Landforms, Water, and Natural Resources

Chapter 4

Landforms

Section 1

Forces Below Earth’s Surface

•Earth’s Composition–Core–Mantle–Crust

•Internal Forces–Plate Tectonics Theory

•Continental Drift

Earth’s Layers

Plate Tectonics

Theory of Continental Drift

Forces Below Earth’s Surface

•Plate Movement– Divergent (spreading)

•Oceanic ridges•Rift valleys

– Convergent (collide)•Subduction zone

– Oceanic trench– Volcanoes

•Mountains

Plate Movement

Seafloor Spreading

Seafloor Spreading

Plate Movement

Subduction Zone

Volcanoes

Forces Below Earth’s Surface

•Lateral– Faults

•San Andreas Fault (U.S. West Coast)

Plate Movement

Faults

Faults

Folds

Folds

Ring of Fire

Plate Movement

Forces on Earth’s Surface

•Weathering– Chemical– Physical

•Erosion– Water– Wind– Glaciation

Mechanical Weathering

Mechanical

Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Water Erosion

Water Erosion

Beach Erosion from Waves

Wind Erosion

Glacial Erosion

Glacial Striation

Moraines

Glacial Valley

Landforms•Tectonic Processes

– Mountains, some valleys, folding, faulting

•Erosion– Plateaus, plains

•Sediment Deposition– Alluvial fans, river deltas

Landforms

Landforms

Landforms

The Hydrosphere

Section 2

Water on Earth

•Breakdown– Salt water – 97%– Freshwater – <3%

• Available to Humans - <1%

Hydrologic Cycle

Water on Earth

Flooding

Natural Resources

Section 3

Soil

Forests

Air

Air

Air

Water

Water

Minerals

Minerals

Energy

Energy