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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

March 8 th 2006, Carla Speel

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Content of presentation:

•Land use planning in the Netherlands in general

•Land use planning and pipelines in the Netherlands

•Pipelines and existing policies

•Pipelines and new risk distances

•Consequences and measures

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general

All authorities: responsible for spatial planning

City councils: Zoning plans

• Use of land (residential area, industry, recreation,

business district, catering industry)

• Interests of several parties laid down in zoning plan

• Three components (explanation/ map/ regulations)

• Review every 10 year

• Modifications: permission of higher authority required

• Objection and appeal possible

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

length of transmissio

n gaspipelines (* 1000)

area in km2 (*1

000)

inhabitants in millio

ns

relation m pipeline/square km

relation inhabitants/square km

The Netherlands

Italy

Germany

France

0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general•Netherlands: densely populated country

•High pressure on land use/ utilize every inch of space

•Therefore:

• Spatial planning is very important and complex

• External safety: probabilistic (risk) approach

• Balance between LUP and external safety

• Location-based risk and societal risk

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Pipelines in the Netherlands

Red: gas, 60 bar

Blue: gas, 40 bar

Green: oil

Yellow: chemicals

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Spatial planning of pipelines in the Netherlands• 1985: Structure plan for pipelines in the Netherlands

• Long term planning for reservation of future continuous

networklanes for pipelines: national net

• Every lane may contain several main transport pipelines

• Lanes should be implemented in regional and local

zoning plans

• Conclusion after 20 years: The implementation has

taken place inadequately

• Consequence: insufficient reservation for pipelines in

local plans

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Pipelines and existing policies

•1984: regulation for gaspipelines

•Purpose: Zoning between dangerous gaspipelines and

residential areas in case of:

• Construction of new pipelines

• Building of new residential areas in the vicinity of

existing pipelines

•Safety distances are based on risk assessment

• Location-based risk

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Minimum distance to residential areas (meters)

diameter 20-50 bar 50-80-bar 80-110 bar

2” 4 5 5

6” 4 5 7

12” 14 17 20

16” 20 20 25

18” -- 20 25

36” -- 35 45

48” -- 50 60

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

•Recently: new study at safety distances

• Improved calculation-models for risk assessment

• New information on frequency of pipeline ruptures and

their effects

•Conclusion: new safety distances appear in many cases

larger than “old” distances from regulation for gaspipelines

• Wall thickness and depth of cover are the qualifying

circumstances

•Solution: measures at pipelines will reduce new distance

•Consultations between pipeline operators and local

authorities

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

10-6 10-6

Old risk distance Old risk distance

New risk distance New risk distancegaspipeline

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

•Control measures:

• Camera supervision

• More frequently helicopter survey

• New legislation to prevent accidents from external

interference (digging activities by third parties)

•Technical measures:

• Enlarge covering above pipeline (raising soil above

pipeline)

• Cover pipeline with concrete plate

• Ultimate measure: Move of pipeline

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Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

Conclusions:

•It is a complex matter to combine all essential interests in

land use planning: aim at balance

•Risk approach:

• Acknowledgement of interests of all activities

• Attempts to combine all interests in LUP

•Good communication with local authorities is important