PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

PUSAT PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DAN

PEMASARAN INDUSTRI MEBEL KREATIF

TERINTEGRASI DI SEMARANG (INTEGRATED TRAINING OF MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING

CENTER OF CREATIVE FURNITURE INDUSTRY IN SEMARANG)

Tema Desain: Arsitektur Kontemporer yang Sustainable

Fokus Kajian: Integrasi Fungsi dan Ruang Bangunan Multifungsi yang Rekreatif

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

Memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Yoke Mulyono Ciadi 14.A1.0025

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ir. Albertus Sidharta Muljadinata, M.T.

NIDN: 06.120657.01

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG

April 2018

KELOMPOK

B

iv

v

PRAKATA

Puji Syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas

anugerah- Nya maka penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir

Arsitektur dapat terselesaikan oleh penulis. Landasan Teori dan Program yang

berjudul “Pusat Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pemasaran Industri Mebel Kreatif

Terintegrasi di Semarang” sebagai sebagian persyaratan untuk memperoleh

gelar Sarjana Arsitektur di Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik

Soegijapranata Semarang.

Meskipun banyak kesulitan dalam mempersiapkan dan menyusun LTP

Projek Akhir Arsitektur ini, namun penulis banyak memperoleh dukungan dan

bantuan serta motivasi dari berbagai pihak sehingga penulisan LTP Projek Akhir

Arsitektur ini dapat terselesaikan. Berkenaan dengan seluruh dukungan,

bantuan, dan bimbingan tersebut penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih

kepada:

1. Dr. Dra. Tyas Susanti, MA, selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

2. MD. Nestri Kiswari, M.Sc. selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas

Katolik Soegijapranata dan Dosen Wali yang telah memberikan pengarahan dan

motivasi sehingga LTP Projek Akhir ini dapat terselesaikan.

3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno MT., selaku Dosen Koordinator.

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4. Ir. Albertus Sidharta Muljadinata, M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah

memberikan saran dan bimbingan kepada penulis dari awal pembuatan hingga

penyelesaian LTP Projek Akhir ini.

5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen serta para staff di Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata yang terkait dalam proses Projek Akhir

Arsitektur periode 73 dan telah membekali ilmu serta membantu proses

penyusunan LTP Projek Akhir ini.

Penulis menyadari atas segala keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam

penulisan LTP Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini. Harapan penulis, semoga LTP ini

dapat bermanfaat khususnya bagi penulis dan para pembaca yang telah

meluangkan waktu untuk membaca LTP Proyek Arsitektur ini.

Semarang, 20 Februari 2018

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................ ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ............................................................................................... iv

PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... vii

BAB I .................................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Projek ................................................................................... 1

1.1.1. Gagasan Awal ........................................................................................ 3

a) Strategi atau Pendekatan Perancangan : .................................................. 3

b) Kekhasan Projek ........................................................................................ 3

c) Kontribusi Terhadap Lingkungan ............................................................... 6

1.1.2. Alasan dan Pemilihan Projek .................................................................. 7

a) Ketertarikan (Interest) ................................................................................ 7

b) Kepentingan Mendesak (Urgency)............................................................. 8

c) Kebutuhan (Needs) .................................................................................... 9

d) Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ........................................................................... 10

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Projek ......................................................................... 11

1.2.1. Tujuan Projek ....................................................................................... 11

a) Bagi Pemerintah Kota Semarang dan Jawa Tengah ............................... 11

b) Bagi Pelaku Industri Furniture atau Mebel ............................................... 12

c) Bagi Pelaku Industri Kreatif (Start-up) ...................................................... 12

d) Bagi Masyarakat ...................................................................................... 13

1.2.2. Sasaran Projek ..................................................................................... 13

1.2.3. Manfaat ................................................................................................. 14

a) Manfaat Akademis ................................................................................... 14

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b) Manfaat Praktis ........................................................................................ 15

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................. 15

1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................. 16

1.4.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................................. 16

1. Data Primer .............................................................................................. 17

2. Data Sekunder ......................................................................................... 18

1.4.2. Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis ........................................................ 19

1.4.3. Metode Pemrograman .......................................................................... 22

a) Tahap Analisis ......................................................................................... 22

b) Tahap Sintesis ......................................................................................... 23

1.4.4. Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 23

a) Konsep ..................................................................................................... 23

b) Rancangan Skematik ............................................................................... 23

c) Pengembangan Perancangan (Design Development) ............................. 24

d) Pembuatan Detail .................................................................................... 24

e) Presentasi Produk Perancangan ............................................................. 24

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................... 26

1.5.1. BAB I: Pendahuluan ............................................................................. 26

1.5.2. BAB II: Metodologi ................................................................................ 26

1.5.3. BAB III: Analisis Pendekatan Program Arsitektur ................................. 27

1.5.4. BAB IV: Program Arsitektur .................................................................. 27

1.5.5. BAB V: Kajian Teori .............................................................................. 28

1.5.6. Daftar Pustaka ...................................................................................... 28

1.5.7. Lampiran ............................................................................................... 28

BAB II ................................................................................................................................. 29

TINJAUAN PROJEK ........................................................................................................ 29

2.1. Tinjauan Umum........................................................................................ 29

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2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................. 29

a) Pengertian Pelatihan ................................................................................ 30

b) Tujuan dan Manfaat Pelatihan ................................................................. 34

c) Prinsip dan Metode Pelatihan .................................................................. 35

2.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ............................................... 39

a) Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 39

b) Perkembangan......................................................................................... 41

c) Trend ....................................................................................................... 43

2.2.1. Sasaran yang akan dicapai .................................................................. 44

a) Sasaran Pelaku Fasilitas ......................................................................... 44

b) Bagi Akademisi ........................................................................................ 45

c) Bagi Non-Akademisi ................................................................................ 45

2.3. Tinjauan Khusus ...................................................................................... 45

2.3.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................... 45

2.3.2. Kegiatan ............................................................................................... 50

a) Pelaku ...................................................................................................... 50

b) Fasilitas .................................................................................................... 59

c) Prasarana ................................................................................................ 63

2.3.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................................... 84

a) Spesifikasi Projek ..................................................................................... 84

b) Persyaratan Desain ................................................................................. 92

2.3.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kota atau Kabupaten .............................................. 96

a) Data Administratif ..................................................................................... 96

b) Urgensi dan Relevansi Projek ................................................................ 100

2.3.5. Studi Banding Kasus Projek Sejenis .................................................. 102

a) Pusat Pengembangan dan Pelatihan Industri Kayu PIKA (Pendidikan

Industri Kayu) di Semarang .......................................................................... 102

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2.3.6. Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 109

2.3.7. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ................................................. 110

a) Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 110

b) Batasan .................................................................................................. 111

c) Anggapan .............................................................................................. 112

BAB III ............................................................................................................................. 113

ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................................... 113

3.1. Analisis Pendekatan Arsitektur .............................................................. 113

3.1.1. `Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................. 113

a) Pengelompokan Aktivitas ....................................................................... 113

b) Pola Aktivitas ......................................................................................... 138

c) Waktu Operasional ................................................................................ 145

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas .................................................................................. 153

a) Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................. 153

b) Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................................ 157

c) Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ................................................................... 163

3.1.3. Studi Ruang Khusus ........................................................................ 169

a) Ruang Workshop Furniture Kayu - Ruang Benchwork atau Bangku Kerja

169

b) Ruang Workshop Furniture Kayu – Ruang Mesin .................................. 173

c) Fasilitas Asrama .................................................................................... 180

3.1.4. Studi Besaran Ruangan dan Lahan Parkir ...................................... 182

3.1.5. Studi Citra Arsitektural ..................................................................... 232

3.2. Analisis Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ................................................. 234

3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur ....................................................................... 234

3.2.2. Studi Sistem Enclosure ................................................................... 247

3.2.3. Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................ 260

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3.2.4. Studi Sistem Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................. 275

3.3. Analisis Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ............................................. 276

3.3.1. Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................ 277

3.3.2. Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................ 287

BAB IV ............................................................................................................................. 299

PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................................................................................ 299

4.1. Konsep Program .................................................................................... 299

4.1.1. Aspek Citra ......................................................................................... 299

4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ...................................................................................... 300

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................. 301

4.1.4. Aspek Lingkungan .............................................................................. 301

4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan

Perancangan ................................................................................................... 301

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................................... 301

4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................................. 302

a) Sasaran Pelaku...................................................................................... 302

b) Aktivitas Pelaku...................................................................................... 303

c) Jadwal Operasional ............................................................................... 303

d) Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................................ 303

e) Regulasi / Peraturan Daerah ................................................................. 303

f) Kondisi, Potensi dan Kendala pada Tapak ............................................ 304

g) Tema Perancangan ............................................................................... 304

4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ....................................................... 304

a) Persyaratan Arsitektural ......................................................................... 304

b) Persyaratan Bangunan .......................................................................... 306

c) Persyaratan Lingkungan ........................................................................ 307

4.3. Program Arsitektur ................................................................................. 308

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4.3.1. Program Besaran Ruang dan Kebutuhan Luas Tapak ....................... 308

a) Hasil Perhitungan Luas Bangunan......................................................... 308

b) Hasil Perhitungan Luas Lahan dan Parkir .............................................. 309

4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure Bangunan ........................... 310

4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas ...................................................................... 312

4.3.4. Program Lokasi Tapak........................................................................ 315

BAB V .............................................................................................................................. 318

KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................................... 318

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan/ Tema Desain ................................................. 318

5.1.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain .................................... 319

a) Tema Desain: Arsitektur Kontemporer yang Sustainable ...................... 319

a. Arsitektur Kontemporer .......................................................................... 319

b. Sustainable Architecture ........................................................................ 324

5.1.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................... 332

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Pada Bangunan ..................................... 334

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan / Fokus Kajian ............................. 335

5.2.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ........................... 335

5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................... 339

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Pada Bangunan ..................................... 341

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................... 342

LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................................... 345

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 – Workbench atau Bangku Kerja ......................................................... 76

Gambar 2. 2- Meja Kerja Ukir atau Carving Workbench ......................................... 76

Gambar 2. 3 - Meja Gambar atau Drafting Table .................................................... 76

Gambar 2. 4- Gergaji untuk Log Kayu atau Bandsaw Mill for Lumber ..................... 77

Gambar 2. 5 - Mesin Ketam Perata atau Surface Planer ........................................ 77

Gambar 2. 6 - Mesin Ketam Penebal atau Thicknesser ........................................... 77

Gambar 2. 7 - Mesin Gergaji Pita atau Bandsaw ..................................................... 77

Gambar 2. 8 - Gergaji Bundar Berlengan (Radial Arm Saw) .................................... 78

Gambar 2. 9 - Scroll Saw ......................................................................................... 78

Gambar 2. 10 - Meja Gergaji Kayu atau Table Saw / Saw bench ............................ 78

Gambar 2. 11 - Mesin Bor Vertikal atau Vertical Drilling Machine ........................... 79

Gambar 2. 12 - Mesin Bor Horizontal atau Horizontal Drilling Machine ................... 79

Gambar 2. 13 - Mesin Bor Kotak atau Tenon – Mortiser ......................................... 79

Gambar 2. 14 - Mesin Spindle .................................................................................. 79

Gambar 2. 15 - Mesin Frais Vertikal atau Vertical Miling Machine ........................... 80

Gambar 2. 16 - Mesin Frais Horizontal ..................................................................... 80

Gambar 2. 17 - Wide Belt Sander ............................................................................ 80

Gambar 2. 18 - Mesin Amplas Samping atau Edge Sander .................................... 81

Gambar 2. 19 - Drum Sander .................................................................................. 81

Gambar 2. 20 - Mesin Bubut Kayu / Lathe ............................................................... 81

Gambar 2. 21 - Mesin CNC Router .......................................................................... 81

Gambar 2. 22 - Dust Collector Portable ................................................................... 81

Gambar 2. 23 - Spray Booth .................................................................................... 82

Gambar 2. 24 – Kaca Mata Kerja (Safety Goggles) ................................................. 82

Gambar 2. 25 - Penutup Telinga atau Safety Ear Plug ........................................... 82

Gambar 2. 26 - Dust Mask ....................................................................................... 82

Gambar 2. 27 - Industrial Safety Shoes ................................................................... 83

Gambar 2. 28 - Mesin Forklift .................................................................................. 83

Gambar 2. 29 - Mesin Kompresor Angin atau Air Compressor Machine .................. 83

Gambar 2. 30 - Rak Klem atau Alat Jepit (Clamp Rack) .......................................... 83

Gambar 2. 31 – Lokasi Kota Semarang di Jawa Tengah ......................................... 97

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Gambar 2. 32 – Peta Pembagian BWK di Kota Semarang ...................................... 99

Gambar 2. 33 - PIKA Semarang ............................................................................ 102

Gambar 2. 34 – Benchwork Area PIKA Semarang ................................................ 102

Gambar 2. 35 - Ruang Kelas SMK PIKA Semarang .............................................. 102

Gambar 2. 36 – Bagian dalam Kompleks PIKA Semarang dari Arah Main Entrance

............................................................................................................................... 103

Gambar 2. 37 - Ruang Kelas Teoritis ..................................................................... 104

Gambar 2. 38 - Ruang Kelas Gambar Manual ....................................................... 104

Gambar 2. 39 - Bengkel Kerja Finishing ................................................................. 104

Gambar 2. 40 - Aula Semi Outdoor ........................................................................ 105

Gambar 2. 41 - Ruang Komputer ........................................................................... 105

Gambar 2. 42 - Ruang Bengkel Kerja Manufaktur – Benchwork Area (Area Bangku

Kerja) ...................................................................................................................... 105

Gambar 2. 43 - Ruang Bengkel Kerja Manufaktur - Area Permesinan ................... 105

Gambar 2. 44 - Ruang Penyimpanan Bahan Kayu ................................................ 105

Gambar 2. 45 – Ruang Bengkel Kerja Manufaktur – Area Permesinan dan Dust

Collector ................................................................................................................. 105

Gambar 2. 46 - Ruang Bengkel Kerja Finishing ..................................................... 106

Gambar 2. 47 - Ruang Bengkel Kerja Manufaktur – Area Perakitan ...................... 106

Gambar 2. 48 – Ruang Showroom PIKA ................................................................ 106

Gambar 2. 49 - Denah Kompleks PIKA .................................................................. 108

Gambar 3. 1 – Denah Ruang Bangku Kerja Praktik (Benchwork Area) pada

Workshop Perkayuan ............................................................................................. 171

Gambar 3. 2 – Ilustrasi 3 Dimensi Ruang Bangku Kerja Praktik (Benchwork Area )

pada Workshop Perkayuan .................................................................................... 171

Gambar 3. 3 - Kode Sirkulasi Pada Ruang Workshop ........................................... 173

Gambar 3. 4 - Gambar Layout Mesin Standar pada Jalur Proses .......................... 175

Gambar 3. 5 – Gambar Layout Mesin Kombinasi .................................................. 175

Gambar 3. 6 – Gambar Layout Mesin Spesial/ Khusus pada Jalur Proses ............ 176

Gambar 3. 7 - Denah Ruang Mesin pada Workshop Perkayuan ........................... 178

Gambar 3. 8 - Ilustrasi 3 Dimensi Ruang Mesin pada Workshop Perkayuan ........ 179

Gambar 3. 9 - Kode Sirkulasi Pada Ruang Workshop ........................................... 180

Gambar 3. 10 - Struktur Rangka ............................................................................ 235

Gambar 3. 11 – Struktur Masif ............................................................................... 236

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Gambar 3. 12 - Struktur Plat Dinding Sejajar ......................................................... 236

Gambar 3. 13 – Pondasi Batang ............................................................................ 237

Gambar 3. 14 - Pondasi Pelat ................................................................................ 237

Gambar 3. 15 - Pondasi Lajur Beton Bertulang ...................................................... 240

Gambar 3. 16 – Pondasi Batu Belah ...................................................................... 240

Gambar 3. 17 – Pondasi Rakit atau Mat/ Raft Foundation ..................................... 241

Gambar 3. 18 – Pile Foundation atau Pondasi Tiang Pancang .............................. 242

Gambar 3. 19 – Macam – Macam Dinding Penahan atau Retaining Wall .............. 242

Gambar 3. 20 – Two Way Slab atau Pelat Dua Arah ............................................. 244

Gambar 3. 21 - Struktur Rangka Atap Portal/ Engsel Dua Ruas dan Tiga Ruas .... 245

Gambar 3. 22 – Dak Beton ..................................................................................... 245

Gambar 3. 23 – Atap Gergaji ................................................................................. 246

Gambar 3. 24 – Struktur Space Frame .................................................................. 247

Gambar 3. 25 – Lantai Keramik ............................................................................. 248

Gambar 3. 26 – Floor Hardener atau Lantai Beton ................................................ 248

Gambar 3. 27 – Parquet Flooring ........................................................................... 249

Gambar 3. 28 - Ecotile Flooring ............................................................................. 249

Gambar 3. 29- Karpet ............................................................................................. 250

Gambar 3. 30 - Lantai Batu Alam ........................................................................... 251

Gambar 3. 31 - Dinding Batu Bata ......................................................................... 251

Gambar 3. 32 - Partisi Kalsiboard .......................................................................... 252

Gambar 3. 33 – Partisi Kaca .................................................................................. 252

Gambar 3. 34 - Dinding Kayu ................................................................................. 253

Gambar 3. 35 - Dinding Beton ................................................................................ 254

Gambar 3. 36 - Dinding Batu Alam ........................................................................ 255

Gambar 3. 37 - Dinding ACP .................................................................................. 255

Gambar 3. 38 - Plafond Gypsum ............................................................................ 256

Gambar 3. 39 – Plafond Kalsiboard ....................................................................... 256

Gambar 3. 40 – Papan Plafond PVC...................................................................... 257

Gambar 3. 41 – Atap Dak Beton ............................................................................ 258

Gambar 3. 42 - Atap Seng Galvalum ..................................................................... 258

Gambar 3. 43 - Atap Genteng Beton ...................................................................... 259

Gambar 3. 44 - Atap Polycarbonate ....................................................................... 259

Gambar 3. 45 – Pintu Darurat ................................................................................ 265

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Gambar 3. 46 – Tangga Darurat ............................................................................ 265

Gambar 3. 47 - Smoke Detector System ................................................................ 265

Gambar 3. 48 - Sprinkler System ........................................................................... 266

Gambar 3. 49 - Alat Pemadam Api Ringan ............................................................ 266

Gambar 3. 50 - Sistem Hydrant .............................................................................. 266

Gambar 3. 51 – Cross Ventilation pada Bangunan ................................................ 269

Gambar 3. 52 – Skylight pada Workshop Ruang Mesin di PIKA ............................ 271

Gambar 3. 53 – Lift atau Elevator .......................................................................... 272

Gambar 3. 54 - Eskalator ...................................................................................... 272

Gambar 3. 55 - Tangga .......................................................................................... 273

Gambar 3. 56 - Ramp ............................................................................................. 273

Gambar 3. 57- Kamera CCTV sebagai Keamanan Pasif ....................................... 274

Gambar 3. 58- Sistem Penangkal Petir Sangkar Faraday ...................................... 275

Gambar 3. 59 – LED Façade pada Bangunan ....................................................... 276

Gambar 3. 60 - Peta Pembagian Kelurahan di Kecamatan Semarang Utara ........ 278

Gambar 3. 61 – Peta Kecamatan Semarang Barat ................................................ 282

Gambar 3. 62 – Lokasi Tapak Alternatif I ............................................................... 289

Gambar 3. 63 – Peta CAD Lokasi Tapak Alternatif 1 ............................................. 289

Gambar 3. 64 – Lokasi Tapak Alternatif 2 .............................................................. 293

Gambar 4. 1 – Peta Udara Lokasi Tapak Terpilih ................................................... 316

Gambar 4. 2 - Peta CAD Lokasi Tapak Terpilih ..................................................... 316

Gambar 5. 1 - SOS Children’s Villages Lavezzorio Community Center ................. 333

Gambar 5. 2- Ruang Interior dalam SOS Children’s Villages Lavezzorio Community

Center .................................................................................................................... 334

Gambar 5. 3 - Kilmahaus Bremerhaven 8 º Ost ..................................................... 339

Gambar 5. 4- Lobby Kilmahaus Bremerhaven 8 º Ost .......................................... 340

Gambar 5. 5- Suasana Ruang Pameran ................................................................ 340

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 – Perbedaan Pendidikan, Pembelajaran, Pelatihan dan Pengembangan 32

Tabel 2. 2 – Nilai ekspor tertinggi di Jawa Tengah pada bulan Oktober 2017 ......... 40

Tabel 2. 3 - Nilai ekspor kumulatif kayu dan barang kayu pada bulan Januari –

Oktober tahun 2014 – 2017 di Jawa Tengah ........................................................... 40

Tabel 2. 4 – Fasilitas pada Pusat Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pemasaran Industri

Mebel Kreatif Terintegrasi di Semarang ................................................................... 59

Tabel 2. 5 – Tabel Prasarana Fasilitas Utama ......................................................... 63

Tabel 2. 6 – Tabel Prasarana Fasilitas Penunjang ................................................... 65

Tabel 2. 7 – Tabel Prasarana Sarana Pengelola ..................................................... 69

Tabel 2. 8 - Tabel Prasarana Sarana Fasilitas Servis .............................................. 72

Tabel 2. 9 – Prasarana Sarana Khusus pada Fasilitas Khusus ............................... 76

Tabel 2. 10 – Tabel Jurusan Pelatihan Desain Mebel dan Interior ........................... 85

Tabel 2. 11 – Tabel Jurusan Pelatihan Praktik Pembuatan Furniture ...................... 87

Tabel 2. 12 – Tabel Jurusan Pelatihan Manajemen dan Operasional ...................... 89

Tabel 2. 13 - Tabel Jurusan Pelatihan Pemasaran Mebel dengan Industri Kreatif ... 90

Tabel 2. 14 Tabel Ketinggian Tempat di Kota Semarang ......................................... 97

Tabel 2. 15 – Tabel Klasifikasi Kemiringan Daerah .................................................. 99

Tabel 2. 16 - Klasifikasi Jenis Tanah Daerah ......................................................... 100

Tabel 3. 1 – Tabel Pengelompokan Studi Aktivitas Kegiatan Utama .................... 114

Tabel 3. 2 – Tabel Pengelompokan Studi Aktivitas Kegiatan Penunjang .............. 123

Tabel 3. 3 – Tabel Pengelompokan Studi Aktivitas Kegiatan Pengelola ............... 128

Tabel 3. 4– Tabel Pengelompokan Studi Aktivitas Kegiatan Servis ....................... 133

Tabel 3. 5 – Tabel Waktu Operasional pada Fasilitas ........................................... 145

Tabel 3. 6 – Jadwal Operasional Spesifik pada Fasilitas Pelatihan ...................... 149

Tabel 3. 7 - Kebutuhan Ruang Berdasarkan Privasi dan Jenis Ruang ................. 153

Tabel 3. 8 - Analisa Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................ 157

Tabel 3. 9 – Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku Pengelola pada Fasilitas ....................... 163

Tabel 3. 10 – Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku Peserta Pelatihan pada Fasilitas......... 167

Tabel 3. 11 – Tabel Besaran Ruang...................................................................... 183

Tabel 3. 12 – Perhitungan Luas Bangunan ........................................................... 229

Tabel 3. 13 – Jenis – Jenis Struktur Utama ........................................................... 235

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Tabel 3. 14 – Jenis – Jenis Pondasi ...................................................................... 237

Tabel 3. 15 – Pemilihan Pondasi berdasarkan Organisasi Ruang dan Topografi

Lingkungan Alam ................................................................................................... 238

Tabel 3. 16 – Tabel Jenis Pondasi yang Direkomendasikan ................................. 239

Tabel 3. 17 – Tabel Jenis Plat Lantai yang Direkomendasikan ............................. 243

Tabel 3. 18 – Tabel Jenis Struktur Atap yang Direkomendasikn ........................... 244

Tabel 3. 19 – Tabel Sistem Enclosure : Penutup Lantai ........................................ 247

Tabel 3. 20 – Tabel Sistem Enclosure – Dinding .................................................. 251

Tabel 3. 21 – Tabel Sistem Enclosure : Jenis Plafond .......................................... 255

Tabel 3. 22 – Tabel Sistem Enclosure : Penutup Atap .......................................... 257

Tabel 3. 23 – Sistem Telekomunikasi pada Bangunan ......................................... 268

Tabel 3. 24 – Sistem Transportasi Vertikal pada Bangunan ................................. 272

Tabel 3. 25 – Tabel Kesimpulan Potensi dan Kendala di Kecamatan Semarang

Utara (BWK III) ....................................................................................................... 281

Tabel 3. 26 – Tabel Kesimpulan Potensi Kendala di Semarang Barat .................. 285

Tabel 3. 27 – Matriks Penilaian Kualitas Lokasi Alternatif 1 dan 2 ........................ 286

Tabel 3. 28 – Analisis Kekuatan dan Amenitas Eksisting Tapak ........................... 290

Tabel 3. 29 – Analisis Kekuatan dan Amenitas Eksisting Tapak Alternatif II Sumber:

Analisis Pribadi ....................................................................................................... 294

Tabel 3. 30 – Pemilihan Alternatif Tapak Berdasarkan Kekuatan, Amenitas, Potensi

dan Kendala ........................................................................................................... 297

Tabel 4. 1 - Hasil Perhitungan Luas Bangunan ...................................................... 308

Tabel 4. 2 - Tabel Sistem Struktur pada Bangunan ............................................... 310

Tabel 4. 3 – Tabel Penerapan Sistem Utilitas Pada Bangunan .............................. 312

Tabel 4. 4 – Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Tapak Terpilih .......................................... 316

xix

DAFTAR SKEMA

Skema 1. 1 - Metode Pengumpulan, Penyusunan dan Analisis Data ...................... 22

Skema 1. 2 – Bagan Tahap Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 25

Skema 3. 1 – Pola Kegiatan Kedatangan Menuju Lingkungan Kompleks Bangunan

............................................................................................................................... 138

Skema 3. 2 - Pola Kegiatan Kepergian Meninggalkan Lingkungan Kompleks

Bangunan ............................................................................................................... 138

Skema 3. 3 - Pola Kegiatan Peserta Pelatihan ...................................................... 139

Skema 3. 4 - Pola Kegiatan Peserta Pelatihan dalam Manufaktur Mebel .............. 140

Skema 3. 5 - Pola Kegiatan Pengelola Utama ...................................................... 141

Skema 3. 6 – Pola Kegiatan Staff Divisi Pelatihan ................................................. 142

Skema 3. 7 - Pola Kegiatan Pengelola Pelatihan ................................................... 143

Skema 3. 8 – Pola Kegiatan Pengelola Divisi Maintenance ................................... 144

Skema 3. 9 – Skema Distribusi Air Bersih .............................................................. 261

Skema 3. 10 – Skema Jaringan Limbah Cair – Grey Water ................................... 262

Skema 3. 11 – Skema Jaringan Limbah Air Hujan ................................................. 262

Skema 3. 12 – Skema Sistem Penanggulangan Kebakaran pada Bangunan........ 267

Skema 3. 13 – Skema Sistem Elektrikal pada Bangunan ...................................... 267