: 64339-18-0Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in acidic ethanol): 576 nmMolar absorptivity: 9.50 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 623 614 - 672 12 0.75 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 648 623 - 676 rel. 2.36 Methanol 2, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 621 611 - 662 26 0.50 Methanol 1, 5, 6Cu-vapor 510 630 607 - 659 14 - Methanol 7Flashlamp - - - - - Ethanol 8CW, Ar+ VIS 625 610 - 695 - 2.5 MeOH/Eg. 1, 9


184

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

DCM

LC 6

500

C 19H 17

N3

303.

36So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

DCM

185

DCM (LC 6500)Constitution4-Dicyanmethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H -pyran

C19H17N3 · MW: 303.36



Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm. DCMSpecial gives higher efficiency due to better solubility.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 658 632 - 690 12 0.71 DMSO 1, 2Nitrogen 337 659 626 - 703 rel. 0.50 DMSO 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 639 615 - 666 27 0.50 PC 1, 4Cu-vapor 510 644 598 - 677 14 0.61 Methanol 5Flashlamp - 655 610 - 710 - 0.76 DMSO 6, 7CW, Ar+ VIS 660 - - 0.45 Bz./Eg. 1, 8, 9, 10


P.S.LC 6501 is a 1:1 mixture of LC 6500 and LC 6200 giving high absorption at thegreen line of an Ar-Ion laser. Its application should be restricted tothis pumplaser only.

186

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Py

rrom

ethe

ne 6

50

200

5 4 3 2 1

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Pyrr

omet

hene

650

LC 6

505

C 16H 18

BF2N

330

1.15

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

187

Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505)Constitution4,4-Difluoro-8-cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene8-Cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C16H18BF2N3 · MW: 301.15

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6505CAS registry number: -Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 590 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.05 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 532 630 - 31 0.03 Ethanol 1

References1. T. H. Allik et al., SPIE Proceedings 2115, 240 (1994).

188

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

26810

12

414

1618

20

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DODC

ILC

655

0C 23

H 23N

2O2I

486.

35So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

DODC

I

189

DODCI (LC 6550)Constitution3,3'-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine IodideNK 1533

C23H23N2O2I · MW: 486.35

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6550CAS registry number: -Appearance: blue, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 582 nmMolar absorptivity: 22.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 660 nm. Most frequently usedsaturable absorber for flashlamp and CW pumped Rhodamine 6G und RhodaminB dye lasers 3., 4., 5.). Applicable around 580 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 - - - 0.49 Ethanol 1Flashlamp - 662 - - 0.10 DMSO 2

References1. C. Rulliere, Chem. Phys. Letters 43(2), 303 (1976).2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).3. M. Young, Appl. Optics. 18(19), 3212 (1979).4. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983).5. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972).

190

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678910

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e 10

1LC

660

0C 31

H 30N

2O7S

260

6.71

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e 10

1

191

Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600)Constitution8-(2, 4-Disulfophenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xantheneSulforhodamine 640

C31H30N2O7S2 · MW: 606.71

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6600Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 578 nmMolar absorptivity: 10.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

For research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]XeCl-Excimer 308 652 616 - 667 15 0.78 Methanol 2, 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 628 619 - 673 15 0.3 Methanol 1, 4CW, Ar+ VIS 625 598 - 650 - 2.5 Eg. 5, 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik.4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13(7), 544 (1977).5. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90.6. M. Yamashita et al., Opt. Commun. 26(3), 343 (1978).

192

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

16 5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Cres

yl Vi

olet

LC 6

700

C 16H 12

N3O

5Cl

361.

74So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Cres

yl Vi

olet

193

Cresyl Violet (LC 6700)Constitution5,9-Diaminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium PerchlorateCresyl Violet 670

C16H12N3O5Cl · MW: 361.74





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 656 643 - 688 5 0.50 Ethanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 650 630 - 680 rel. 0.36 Ethanol 4, 5Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 630 614 - 654 36 0.04 Methanol 6, 7Flashlamp - 650 630 - 680 - 0.01 Methanol 8, 9CW, Ar+ VIS 670 650 - 695 4 1.09 Eg. 10


194

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->Ph

enox

azon

e 9

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

1234

Phen

oxaz

one

9LC

675

0C 20

H 18N

2O2

318.

37So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

195

Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750)Constitution9-Diethylamino-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazin-5-one

C20H18N2O2 · MW: 318.37

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6750CAS registry number: 7385-67-3Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (ethanol): 550 nmMolar absorptivity: 2.83 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 650nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 620 560 - 700 rel. 0.32 Ethanol 1Flashlamp - - - - 0.03 various 1

References1. D. Basting, D. Ouw, F. P. Schäfer, Opt. Commun. 18(3), 260 (1976).

196

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1234567

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Nile

Blu

eLC

690

0C 20

H 20N

3O5C

l41

7.85

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Nile

Blu

e

197

Nile Blue (LC 6900)Constitution5-Amino-9-diethyliminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium Perchlorate

C20H20N3O5Cl · MW: 417.85

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6900CAS registry number: 53340-16-2Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (ethanol): 633 nmMolar absorptivity: 7.75 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 703 688 - 747 5 0.47 Methanol 1, 2Nitrogen 337 695 683 - 751 rel. 0.45 Methanol 2Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 683 - 18 0.08 Methanol 3Cu-vapor 510 695 682 - 730 4 0.84 Methanol 4Flashlamp - 710 690 - 750 poor 0.31 Methanol 5CW, Kr+ red 730 690 - 780 7 1.2 Eg. 6

References1. Lambda Physik.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 19 (1976).4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

198

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Oxaz

ine

4LC

695

0C 18

H 22N

3O5C

l39

5.84

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Oxaz

ine

4

199

Oxazine 4 (LC 6950)Constitution3-Ethylamino-7-ethylimino-2,8-dimethylphenoxazin-5-ium PerchlorateLD 690

C18H22N3O5Cl · MW: 395.84

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 6950CAS registry number: -Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (ethanol): 615 nmMolar absorptivity: 10.9 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 703 665 - 718 5 0.53 DMSO 1Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 660 - - - - 2CW, Ar+ all - - - + DCM - 3

References1. Lambda Physik.2. R. J. Hall et al., Opt. Letters 4(3), 87 (1979).3. J. Heber, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(1), 9 (1984).

200

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

2410

8 579 136

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Rhod

amin

e 70

0LC

700

0C 26

H 26N 2O

5ClF

353

8.95

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Rhod

amin

e 70

0

201

Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000)Constitution8-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium PerchlorateLD 700

C26H26N2O5ClF3 · MW: 538.95

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7000Appearance: brown, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 643 nmMolar absorptivity: 9.25 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceVery efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 723 701 - 768 11 0.85 Methanol 1, 2Flashlamp - - 705 - 798 - 0.11 Ethanol 3CW, Kr+ red 740 690 - 785 - 1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 5, 6

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(2), 108 (1984).4. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics. 21(13), 2307 (1982).5. G. D. Aumiller, Appl. Optics 23(5), 651 (1984).6. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 40(3), 212 (1982).

202

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

3 2 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Pyrid

ine

1Py

ridin

e 1

LC 7

100

C 19H 23

N2O

4Cl

378.

85So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

203

Pyridine 1 (LC 7100)Constitution1-Ethyl-2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium PerchloratLDS 698

C19H23N2O4Cl · MW: 378.85

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7100Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 480 nmMolar absorptivity: 3.80 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 710 nm


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 710 670 - 760 10 0.84 DMSO 1, 2Nitrogen 337 703 675 - 750 rel. 0.88 DMSO 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 697 667 - 736 32 0.36 PC 1, 4Cu-vapor 510 684 661 - 724 6 1.17 Methanol 5CW, Ar+ VIS 710 670 - 780 - - Pc./Eg. 6, 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. Lambda Physik.5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).6. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).7. Ph. Bado et al., Opt. Commun. 46(3,4), 241 (1983).

204

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

127 6 5 4 3

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Carb

azin

e 12

2LC

720

0C 22

H 18NO

3Na

367.

38So

lven

t: Et

hano

l (ba

sic)

Carb

azin

e 12

2

205

Carbazine 122 (LC 7200)ConstitutionCarbazine 720

C22H18NO3Na · MW: 367.38

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7200CAS registry number: -Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 655 nmMolar absorptivity: 7.54 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XNd:YAG, 2nd 532 720 - 30 1.10 Water 1, 2, 3Flashlamp - 700 680 - 740 - 0.07 Methanol 4CW, Kr+ red 750 690 - 820 - 0.72 Eg. 5

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).2. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976).3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 18(4), 447 (1976).4. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).5. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980).

206

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

250

300

350

450

500

600

650

Oxaz

ine

170

123456789

200

400

550

Oxaz

ine

170

LC 7

210

C 21H 22

N3O

5Cl

431.

87So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

207

Oxazine 170 (LC 7210)Constitution9-Ethylamino-5-ethylimino-10-methyl-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazonium PerchlorateOxazine 720C21H22N3O5Cl · MW: 431.87





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 708 660 - 728 4 1.14 Methanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 705 672 - 727 rel. 0.79 Methanol 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 672 - 20 0.08 Methanol 5, 6Cu-vapor 510 675 660 - 712 12 0.13 Methanol 7CW, Kr+ red 730 670 - 740 - 0.86 Eg. 8

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976).6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).8. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980).

208

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

2410

8 579 136

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Oxaz

ine

1LC

725

0C 20

H 26N

3O5C

l42

3.90

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Oxaz

ine

1

209

Oxazine 1 (LC 7250)Constitution3-Diethylamino-7-diethyliminophenoxazonium PerchlorateOxazine 725

C20H26N3O5Cl · MW: 423.90





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 734 692 - 768 6 0.85 Ethanol 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 730 692 - 751 - 1.96 Ethanol 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 695 - 18 0.07 Methanol 5, 6Flashlamp - 720 700 - 740 - - Methanol 7CW, Kr+ red 720 695 - 800 - 1.20 Eg. 8

References1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

210

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

DTDC

ILC

726

0C 23

H 23N 2S

2I51

8.47

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

DTDC

I

211

DTDCI (LC 7260)Constitution3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine IodideNK 136

C23H23N2S2I · MW: 518.47



Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 760 nm. Saturable absorber forflashlamp pumped Rhodamine 101 dye lasers; applicable around 650 nm 1.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 695 - - 0.13 Acetone 2Flashlamp - 760 - - 0.10 DMSO 3

References1. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978).2. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).3. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

212

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

38 7 6 5 4 12

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Oxaz

ine

750

LC 7

270

C 24H 24

N3O

5Cl

469.

92So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

Oxaz

ine

750

213

Oxazine 750 (LC 7270)ConstitutionC24H24N3O5Cl · MW: 469.92





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 777 735 - 796 6 1.25 DMSO 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 724 708 - 780 rel. 0.50 Ethanol 3, 4CW, Kr+ red 810 790 - 900 - 0.62 PC./Eg. 5

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1983).4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE18(7), 1164 (1982).5. G. D. Aumiller, Opt. Commun. 41(2), 115 (1982).

214

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

4 3 2 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Pyrid

ine

2Py

ridin

e 2

LC 7

300

C 19H 23

N2O

4Cl

378.

85So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

215

Pyridine 2 (LC 7300)Constitution1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium PerchloratLDS 722

C19H23N2O4Cl · MW: 378.85

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7300Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 500 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.22 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 740 nm


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 740 695 - 790 11 0.72 DMSO 1Nitrogen 337 743 710 - 790 rel. 0.85 DMSO 2Nd:YAG 532 750 725 - 776 21 0.22 PC 3Cu-vapor 510 722 687 - 755 4 1.00 Methanol 4CW, Ar+ VIS 720 685 - 820 - 0.75 Pc./Eg. 1

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.3. Lambda Physik.3. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

216

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

HIDC

ILC

740

0C 27

H 31N

2I51

0.46

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

HIDC

I

217

HIDCI (LC 7400)Constitution1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindodicarbocyanine IodideHexacyanine 2

C27H31N2I · MW: 510.46

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7400CAS registry number: 36536-22-8Appearance: blue, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 639 nmMolar absorptivity: 22.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 740 nm. Saturable absorber forflashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 630 nm1.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 740 - - 0.11 DMSO 2

References1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

218

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Cryp

tocy

anin

eLC

745

0C 25

H 25N

2I48

0.39

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Cryp

tocy

anin

e

219

Cryptocyanine (LC 7450)Constitution1,1'-Diethyl-4,4'-carbocyanine IodideDCI-4

C25H25N2I · MW: 480.39



Lasing PerformanceSaturable absorber for the ruby laser; applicable around 700 nm1., 2., 3., 4.).

References1. M. L. Spaeth, W. R. Sooy, J. Chem. Phys. 48(5), 2315 (1968).2. I. K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968).3. H. W. Mocker, R. J. Collins, Appl. Phys. Letters 7(10), 270 (1965).4. V. I. Malyshev, A. S. Markin, A. A. Sychev, JETP Letters 6, 34 (1967).

220

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

Styr

yl 6

LC 7

500

C 23H 27

N2O

4Cl

430.

93So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Styr

yl 6

221

Styryl 6 (LC 7500)Constitution2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indoliumPerchlorateLDS 730

C23H27N2O4Cl · MW: 430.93



Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 720 nm


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 721 708 - 735 16 0.28 PC 1

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantaum Electr. QE-16(10), 1017 (1980).

222

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

6 5 4 3 2 1

200

250

300

400

550

700

350

450

500

600

650

Styr

yl 8

Styr

yl 8

LC 7

550

C 21H 23

N2S

O4C

l43

4.94

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

223

Styryl 8 (LC 7550)Constitution2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-3-ethylbenzothoazolium PerchloratLDS 751

C21H23N2SO4Cl · MW: 434.94



Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 750 717 - 780 13 0.15 PC 1Cu-vapor 510 711 703 - 724 3 1.70 Methanol 2CW, Ar+ VIS 780 700 - 840 - - Pc./Eg. 3, 4

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).3. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).4. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985).

224

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

200

300

250

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

DDI

DDI

LC 7

700

C 27H 27

N2I

506.

43So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

225

DDI (LC 7700)Constitution1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-dicarbocyanine Iodide

C27H27N2I · MW: 506.43

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7700CAS registry number: 14187-31-6Appearance: green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in methanol): 710 nmMolar absorptivity: 23.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 800 nm. Saturable absorber forthe Ruby laser and flashlamp pumped Cresyl Violet and Rhodamine 700 dyelasers; applicable around 710 nm1., 2., 3.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Ruby 694 806 - 13 0.03 Ethanol 4

References1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972).2. M. E. Mack, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968).3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. 20(2), 108 (1984).4. A. M. Bonch-Bruevich, Opt. Spectr. 28, 51 (1970).

226

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

700

650

Pyrid

ine

4Py

ridin

e 4

LC 7

710

C 23H 27

N2O

4Cl

430.

5So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

227

Pyridine 4 (LC 7710)Constitution1-Ethyl-4-(4-(9-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorate

C23H27N2O4Cl · MW: 430.5

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7710CAS Registry number: -Appearance: dark brown, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 550 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.26 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): -For research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 771 744 - 812 7 0.75 DMSO 1


228

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

18

16

14

12

10

8 6 4

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Met

hyl-D

OTCI

LC 7

800

C 23H 21

N2O

2I48

4.31

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Met

hyl-D

OTCI

229

Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800)Constitution3,3'-Dimethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide DMOTCI · NK 199

C23H21N2O2I · MW: 484.31

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 7800Appearance: blue, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 682 nmMolar absorptivity: 19.8 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]XeCl-Excimer 308 792 774 - 810 4 0.90 DMSO 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 780 768 - 820 rel. 0.51 DMSO 3, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 780 - rel. - DMSO 5Flashlamp - 810 - - 0-07 DMSO 6CW, Kr+ red - 745 - 790 - 1.45 Eg. 7

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).6. C. Loth, P. Flamant, Opt. Commun. 21(1), 13 (1977).7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

P.S.The DOTCI (3,3'-Diethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide) shows identical performance,however, its photochemical stability is much lower.

230

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

1

Styr

yl 11

5 4 3 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Styr

yl 11

LC 7

950

C 23H 25

N2O

4Cl

428.

5So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

231

Styryl 11 (LC 7950)Constitution1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-quinolinium PerchlorateLDS 798

C23H25N2O4Cl · MW: 428.5





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

CW, Ar+ VIS 800 770 - 845 5 0.51 Pc./Eg. 1

References1. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).

232

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

123456789

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Rhod

amin

e 80

0LC

800

0C 26

H 26N

3O5C

l49

5.52

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

Rhod

amin

e 80

0

233

Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000)Constitution8-Cyano-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate

C26H26N3O5Cl · MW: 495.52





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 810 776 - 823 6 1.00 DMSO 1CW, Kr+ red 795 730 - 835 22 0.21 Eg. 2

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. R. Raue, H. Harnisch, K. H. Drexhage, Heterocycles 21(1), 167 (1984).

234

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

5 4 3 2 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Styr

yl 9M

Styr

yl 9M

LC 8

400

C 27H 31

N2O

4SCl

513.

96So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

235

Styryl 9M (LC 8400)Constitution2-(6-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methyl-benzothiazolium PerchloratLDS 821

C27H31N2O4SCl · MW: 513.96





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 840 810 - 875 9 1.10 DMSO 1,2Nitrogen 337 840 803 - 875 rel. 1.03 DMSO 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 824 797 - 851 15 0.26 Pc. 1, 4Cu-vapor 510 815 793 - 845 14 0.67 Methanol 5Flashlamp - 840 810 - 860 - 0.01 Pc./Eg. 6, 7CW, Ar+ VIS 830 785 - 900 - 2.0 Pc./Eg. 1, 8,9


P.S.The 3-Ethyl-derivative (Styryl 9/LDS 820) shows similar performance. However,its photochemical stability in CW pumped dye lasers is slightly lower.

236

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->References (STYRYL 9M)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(19), 1017 (1980).5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).6. K. Smith, W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984).7. Cheng-Huei Lin, B. Marshall, Appl. Optics 23(14), 2228 (1984).8. J. Hofnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).9. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985).

References (HITCI)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 3553 (1981).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 1886 (1981).6. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339(1973).7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.8. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (IR 140)1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).3. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).7. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).8. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.10. Lambda Physik.

237

238

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

1416

18

20

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

HITC

ILC

850

0C 29

H 33N

2I53

6.50

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

HITC

I

239

HITCI (LC 8500)Constitution1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine IodideHexacyanine 3

C29H33N2I · MW: 536.50





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 868 837 - 905 4 1.20 DMSO 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 846 828 -891 rel. 1.06 DMSO 3, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 815 - - - Ethanol 5Flashlamp - 879 - - 0.11 DMSO 6CW, Kr+ ir 880 815 - 920 10 0.3 DMSO/Eg. 7, 8


240

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

IR 1

25LC

863

0C 43

H 47N 2O

6S2N

a77

4.96

Solv

ent:

DMSO

16

14

12

10

8 6 4 2

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 1

25

241

IR 125 (LC 8630)ConstitutionC43H47N2O6S2Na · MW: 774.96

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 8630CAS registry number: 3599-32-4Appearance: bronze, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in DMSO): 795 nmMolar absorptivity: 17.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 838For research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 920 890 - 960 4 2.0 DMSO 1Nitrogen 337 918 893 - 958 rel. 1.94 DMSO 2, 3Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 913 - 3 0.39 DMSO 4Flashlamp - 940 - - 0.08 DMSO 5

References1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90.2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.3. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).4. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).5. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).

242

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DTTC

ILC

876

0C 25

H 25N 2S

2I54

4.51

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

DTTC

I

243

DTTCI (LC 8760)Constitution3,3'-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide

C25H25N2S2I · MW: 544.51

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 8760CAS registry number: 3071-70-3Appearance: blue, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 760 nmMolar absorptivity: 21.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 849 828 - 883 1 0.42 DMSO 1Nitrogen 337 852 834 - 892 rel. 0.60 DMSO 1, 2Flashlamp - 889 - - 0.11 Methanol 3, 4

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).2. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).4. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

244

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14

12 10

8 6 4 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 1

44LC

880

0C 56

H 73N

5O8S

210

08.3

4So

lven

t: Et

hano

lIR 1

44

245

IR 144 (LC 8800)ConstitutionC56H73N5O8S2 · MW: 1008.34

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 8800CAS registry number: 54849-69-3Appearance: bronze, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in DMSO): 750 nmMolar absorptivity: 14.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 848For research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 869 856 - 879 3 1.08 DMSO 1, 2Nitrogen 337 874 862 - 892 rel. 1.61 DMSO 1, 3, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 867 - 6 0.30 DMSO 5, 6Flashlamp - 880 - - 0.10 DMSO 7

References1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics. 20(10), 1886 (1981).6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).7. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).

246

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14 3 25

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styr

yl 15

Styr

yl 15

LC 8

810

C 31H 35

N2O

4SCl

566.

5So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

247

Styryl 15 (LC 8810)Constitution2-(6-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C31H35N2O4SCl · MW: 566.5

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 8810CAS Registry number: -Appearance: dark green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 648 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.42 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 880 856 - 918 7 1.15 DMSO 1Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 880 856 - 918 7 0.62 Pc. 1


248

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

620

18

16

14

12

10

8 4 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

DNTT

CIDN

TTCI

LC 8

850

C 30H 33

N 2S2I

612.

63So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

249

DNTTCI (LC 8850)Constitution3,3'-Diethyl-9,11-neopentylenethiatricarbocyanine Iodide

C30H33N2S2I · MW: 612.63

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 8850CAS registry number: -Appearance: brass colored, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 765nmMolar absorptivity: 22.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum : -For research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - 880 - - 0.12 DMSO 1

References1. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

250

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

246810

12

14

16

18

20

22

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

HDIT

CIHD

ITCI

LC 9

200

C 37H 37

N2I

636.

62So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

251

HDITCI (LC 9200)Constitution1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzo-2,2'-indotricarbocyanine IodideHexadibenzocyanin 3

C37H37N2I · MW: 636.62

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9200CAS registry number: 23178-67-8Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 780 nmMolar absorptivity: 23.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 920 nm. Saturableabsorber for CW pumped Oxazine 170 dye lasers; applicable around 780 nm 1.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 932 899-975 4 0.90 DMSO 1, 2CW, Kr+ red 920 880 - 960 2 0.95 DMSO/Eg. 3

References1. G. W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 33(2), 159 (1978).2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).3. K. M. Romanek et al., Opt. Commun. 21(1), 16 (1977).

252

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

18

16

14

12

10

8 6 4 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DDTT

CILC

928

0C 33

H 29N 2S

2I64

4.43

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

DDTT

CI

253

DDTTCI (LC 9280)Constitution3,3'-Diethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzothiatricarbocyanine IodideHexadibenzocyaini 45

C33H29N2S2I · MW: 644.43

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9280CAS registry number: -Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 798 nmMolar absorptivity: 19.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 932 899 - 975 5 0.92 DMSO 1, 2Nitrogen 337 870 - rel. 0.32 Acetone 3Flashlamp - 946 - - Pc./DMSO 4

References1. Lambda Physik.2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).3. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).4. A. Hirth, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 8(4), 318 (1973).

254

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8 6 4 2

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DDCI

-4DD

CI-4

LC 9

300

C 27H 27

N2O

506.

43So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

255

DDCI-4 (LC 9300)Constitution1,2'-Diethyl-4,4'-dicarbocyanine IodideNK 1144

C27H27N2O · MW: 506.43





[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 930 - rel. 0.50 Acetone 1

References1. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).

256

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

16

14

12

10

8 246

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 1

40LC

931

0C 39

H 34N

3O4S

2Cl 3

779.

21So

lven

t: Et

hano

l

IR 1

40

257

IR 140 (LC 9310)ConstitutionC39H34N3O4S2Cl3 · MW: 779.21

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9310CAS registry number: 53655-17-7Appearance: brown, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 810 nmMolar absorptivity: 15.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 950 882 - 985 3 1.10 DMSO 1, 2, 3Nitrogen 337 910 900 - 936 rel. 0.78 DMSO 3, 4Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 890 - 5 0.31 DMSO 5, 6, 7Flashlamp - 950 - - 0.08 DMSO 8CW, Kr+ VIS 970 880 - 1010 14 0.71 DMSO/Eg. 9, 10


258

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

14 3 25

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styr

yl 14

Sryl

14LC

945

0C 29

H 33N

2O4S

Cl54

0.5

Solv

ent:

Etha

nol

259

Styryl 14 (LC 9450)Constitution2-(8-(4-p-Dimetyhlaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C29H33N2O4SCl · MW: 540.5

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9450CAS Registry number: -Appearance: dark green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 588 nmMolar absorptivity: 5.17 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1




[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]



260

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

IR 1

32LC

950

0C 59

H 48N 3O

8S2C

l10

26.6

2So

lven

t: DM

SO

14

12

10

8 6 4 2

200

250

300

400

350

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

IR 1

32

261

IR 132 (LC 9500)ConstitutionC59H48N3O8S2Cl · MW: 1026.62

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9500CAS registry number: 62669-62-9Appearance: red, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in DMSO): 830 nmMolar absorptivity: 15.9 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 861 nmFor research and development purposes only.



[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 909 - 1 0.51 DMSO 1Flashlamp - 972 - - 0.10 DMSO 2ML, Kr+ VIS - 863 - 1048 - 0.80 DMSO 3

References1. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).2. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114(1975).3. M. Leduc, Opt. Commun. 31(1), 66(1979).

262

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

5 4 3 2 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styr

yl 20

Styr

yl 20

LC 9

940

C 33H 37

N2O

4SCl

592.

5So

lven

t: DM

SO

263

Styryl 20 (LC 9940)Constitution2-(8-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C33H37N2O4SCl · MW: 592.5

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 9940CAS registry number: -Appearance: dark green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in ethanol): 645 nmMolar absorptivity: 4.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceEfficient IR laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 990 nm.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]



264

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

12345678910

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

IR 2

6LC

108

0C 40

H 30O 4S

2Cl 2

709.

70So

lven

t: Di

chlo

roet

hane

IR 2

6

265

IR 26 (LC 1080)ConstitutionC40H30O4S2Cl2 · MW: 709.70

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 1080CAS registry number: 76871-75-5Appearance: dark green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1080 nmMolar absorptivity: 10.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in benzyl alcohol): 1180 nmFor research and development purposes only.

Lasing PerformanceEfficient laser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunablearound 1030 nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:YAG lasers.


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 1064 1290 1200 - 1320 4 0.71 Bz. 1, 2, 3, 4

References1. W. Kranitzky et al., Opt. Commun. 36(2), 149 (1981).2. A. Seilmeier et al., Optics. Letters 8(4), 205 (1983).3. A. Seilmeier, Opt. Quantum Electr. 16, 89 (1984).4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(7), 698 (1984).

266

WA

VE

LE

NG

TH

[NM

] --

->

ABSORBANCE [10-4

* L/(MOL*CM] --->

139 8 7 6 5 4 2

300

400

500

600

700

900

800

1000

1100

1200

IR 5

IR 5

LC 1

090

C 50H 43

O6C

l77

5.34

Solv

ent:

Dich

loro

etha

ne

267

IR 5 (LC 1090)ConstitutionC50H43O6Cl · MW: 775.34

CharacteristicsLambdachrome® number: 1090CAS registry number: 61010-01-3Appearance: dark green, crystalline solidAbsorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1090 nmMolar absorptivity: 9.30x 104 L mol-1 cm-1


Lasing PerformanceLaser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunable around 1300nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:glass lasers2.).


[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 1064 1320 1180 - 1400 10 0.64 DCE 1, 2,

References1. T. Elsaesser et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(3), 191 (1984).2. R. R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981).

268

Saturable Absorbersa: Dye/LC #b: Applicationc: Literature

a: DASPI/LC 4660b: s.a. for FL-pumped C1-, C102-, C466-, C6H-dye laser

applicable in the 480 - 500 nm rangec: Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983)

a: DASBTI/LC 5280b: s.a. for FL-pumped C6-, C522-, C153-, Rh110-dye laser

applicable in the 500 - 540 nm rangec: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 44(2), 121 (1982)

W. Sibbett et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 191 (1982)W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-19(4), 558 (1983)

a: DOCI/LC 5410b: s.a. for FL-pumped C102-, C500-, XeCl-pumped C102-dye laser

applicable in the 480 - 500 nm rangec: J.C. Mialocq et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(9), 819 (1978)

R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981)Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353 (1983)M. Watanabe et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 45(9), 929 (1984)

a: DMETCI/LC 5460b: s.a. for FL-pumped C153-dye laser

applicable in the 530 - 550 nm rangec: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982)

a: DQOCI/LC 5920b: s.a. for FL-pumped Fluorol 7GA-, Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 550 - 590 nm rangec: E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977)

R.S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974)

a: DCI-2/LC 5950b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 560 - 600 nm rangec: M. Maeda et al., Japan J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974)

269

a: Malachit Green/LC 6220b: additive for CW-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in combination with DODCI as s.a.c: M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979)

A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-19(4), 533 (1983)

a: DTCI/LC 6250b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 580 nm rangec: M. Maeda et al., J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974)

a: DQTCI/LC 6290b: s.a. for FL-pumped RhB-dye laser

applicable in the 600 - 620 nm rangec: E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107 (1977)

a: DODCI/LC 6550b: "state of the art"-s.a. for CW- and FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 570 - 600 nm rangec: elsewhere

a: DTDCI/LC 7260b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh101-, CV/Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 630 - 650 nm rangec: J. Negran et al., Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978)

E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

a: Cryptocyanine/LC 7450b: s.a. for Ruby-lasersc: I.K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968)

H.W. Mocker et al., Appl Phys. Lett. 7(10), 270 (1965)V.I. Malyshev et al., JETP Letters 6(2), 34 (1967)

a: DDI/LC 7700b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV/Rh6G-, Rh700-dye laser, Ruby-laser

applicable in the 680 - 710 nm rangec: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

M.E. Mack, IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968)W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-20(2), 108 (1984)

a: DOTCI/LC 7880b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV-dye laser

applicable in the 680 - 700 nm rangec: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

270

a: HITCI/LC 8500b: s.a. for FL-pumped DOTCI-dye laser

applicable in the 750 - 800 nm rangec: A. Hirth et al., Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973)

a: HDITCI/LC 9200b: s.a. for CW-pumped Oxazine 750-dye laser

applicable in the 750 - 830 nm rangec: G.W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(2), 159 (1978)

a: IR 140/LC 9310b: s.a. for FL- and CW-pumped Styryl 9-dye laser

applicable in the 840 nm rangec: K. Smith et al., Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984)

a: IR 26/LC 1080b: s.a. for Nd:YAG-laserc: B. Kopainsky et al., Appl. Phys. B-29, 15 (1982)

a: IR 5/LC 1090b: s.a. for Nd:glass-laserc: R.R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981)

Abbreviations used:

C CoumarinCV Cresyl VioletCW continuous waveFL flashlampLC Lambdachrome®

Rh Rhodamines.a. saturable absorber

271

Reference ListLC Lambdachrome® correspondsNo. Dye to3300 BM-Terphenyl DMT3400 PTP p-Terphenyl3500 TMQ TMQ3570 BMQ -3590 DMQ -3600 Butyl-PBD BPBD-3653640 PBD PBD3650 TMI -3690 QUI -3700 PPO PPO3720 PPF -3740 PQP p-Quaterphenyl3780 BBD -3800 Polyphenyl 1 -3810 Polyphenyl 2 -3860 BiBuQ BBQ3900 Quinolon 390 LD 3903950 a-NPO a-NPO3990 Furan 2 -4000 PBBO PBBO4090 DPS DPS4100 Stilbene 1 -4150 BBO BBO4200 Stilbene 3 Stilbene 4204220 Carbostyryl 7 Carbostyryl 1244230 POPOP POPOP4240 Coumarin 4 Umbelliferon 474250 Bis-MSB Bis-MSB4300 BBOT -4350 Carbostyryl 3 Carbostyryl 1654400 Coumarin 120 Coumarin 4404500 Coumarin 2 Coumarin 4504650 DASPI -4660 Coumarin 466 LD 466, C1H

272

LC Lambdachrome® correspondsNo. Dye to4700 Coumarin 47 Coumarin 460, Coumarin 14800 Coumarin 102 Coumarin 4804810 Coumarin 152A Coumarin 481, Coumarin 354850 Coumarin 152 Coumarin 4854900 Coumarin 151 Coumarin4910 Coumarin 6H LD 4905000 Coumarin 307 Coumarin 5035010 Coumarin 500 Coumarin 5005040 Coumarin 314 Coumarin 5045100 Coumarin 510 Coumarin 5105150 Coumarin 30 Coumarin 5155210 Coumarin 334 Coumarin 5215220 Coumarin 522 Coumarin 5225280 DASBTI -5350 Coumarin 7 Coumarin 5355360 Brillant Sulfaflavine Brillant Sulfaflavin5370 Coumarin 6 Coumarin 5405400 Coumarin 153 Coumarin 540A5410 DOCI DOC, NK 855460 DMETCI -5520 Uranin Disodium Fluorescein5530 Fluorescein 27 Fluorescein 5485700 Rhodamine 110 Rhodamine 5605750 Rhodamine 19 Rhodamine 5755900 Rhodamine 6G Rhodamine 5905901 Rhodamine 6G (Perchl.) Rhodamine 590 (Perchl.)5920 DQOCI -5950 DCI-2 -6100 Rhodamine B Rhodamine 6106101 Rhodamine B (Perchl.) Rhodamine 610 (Perchl.)6200 Sulforhodamine B Kiton Red 6206220 Malachit Green -6250 DTCI NK 766290 DQTCI -6400 Rhodamine 101 Rhodamine 6406500 DCM DCM

273

LC Lambdachrome® correspondsNo. Dye to6501 DCM-spec. -6550 DODCI DODC-Iodide6600 Sulforhodamine 101 Sulforhodamine 6406700 Cresyl Violet Cresyl Violet 6706900 Nile Blue Nile Blue 6906950 Oxazine 4 LD 6907000 Rhodamine 700 LD 7007100 Pyridin 1 LDS 6987210 Oxazine 170 Oxazine 7207250 Oxazine 1 Oxazine 7257260 DTDCI DTDC-Iodide, NK 1367270 Oxazine 750 Oxazine 7507300 Pyridin 2 LDS 7227400 HIDCI Hexacyanine 2, NK 5297500 Styryl 6 LDS 7307550 Styryl 8 LDS 7517700 DDI NK 14567710 Pyridin 4 -7800 Methyl-DOTCI DMOTC-Iodide, NK 1997880 DOTCI DEOTC-Iodide7950 Styryl 11 LDS 7988000 Rhodamine 800 -8410 Styryl 9 (M) LDS 820 (821)8500 HITCI Hexacyanine 3, NK 1258630 IR 125 IR 1258760 DTTCI DTTC-Iodide, NK 1268800 IR 144 IR 1448810 Styryl 15 -8850 DNTTCI -9300 DDCI-4 NK 11449310 IR 140 IR 1409500 IR 132 IR 1329940 Styryl 20 -10600 IR 25 -10800 IR 26 IR 2610810 IR 26 (HFB) -10900 IR 5 IR 5

274

Tuning CurvesTuning curves of excimer-, nitrogen-, Nd:YAG-, and CW-laser pumped dyelasers are shown on the following pages. Parameters given are defined asfollows:

PeakOutput maximum of the tuning curve, in nanometers.

Tuning RangeThe tuning range is defined as the range, in nanometers, giving an efficiencylarger than 10 percent of the maximum. All tuning ranges are restricted tobroadband operation.

EfficiencyDye laser output at the maximum of the tuning range relative to pump laserinput, in percent. Efficiency may change in other configurations or pump powerlevels.

Pump WavelengthPump wavelength used in nanometers.

SolventBZ=Benzyl Alcohol, EG=Ethylene Glycol, CH=Cyclohexane, DI=Dioxane,ME=Methanol, DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxide, PC=Propylene Carbonate.

ConcentrationAmount of dye, in grams, for 1 liter stock solution. There is an optimumconcentration for a given dye, wavelength and input power. In case of continu-ously pumped dye lasers this optimum concentration generally lies between 60percent and 80 percent absorption of the pump power, and in the case oftransversally pumped pulsed dye lasers, at 99 percent absorption of the pumpenergy within 1 millimeters of the dye solution. Higher concentration causes thetuning curves to be shifted slightly to the red, while lower concentrations willresult in blue shift. Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished byadding either pure solvent or a solution of higher concentration than thatrecommended to the solution in the dye circulation system, until optimumpower is at maximum.

275

StabilityThe accumulated pump energy t, in Wh, causing a decrease in dye laser outputto 50 percent of the initial value for 1 liter dye solution (resp. 1 liter amplifiersolution in the case of excimer pumped dye laser), measured at 10 Hz. Thefollowing classification has been used in the case of excimer laser pumped dyelasers: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ > 50 Wh. In the case of Nd:YAG-pumped lasers: -: τ< 50Wh, +: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ >300 Wh. The stability of dyes being continuously pumped is classified as: -: τ< 100 Wh, +: τ 100-500Wh, ++: τ > 500 Wh.

General RemarksThe output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the quality of the dyeused. To overcome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impuri-ties, Lambdachrome® laser dyes are examined by experienced chemist for theirchemical and spectral properties and purified by specially developed tech-niques.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Everyeffort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; no liability, however, is assumed forerrors occurring. Nothing here is to be constructed as recommending anypractice or any product in violation of any patent.

Cautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, since the exact toxicityin most cases is not well known. The responsibility for the safe use of ourlaser dyes must rest in all cases with the user.

276

Dyes

for E

XCIM

ER L

ASER

Pum

ped

Dye

Lase

rs

277

Lam

bdac

hrom

e Dy

ePe

akTu

ning

Effic

.Pu

mp

Sour

ceCh

ar.

Rang

eW

avel

engt

hEn

ergy

Solv

ent

Conc

.St

abili

ty*

(nm

)(n

m)

(%)

(nm

)(m

J)(g

/l)

LC 3

300

BM-T

erph

enyl

334

312-

343

424

815

0CH

0.50

-LC

340

0p-

Terp

heny

l34

333

2-36

08

308

400

DI0.

24+

LC 3

590

DMQ

360

346-

377

930

840

0DI

0.23

++

LC 3

600

Buty

l-PBD

363

356-

385

530

840

0DI

0.30

++

LC 3

690

QUI

390

368-

402

1130

840

0DI

0.20

++

LC 3

800

Polyp

heny

l 138

136

3-40

812

308

400

EG0.

20+

+LC

386

0Bi

BUQ

388

367-

405

1130

840

0DI

0.25

++

LC 3

810

Polyp

heny

l 239

738

6-41

810

308

400

EG0.

25+

LC 3

990

Fura

n 2

399

388-

426

830

840

0M

E0.

50+

LC 4

000

PBBO

396

386-

420

730

840

0DI

0.40

++

LC 4

090

DPS

406

399-

415

1130

840

0DI

0.25

-LC

420

0St

ilben

e 3

425

412-

443

930

840

0M

E0.

65-

LC 4

400

Coum

arin

120

441

423-

462

1530

840

0M

E0.

82+

LC 4

500

Coum

arin

244

843

2-47

515

308

400

ME

1.50

+LC

470

0Co

umar

in 4

745

644

0-48

418

308

400

ME

1.59

+LC

480

0Co

umar

in 1

0248

046

0-51

018

308

400

ME

2.30

+LC

500

0Co

umar

in 3

0750

047

9-55

316

308

400

ME

3.40

-LC

540

0Co

umar

in 1

5354

052

2-60

015

308

400

ME

4.20

++

LC 5

900

Rhod

amin

e 6G

581

569-

608

1630

840

0M

E1.

20+

LC 6

100

Rhod

amln

e B

600

588-

644

1230

840

0M

E0.

91+

LC 6

400

Rhod

amin

e 10

162

361

4-67

212

308

400

ME

0.75

-LC

650

0DC

M65

863

2-69

012

308

400

DMSO

0.71

-*V

alue

s ar

e as

follo

ws:

-:

τ 10

-30

Wh,

+:

τ 30

-50

Wh,

++

: τ

>50

Wh

278

Dyes

for E

XCIM

ER L

ASER

Pum

ped

Dye

Lase

rs (c

ont.)

Lam

bdac

hrom

e Dy

ePe

akTu

ning

Effic

.Pu

mp

Sour

ceCh

ar.

Rang

eW

avel

engt

hEn

ergy

Solv

ent

Conc

.St

abili

ty*

(nm

)(n

m)

(%)

(nm

)(m

J)(g

/l)

LC 7

000

Rhod

amin

e 70

072

370

1-76

811

308

400

ME

0.85

-LC

710

0Py

ridin

e 1

710

670-

760

1030

840

0DM

S00.

84+

+LC

730

0Py

ridin

e 2

740

695-

790

1130

840

0DM

S00.

72+

LC 7

710

Pyrid

ine

477

174

4-81

27

308

400

DMS0

0.75

++

LC 8

000

Rhod

amin

e 80

081

077

6-82

36

308

400

DMS0

1.00

+LC

840

0St

yryl

984

081

0-87

59

308

400

DMS0

1.10

-LC

850

0HI

TCI

868

837-

905

430

840

0DM

S01.

20-

LC 8

810

Styr

yl 15

880

856-

918

730

840

0DM

S01.

15-

LC 9

210

IR12

592

089

0-96

04

308

400

DMS0

2.00

-LC

945

0St

yryl

1494

590

4-99

29

308

400

DMS0

1.10

-LC

994

0St

yryl

2099

497

0-10

364

308

400

DMS0

1.10

-*V

alue

s ar

e as

follo

ws:

-:

τ 10

-30

Wh,

+:

τ 30

-50

Wh,

++

: τ

>50

Wh

279

Dyes

for N

d:YA

G LA

SER

Pum

ped

Dye

Lase

rsLa

mbd

achr

ome

Dye

Peak

Tuni

ngEf

fic.

Pum

pPu

mp

Sour

ce C

har.

Rang

ege

omet

ryW

avel

engt

hEn

ergy

Solv

ent

Conc

.St

abili

ty**

(nm

)(n

m)

(%)

(nm

)(m

J)(g

/l)

LC 3

900

Quin

olon

390

390

384-

394

4tra

nsv.

355

200

ME

0.25

-LC

399

0Fu

ran

240

239

2-42

215

355

200

ME

0.50

+LC

426

0Fu

ran

142

141

0-43

510

355

200

ME

0.26

+LC

420

0St

ilben

e 3

428

415-

439

15tra

nsv

355

200

ME

0.25

-LC

440

0Co

umar

in 1

2044

042

0-47

016

trans

v.35

520

0M

E0.

25 +

LC 4

700

Coum

arin

47

460

444-

476

15tra

nsv

355

200

ME

0.30

+LC

480

0Co

umar

in 1

0248

046

2-49

715

trans

v35

520

0M

E0.

40 +

LC 5

000

Coum

arin

307

508

485-

546

15tra

nsv

355

200

ME

0.70

-LC

510

0Co

umar

in 5

0051

849

8-54

610

355

200

ME

0.70

-LC

540

0Co

umar

in 1

5354

051

6-57

518

355

200

ME

2.36

+LC

553

0Fl

uore

scei

n 27

550

540-

575

28lo

ng.

532

200

ME

0.64

++

LC 5

750

Rhod

amin

e 19

567

556-

586

31lo

ng.

532

200

ME

0.22

++

+LC

590

0Rh

odam

ine

6G56

655

5-58

532

long

.53

220

0M

E0.

10+

++

LC 6

100

Rhod

amin

e B

594

584-

619

29lo

ng.

532

200

ME

0.22

++

+LC

620

0Su

lforh

odam

ine

B58

857

9-60

029

long

.53

220

0M

E0.

27 +

+LC

640

0Rh

odam

ine

101

621

611-

662

26lo

ng.

532

200

ME

0.50

++

LC 6

600

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e101

628

619-

673

15lo

ng.

532

200

PC0.

30 +

+LC

650

0DC

M63

961

5-66

627

long

.53

220

0PC

0.50

++

LC 7

100

Pyrid

ine

l69

766

7-73

632

trans

v53

220

0PC

0.36

++

+LC

730

0Py

ridin

e 2

750

725-

776

2153

220

0PC

0.22

++

+**

Valu

es a

re a

s fo

llows

: -:

τ

<50

, =

: τ

50-1

00 W

h, +

+:

τ 10

0-30

0 W

h, +

++

: τ

>30

0Wh

280

Dyes

for N

d:YA

G LA

SER

Pum

ped

Dye

Lase

rs (c

ont.)

Lam

bdac

hrom

e Dy

ePe

akTu

ning

Effic

.Pu

mp

Pum

p So

urce

Cha

r.Ra

nge

geom

etry

Wav

elen

gth

Ener

gySo

lven

tCo

nc.

Stab

ility

**(n

m)

(nm

)(%

)(n

m)

(mJ)

(g/l

)

LC 7

500

Styr

yl 6

721

708-

735

1653

220

0PC

0.28

++

LC 7

600

Styr

yl 7

720

701-

749

16tra

nsv

532

200

ME

0.12

++

+LC

755

0St

yryl

875

071

7-78

013

trans

v.53

220

0M

E0.

15+

++

LC 8

400

Styr

yl 9M

824

797-

851

15tra

nsv.

532

200

PC0.

26 +

+LC

881

0St

yryl

1588

085

6-91

87

532

200

PC0.

62 +

+LC

945

0St

yryl

1494

590

4-99

09

532

200

PC0.

27 +

+LC

994

0St

yryl

2099

497

0-10

364

532

200

PC0.

68 +

+**

Valu

es a

re a

s fo

llows

: -:

τ

<50

, =

: τ

50-1

00 W

h, +

+:

τ 10

0-30

0 W

h, +

++

: τ

>30

0Wh

281

Dyes

for N

ITRO

GEN

LASE

R Pu

mpe

d Dy

e La

sers

Tuni

ngRe

l.La

mbd

achr

ome

Dye

Peak

Rang

eEf

ficie

ncy

Solv

ent

Conc

entr

atio

n(n

m)

(nm

)(g

/l)

LC 3

600

Buty

l-PBD

362

356-

390

0.12

Dl1.

60LC

369

0QU

I38

737

2-41

20.

43DI

0.52

LC 3

860

BiBu

Q38

336

4-40

50.

41Dl

0.60

LC 4

000

PBBO

395

385-

420

033

Dl0.

15

282

Tuni

ngRe

l.La

mbd

achr

ome

Dye

Peak

Rang

eEf

ficie

ncy

Solv

ent

Conc

entr

atio

n(n

m)

(nm

)(g

/l)

LC 4

090

DPS

404

394-

416

0.43

DI0.

12LC

410

0St

ilben

e l

417

405-

446

0.49

EG0.

20LC

420

0St

ilben

e 3

424

408-

457

0.66

ME

0.22

LC 4

250

Bis-

MSB

421

412-

435

0.59

Dl0.

14LC

440

0Co

umar

in 1

2043

841

8-46

50.

83M

E0.

25LC

450

0Co

umar

in 2

444

426-

475

0.94

ME

0.40

LC 4

700

Coum

arin

47

453

436-

486

0.95

ME

0.66

LC 4

800

Coum

arin

102

470

454-

506

1.00

ME

1.44

LC 5

000

Coum

arin

307

504

478-

547

1.00

ME

1.60

LC 5

400

Coum

arin

153

537

517-

590

0.87

ME

3.10

LC 5

900

Rhod

amin

e 6G

581

573-

618

0.93

ME

1.63

LC 6

100

Rhod

amin

e B

622

600-

646

0.91

ME

2.85

LC 6

200

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e B

622

600-

646

0.91

ME

2.85

LC 6

400

Rhod

amin

e 10

164

862

3-67

60.

82M

E2.

36LC

650

0DC

M65

962

6-70

30.

69DM

SO0.

50LC

710

0Py

ridin

e l

703

675-

750

0.78

DMSO

0.88

LC 7

210

Oxaz

ine

170

705

672-

727

0.35

ME

0.79

LC 7

300

Pyrid

ine

274

371

0-79

01.

00DM

SO0.

85LC

780

0M

ethy

l-DOT

C78

076

8-82

00.

86DM

SO0.

51LC

788

0DO

TC/H

ITC

823

794-

867

0.74

DMSO

1.23

/0.0

3LC

840

0St

yryl

984

080

3-87

51.

00DM

SO1.

03LC

876

0DT

TC/I

R 14

487

185

9-88

60.

18DM

SO0.

65/2

.52

LC 8

800

IR 1

44/I

R 12

588

787

2-93

50.

14DM

SO2.

52/1

.94

LC 9

210

IR 1

2591

889

3-95

80.

21DM

SO1.

94LC

930

1IR

140

910

900-

963

0.11

DMSO

0.78

283

Dyes

for I

ON L

ASER

Pum

ped

Dye

Lase

rs

284

Lam

bdac

hrom

e Dy

ePe

akTu

ning

Pum

p so

urce

cha

r.Po

wer

SoLC

ent

Conc

.Sta

bilit

y***

Rang

eW

avel

engt

h(n

m)

(nm

)(n

m)

(W)

(g/l

)LC

381

0Po

lyphe

nyl 2

384

370-

406

Ar+

, UV,

300

-336

nm2.

0EG

2.0

+LC

410

0St

ilben

e 1

415

403-

428

Ar+

, all

lines

UV

3.0

EG0.

75+

LC 4

200

Stilb

ene

343

541

0-48

5Ar

+, a

ll lin

es U

V5.

0EG

1.0

+LC

480

0Co

umar

in 1

0248

246

3-51

5Ar

+, U

V, 3

50-3

86nm

3.0

BZ/E

G2.

0LC

537

0Co

umar

in. 6

535

510-

550

Ar+

, 488

nm

6.0

BZ2.

0+

LC 5

700

Rhod

amin

e 11

055

053

0-58

0Ar

+, 5

14.5

nm

6.0

EG0.

75+

LC 5

900

Rhod

amin

e 6G

575

560-

625

Ar+

, 514

.5 n

m6.

0EG

0.75

++

LC 6

200

Sulfo

rhod

amin

e B

625

598-

650

Ar+

, 514

.5 n

m6.

0EG

2.5

++

LC 6

500

DCM

Spe

cial

645

610-

695

Ar+

, 514

.5 n

m6.

0BZ

/EG

2.0

+LC

700

0Rh

odam

ine

700

740

690-

785

Kr+

, all

lines

red

4.6

EG1.

0+

+LC

730

0Py

ridin

e 2

720

675-

783

Ar+

, 514

.5 n

m7.

5PC

/EG

1.5

++

LC 8

400

Styr

yl 9

830

785-

900

Ar+

, 514

.5 n

m6.

0PC

/EG

2.0

+

***V

aule

s ar

e as

follo

ws:

-:

τ <

100

Wh,

+:

τ 10

0-50

0 W

h, +

+:

τ >

500

Wh

Date post:	05-Jan-2017
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