Landfill Diversion with Energy-from-WasteRichard Entwistle,

Managing Director, EnviroResources (Asia) LtdSeptember 2006

EnviroResources Ltd

• Environmental protection and climate change are the defining challenges of our age. No question!

• Energy-from-waste technology provides three vital benefits:

• Waste reduction and diversion from landfill/sea dumping

• Renewable energy commitments

• Reduced CO2 emissions

• Landfill sites should be Integrated Waste Management facilities.

• Landfill operators with energy-from-waste facilities should be regarded and supported as key community utility operations

Global and Local Challenges

Landfill Application – Resource Recovery

One of Hong Kong’s ‘nearly full’ large landfill sites!

• ALL WASTE destined for landfill to be PRE-TREATED

• Member States shall ensure that only waste that has been subjected to ‘treatment’ is landfilled

• ‘Treatment’ is the physical, chemical or biological processes, including sorting, that change the characteristics of the waste in order to reduce its volume or hazardous nature, facilitate its handling or enhance recovery

• Not yet the case many landfills – sadly

Landfill Application – EU Directive

Landfill Application – Resource Recovery

FINISHEDCOMPOST

13-14%

TOTAL REJECTSTO LANDFILL

25-28%

WASTE SEPARATION

RECYCLING19-21%

RECYCLATES

REJECTS INERT ASH

ADVANCED THERMALCONVERSION PLANT

31-33%

RDF PRODUCED

REACTORS31-33%

COMPOSTIBLES

REJECTS

• Municipal waste management

• Sewage sludge processing

• Clinical and pharmaceutical waste processing

• Hazardous and difficult waste processing

• Agricultural waste processing

• Industrial and food waste

Landfill Diversion – Waste Streams

Landfill Application – Resource Recovery

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Integrated Resource Recovery FacilityOne of Hong Kong’s Nearly Full Landfill Sites!

Landfill Application – Resource Recovery

Landfill Application – Resource Recovery

Energy from Waste – Compact Power MT8

Energy Conversion-Exhaust gases passed through a steam boiler- Up to 80% of available energy from waste recovered- Steam used for power generation and/or combined heat and power (CHP) applications

Pyrolysis- Materials heated in the absence of oxygen - Temperature up to 800ºC- Hydrocarbons converted to simple gases- Residues of carbon char and inert materials

Gasification- Carbon residues reacted out with air and steam- Hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced

GASPRODUCTION

ENERGY RECOVERY

GASCOMBUSTION

High Temperature Oxidation- Gases reacted at high temperature (1,250ºC) for more than 2 seconds- Organic pollutants & particulates destroyed- Energy released

The Process

WASTE

materials recovery

compacting air lock

steam

cyclonicseparator

particulates >10 microns

bottom ash

1250°C

air

Fuel(warm-up

only)

bypassdamper

Boiler

Turbine

Heat

Electricity

Bag Filter

DeNOxCatalyst

Stack

carbon recycling

Feed Preparation

Pyrolysis Gasification OxidationEnergy

RecoveryFlue GasClean Up

air

Ammonia

SodiumBicarbonate

Condenser

The Process

1. First operational plant in the UK to receive Environment Agency IPPC certificate – UK designed, built and operating

2. Tested on Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), unsorted MSW, sewage sludge, industrial wastes, tyres, paper.

3. Commercial facility currently processing toxic clinical, pharmaceutical & confidential waste

UK Avonmouth Plant – Five Years Operation

clinicalMSW

clinicalMSWMSW

Pyrolyser/Gasifier/Oxidiser

Waste Feed

Energy Recovery

Flue Gas Remediation

Mechanical Installation

MT4 - 1g

heat heat &&

powerpower

MT8 - 1GMT8 - 2G

industrial

industrial

The Process - Modularity

DryVac Sludge Dewatering & Drying

Waste

sewage

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

industrial waste

shredded tyres

clinical waste

sewagetreatment works

Dewatering / drying

Sewerage system

Effluent from dewatering of sludge

recycling facility

recovered materials for reprocessing (e.g. plastics)

compostingplant

Treated effluent

Compact Powerplant

Driedsludge

Industrial / Domestic

CombinedHeat &Power

Water for

irrigation

Compost for

agriculture

Non-agriculturalgrade compost

transfer station:sorting

Integrated UK Solutions to Waste

ProcessHeat

mg/Nm3

11% 02@ 273K & 101.3kPa

EU Directive Limits[Typical Incinerator Limits]

s: spot / d:daily ½ hour

Compact Power

UK Plant[Typical Incinerator]

Particulates 10 (d) [100] 30 0.2 [10]

VOC’s as carbon 10 (d) 20 Trace

NO (NO + NO2) 200 (d) [200] 400 <37 [50]

HCl 10 (d) [50] 60 2 [10]

HF 1 (d) 4 <0.1

SO2 50 (d) [300] 200 < 2.5 [10]

CO 50 (d) [600] 150 Trace [50]

Cd & Tl 0.05 (s) 0.006

Mercury 0.05 (s) 0.006

Pb Cr Cu Mn Ni As Sb Co V Sn 0.5 (s) 0.006

Dioxins TEQ ng/Nm3 0.1 (s) [0.1] <0.003 [0.1]

N2O 30 (d) Trace

NH3 10 (d) 20 < 1

Environmental - Emissions

Landfill Operation:

• Real landfill reduction – up to 75+%

• Elimination of waste disposal public health problems

• An integrated waste management utility operation

• Usable heat and power – Distributed generation

• Reduction of greenhouse gases + Renewable energy credits

Compact Power EfW Technology:

• Best Available Technology – Pyrolysis and gasification

• Negligible emissions – Well away from strict limits

• Processes full range of waste materials

• Modular design – Sized for specific application

• It works – Proven for today and for the next 20+ years

Key Benefits Summary

EnviroResources Ltd – Company Overview

1. Located at London Gatwick Airport, EnviroResources Ltd (ERL) was incorporated in the UK in September 2005

2. ERL is worldwide parent and head office for a group of companies – with its Project Support Office in Hong Kong, and an in-house manufacturing and R&D facility in Sundsvall, Sweden

3. ERL is a project development company delivering proven, state-of-the-art pyrolysis & gasification technology for energy-from-waste applications.

4. ERL build, own and operate/transfer (BOO/BOOT) projects

5. ERL owns 10% of UK Compact Power PLC (traded on the London AIM market) and is Compact Power’s second largest shareholder

EnviroResources LtdSuite 118, London Gatwick Airport West Sussex, RH6 0DWUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)129 350 5196Fax: +44 (0)129 350 5220

EnviroResources Ltd

email: asia@enviroresources.co.ukwww.enviroresources.co.ukwww.enviroresources.co.uk

THANK YOU

EnviroResources (Asia) Ltd2309 Tuen Mun Parklane Square 2 Tuen Hi Road, Tuen Mun, NTHong Kong

Tel: +852 2613 2073Fax: +852 2613 2074