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THINKING beyond the canopy
Land tenure and land use changeLand tenure and land use change
Pablo PachecoCIFOR, Annual Meeting 2012October – Bogor, Indonesia
THINKING beyond the canopy
Main issues on debate
Which actor holds the right to the land is goingto determine how the resources will be used
Changes in tenure structures (or regimes) tendto influence on landscape change as result ofland-use associated economic processes
For effective policy responses is important notonly to know more in-depth how tenure changetakes place but also where that change occurs
THINKING beyond the canopy
Tenure change and deforestation:Reconstructing land tenure change over time
Pacheco (2009) Environment and History 15(4):493-520
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1986 1992 1996 2000 2002
Smallholders Medium and large ranchers No identified
Contribution of agents byperiod in %
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
1986-92 1992-96 1996-00 2000-02
Smallholders Medium and large ranchers No identified
Annual rates of deforestationby agent in %
How previous decisions on landdistribution affect contemporary landtenure configurations? what are theirmain land-use impacts?
Redenção area: Land tenure change
Mosaic for land allocationand SUDAM projects
THINKING beyond the canopy
Land distribution and deforestation:Linking agricultural census and remote sensing data
Actor type derived from IBGE AgriculturalCensus 1995/96. It shows the dominance ofeither smallholders (< 100 ha), medium-scalelandholders (100 to 1,000 ha), or largeholders(> 1,000 ha). That information was overlaidwith INPE deforestation data by 2003.
Deforestation data obtained from INPE by 2003
Pacheco (2009) World Development 37(8):1337-1347
What are the interactions between state-led land reform and land-use changetaking place in the Brazilian Amazon?
The implications are heterogeneous since are relatedto the pre-existing social and economic configurationof the frontiers where land distribution takes place.
THINKING beyond the canopy
Tenure and economic change:Looking at two points of time based on census data
What are the main tenure change dynamicstaking place—at a regional scale –and how arethey related to land-use decision making?
Two simultaneous processes of extensification andintensification. These trends of change are associated toconcentration and fragmentation of landholdings
Pacheco and Poccard-Chapuis (2012). Annals of the AAG 102(6)
THINKING beyond the canopy
What are the land use dynamics related todifferent actor and frontier types in theagricultural frontiers in Brazilian Amazon?
There is a greater accumulated deforestation inlandscapes that are dominated by large-scalelandholders but deforestation intensity is growing inthose where smallholders are the predominant actor.
Actor and frontier types:Implications from differential interactions
Pacheco (2012). GeoForum.43(4): 864–874,
Land use in the BLA (2006)
AC
TOR
TYP
E
FRONTIER TYPE
Agricultural GDP per unit ofland by frontier type
HDI in 2000 by frontier type
THINKING beyond the canopy
Land distribution at national level:Looking at tenure at the property / territorial unit level
What is the emerging tenure structure fromland regularization in a context of competingrights claims among diverse social actors?
Pacheco and Benatti (in preparation)
State of Para, Brazil
Lowland Bolivia
Tenure typeThousand hectares In percents
Para LowlandBolivia
Para LowlandBolivia
Smallholders 27,329 6,479 22.4 7.8Medium- and large-scalelandholders 34,023 22,998 27.9 27.7Community lands 8,091 5,973 6.6 7.2Indigenous territories 27,368 13,424 22.5 16.2Public land identified 24,954 15,534 20.5 18.7Forest concessions 4,409 - 5.3Protected areas 14,096 - 17.0TOTAL 121,764 82,912 100.0 100.0
Land distribution in Para and lowland Bolivia
Temporal variation in land-cover change byactor type in lowland Bolivia
THINKING beyond the canopy
Potential and limitations
Outcomes depend on spatial and temporal resolutionof socio-economic and remote sensing data
Increasing availability of more disaggregated dataover time makes able to produce more accurateassessment of tenure configurations and LUC
Census data provides a good understanding of landtenure configurations, and associated processesrelated to land privatization and commoditization
Census or remote sensing data requires to becomplemented with analysis of social arrangementsand bundles of rights associated to land tenure