Date post: | 18-Aug-2015 |
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LANCASTER AS A SHARING CITYan interdisciplinary exploration
and thought experiment
Serena Pollastri, Rachel Cooper, Chris Boyko, Stephen Clune, Claire Coulton, Nick Dunn
Imagination at Lancaster University
RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
_context
_context
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
phase 1
phase 2Research and testingComplementary themes
research challenges:
1_ Urban metabolism
2_ Wellbeing
3_ Low carbon energy
4_ Future visions
5_ Engineering strategies
sha
rin
g c
ity
ra
dic
al
mo
bil
itie
s
eco
syst
em se
rv
iced
cit
y
re-
zon
ed c
ity
investing city
cit
y o
f sy
nt
hes
ised
flo
ws
delivering the liveable city
_Research questions
1) What could a sharing city look like and how does it function? a. What gets shared in the sharing city? b. Who shares (e.g., between groups, between cities)? c. How does sharing occur?
d. Why?
2) What needs to be done to develop a system in cities that encourages sharing that improves wellbeing/energy use/governance/resource sharing
a. Who does it?
b. What are the barriers to creating and maintaining such a sharing city?
3) Can sharing cities reduce carbon and other resource use while positively impacting wellbeing? a. How do sharing cities impact individual, community and planetary wellbeing?
b. Is sharing equal for all parties involved?
SHARING CITIES?
_What is a sharing city?
We define Sharing Cities as cities where individualistic consumption of resources and ideologies are valued less than those that emphasise the collective benefit to citizens and other stakeholders.
A sharing city is a city that:
- treats its resources and opportunities as commons to be shared equally
- enables creative bottom up initiatives of sharing to emerge, and provides the infrastructure that is necessary to amplify positive weak signals. Reconsiders the traditional production-consumption paradigm in favour of collaborative models
- has an open and receptive approach to governance
_What is a sharing city?
Sharing city
= City of sharing economy
_What is sharing?
sharing
gift givingeconomic exchange _ special occasion
_ the thoughts counts more than what is given_ implies reciprocity_transfer of ownership
_ everyday life_ impersonal_ implies compensation_ transfer of ownership
_ nonceremonial_ care, love, social links._ reciprocity is not expected_ shared ownership or usufruct rights
Belk, Russell. 2010. “Sharing.” Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715–34.
_Dimensions of sharing
sharing
gift givingeconomic exchange
Belk, Russell. 2010. “Sharing.” Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715–34.
sharing in
e.g. My partner and I share an allotment
e.g. Gardensharesharing out
_Dimensions of sharing
sharing
gift givingeconomic exchange
Belk, Russell. 2010. “Sharing.” Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715–34.
sharing in
e.g. My partner and I share an allotment
e.g. Gardenshare
e.g. City park, community gardens
sharing out
commons
_Dimensions of sharing
sharing in
private ownership public good
sharing out commons
Sharing economy, collaborative consumption, peer-to-peer economy
_Dimensions of sharing
sharing in
private ownership public good
sharing out commons
Sharing economy, collaborative consumption, peer-to-peer economy
sharing city
HOW LIVEABLE CITIES IS LOOKING AT THE MATTER
_Research lenses
sharing in sharing out commons
sharing city
urban metabolism (flows)
future visions, radical engineering
governance and finance
low-carbon energywellbeing,
mobilities, aspirations
_Research context
LANCASTER, UK
LANCASTER AS A SHARING CITYWORKSHOP
LANCASTER AS A SHARING CITY WORKSHOP
Making things visible and tangible
Imagine future scenarios of sharing
connecting what happens now on a small, disconnected scale, to ideas on what would happen if these solutions were amplified, new services and infrastructures were created, and obstacles that prevent sharing were removed.
_Making sharing visible and tangible
sharing a hillside*
Fair Trade International
Fair Trade Towns International
Sharing Knowledge Academic Project
Sharing ideas (education and academia)
Peer Education Information about planning for the future.Have worked with others to devise a portfolio and run workshops. Also a member of Transition
FreeglingReusing unwanted
items
Incredible EdibleLancaster community gardens (all in public space)
Garden Share
Claver Hill Community food
growing project/farm.
We share 12 chickens with 7
households.My day is Saturday.
Research on Lancaster food groups
Sharing knowledge on environmental sustainability
Member of ESTAgoing to sell tea and hand made cups in local community as well as creating poetry
Building community
Online system that allows older adult to teach English to non-native speakersTo create shared experiences by developing an
Green LancasterSharing food and space
Ethical Small Trade
Association(ESTA)
Friend of the Storey
Garden
School lifts car sharing
Lancaster - Glasson Dock
Lancaster Arts Partners
Art City Project
Lancaster community car-club
Morecambe Libraryshares its building with young people service
Library- venue share - information support.- local community groups- resources (books, computer, DVD...)- volunteers and friends sharing time
Park Friends group*
sharing space
sharing kn ow ledge
sharing ideas
sharing things
sharing Time sharing
experiences
sharing skills
sharing Food
sharing mobility
sharing go vernance
Categories (what is shared)
Examples:
Happens in one key space
Happens in a network of spaces
Part of a bigger network
info
rmal
form
al
Key to the diagram:
_Making sharing visible and tangible
LANCASTERLIBRARY
MORECAMBELIBRARY
COMMUNITYGARDENS
SHARING CHICKENS
COMMUNITYGARDENS
COMMUNITYGARDENS
COMMUNITYGARDENS
THE STOREYS
GARDEN
COMMUNITYGARDENS
COMMUNITYGARDENS
FAIRFIELDCOMMUNITY GARDENS
COMMUNITYFARM
GROWING SPACE
HOMEGARDEN
HOMEGARDEN
HOMEGARDEN
HOMEGARDEN
Shared spaces open to the public
Key to the map:
_Making sharing visible and tangible
Map of spaces of sharing
open to everybody
open to “members”
_Making sharing visible and tangible
Mapping current and potential connections, and learnings.
_Imagine future scenarios of sharing
- Five tables. Each table has a map of Lancaster, some material (markers, play-doh, blocks..)
- We asked: what would you Create / Amplify / Destroy
THEMES AND ISSUES
HUBS
AND
BR
IDGE
S
Redesign mobility
Bridge Lancaster-Morecambe
New models of governance
Rethink local economy
Spaces for sharing
Focus on values
Time for sharing
Communication in and outside
the network
Knowledge exchange
Food as a catalyst
Redesignmobility
nd outsidtandnd the networkwththe
Spacessharin
Rethecon
ones
dcatalystcat overnancencv
gegege
-e
rg
public space as sharing platform
dedicated sharing hubs
local version of“sharing economy”?
spaces and networks to enable knowledge
sharing
(car free) physical infrastructure to support
sharing
non-physical infrastructure to enable sharing (communication and participation)
community use of underutilized resources
in schools
pede
stri
an L
anca
ster
know
ledg
e ex
chan
ge
betw
een
univ
ersi
ty, N
GO
s,
ente
rpre
neur
s, c
omm
unit
y
park
and
ride
ampl
ify
cent
ral r
ole
of li
brar
y
hitc
hiki
ng p
oint
s U
nive
rsity
/tow
n
shar
ing
food
, sha
ring
sto
ries
, ca
ptur
e va
lues
Lanc
aste
r Uni
vers
ity tr
ain
stat
ion
ampl
ify fo
od e
cono
my
transp
ort bet
ween La
ncaste
r,
More
cam
be,and vi
llages
mark
et as a
sharin
g platfo
rm
connect Lancaster/M
orecambe for
Morecambe’s wellbeing
school kitc
hens for
community use
create time to activate volunteers
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/wage to value
time spent in community
Corner stores as cultural hubs
create trust; prioritise openness,
transparency, emotions. Value
driven rather than task driven
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)Communicate sharing
destroy Primark (opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as a
Sharing City
more spaces for people to get together
network of community “notice
boards”
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get people’s voice
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no City Council
the A6 through route
collaborative representation
(instead of city council)
the one way system
new governance: “pow
er with”
rather than “power over”
severely reduce cars
manage sharing
safer bike access
_Lancaster as a sharing city
_Themes
THEMES AND ISSUES
HUBS
AND
BR
IDGE
SRedesign mobility
Bridge Lancaster-Morecambe
New models of governance
Rethink local economy
Spaces for sharing
Focus on values
Time for sharing
Communication in and outside
the network
Knowledge exchange
Food as a catalyst
Redesignmobility
nd outsidtandnd the networkwththe
Spacessharin
Rethecon
ones
dcatalystcat overnancencv
gegege
-e
rg
public space as sharing platform
dedicated sharing hubs
local version of“sharing economy”?
spaces and networks to enable knowledge
sharing
(car free) physical infrastructure to support
sharing
non-physical infrastructure to enable sharing (communication and participation)
community use of underutilized resources
in schools
pede
stri
an L
anca
ster
know
ledg
e ex
chan
ge
betw
een
univ
ersi
ty, N
GO
s,
ente
rpre
neur
s, c
omm
unit
y
park
and
ride
ampl
ify
cent
ral r
ole
of li
brar
y
hitc
hiki
ng p
oint
s U
nive
rsity
/tow
n
shar
ing
food
, sha
ring
sto
ries
, ca
ptur
e va
lues
Lanc
aste
r Uni
vers
ity tr
ain
stat
ion
ampl
ify fo
od e
cono
my
transp
ort bet
ween La
ncaste
r,
More
cam
be,and vi
llages
mark
et as a
sharin
g platfo
rm
connect Lancaster/M
orecambe for
Morecambe’s wellbeing
school kitc
hens for
community use
create time to activate volunteers
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/wage to value
time spent in community
Corner stores as cultural hubs
create trust; prioritise openness,
transparency, emotions. Value
driven rather than task driven
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)Communicate sharing
destroy Primark (opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as a
Sharing City
more spaces for people to get together
network of community “notice
boards”
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get people’s voice
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no City Council
the A6 through route
collaborative representation
(instead of city council)
the one way system
new governance: “pow
er with”
rather than “power over”
severely reduce cars
manage sharing
safer bike access
_Hubs and Bridges
THEMES AND ISSUES
HUBS
AND
BR
IDGE
S
Redesign mobility
Bridge Lancaster-Morecambe
New models of governance
Rethink local economy
Spaces for sharing
Focus on values
Time for sharing
Communication in and outside
the network
Knowledge exchange
Food as a catalyst
Redesignmobility
nd outsidtandnd the networkwththe
Spacessharin
Rethecon
ones
dcatalystcat overnancencv
gegege
-e
rg
public space as sharing platform
dedicated sharing hubs
local version of“sharing economy”?
spaces and networks to enable knowledge
sharing
(car free) physical infrastructure to support
sharing
non-physical infrastructure to enable sharing (communication and participation)
community use of underutilized resources
in schools
pede
stri
an L
anca
ster
know
ledg
e ex
chan
ge
betw
een
univ
ersi
ty, N
GO
s,
ente
rpre
neur
s, c
omm
unit
y
park
and
ride
ampl
ify
cent
ral r
ole
of li
brar
y
hitc
hiki
ng p
oint
s U
nive
rsity
/tow
n
shar
ing
food
, sha
ring
sto
ries
, ca
ptur
e va
lues
Lanc
aste
r Uni
vers
ity tr
ain
stat
ion
ampl
ify fo
od e
cono
my
transp
ort bet
ween La
ncaste
r,
More
cam
be,and vi
llages
mark
et as a
sharin
g platfo
rm
connect Lancaster/M
orecambe for
Morecambe’s wellbeing
school kitc
hens for
community use
create time to activate volunteers
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/wage to value
time spent in community
Corner stores as cultural hubs
create trust; prioritise openness,
transparency, emotions. Value
driven rather than task driven
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)Communicate sharing
destroy Primark (opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as a
Sharing City
more spaces for people to get together
network of community “notice
boards”
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get people’s voice
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no City Council
the A6 through route
collaborative representation
(instead of city council)
the one way system
new governance: “pow
er with”
rather than “power over”
severely reduce cars
manage sharing
safer bike access
_Hubs (some ideas)
Public space as a sharing platform
Community use of underutilised spaces in schools
_Hubs (some ideas)
Image: http://foodcycle.org.uk/
“what if school kitchen were used by the community outside school hours?”
Spaces and networks to enable knowledge sharing
_Hubs and bridges (some ideas)
Car-free mobility infrastructure to connect (necessary for sharing)
_Bridges (some ideas)“first of all, let’s create better connections by getting rid of
traffic.”
Non-physical infrastructure to enable sharing, communication and participation
_Bridges (some ideas)
Image: www.flickr.com/ photos/91429570@N08/8519127455/
WHAT ARE WE DOING NOW
_Research and analysis
sharing in sharing out commons
sharing city
urban metabolism (flows)
future visions, radical engineering
governance and finance
low-carbon energywellbeing,
mobilities, aspirations
_Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home battery
Producer to consumer
Safe, resilient, quality
not the grid (different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
_Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home battery
Producer to consumer
Safe, resilient, quality
not the grid (different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
altruism necessity
anti-consumerism
resource efficiency
_Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home battery
TESLA Home battery
Producer to consumer
Safe, resilient, quality
not the grid (different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL
SCALES
REASON
centralised formal top down
decentralised informal bottom up
_Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home battery
Producer to consumer
Safe, resilient, quality
not the grid (different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
Implications for wellbeing, resources, resilience, governance?
_Conclusions (?)