Circulation in Landscape

Circulation

Circulation as a means of structuring experience and as a generator of form. It begins with the movement of people…

Circulation as

movement

Character, nature and speed of movement at which we flow is influenced by the circulation path.

1

2

3

The importance

of movement

Experience

Perception

Understanding

Character of flowThe specific character of movement affects not only our mood as we traverse the landscape, but also the images we receive. As we peruse the line characters and imagine along these lines, our perception would differ based upon the character of the flow.

direct

indirect

Fluid

Meandering

Circuitous

Angular

Nature of flowIn addition to character of line movement, nature also affects our perception of place.

Ascent Descent

Dendritic: Coalescing Dendritic: Dispersing

Rhythmic

Rhythmic: Intersecting

Rate of flowOur perception of place changes with rate at which we move. Moving quickly, we are relatively unaware on details but we do when we move slowly.

Forces that affect flow: HUMAN TENDENCIES

Relaxed flow Accelerated flow

Relaxed flow

Impelling factors ofmovement

(as shown in OHP)

The unusualThings at ‘pix’

That which is necessaryThe restful when weary

The admirableThe superlative

That which inspiresThat which is impressive

The exotic

The weirdThe elegantThe subtleThe spectacularThe familiarMovementThe appealingThat which is dramaticThat which is bold

Consideration in

movement

1Distance as friction2Positive qualities of

distance3Space modulation

4Conditioned perception5Sequence

6The ordered approach

1 Distance as friction

Speed and economy are factors: to select minimum of friction

Traffic of various types & velocities would be classified and separated – for safety purposes

Elements along the route would facilitate and express a freedom of movement, as well as freedom to users

In the various field of transportation, distance is considered as obstacle to be overcome – area must be traversed and space that must be bridged.

2 Positive qualities of distance

In the world of expansion and increasing pressure, we often yearn for more room and seek to extend our constricting boundaries. We expand and increase apparent distances.

It is an art that we, in the increased planning concentrations and population densities of the near future, must relearn and develop.

Distance is a function of area, and area in a function of space and both area and space are usually at a premium.

3 Space modulation

Man in motion takes great pleasure in the sensation of change – design modulation of spaces, views or objects to accommodate and express the use for which it was planned.

Man enjoys moving to and through spaces and moving around or past objects. This is called “experience of sequential space-to-space transition. One may be led through a sequence of varying spaces that provide a complete change in use and mood.

Each transition, space-to-space, is contrive with a deft assurance of practice, as a harmonious sequential progression of movement.

It is an established planning fact that we seek in an area or space that has quality of harmony, oneness or unity that is the mark of any well-conceived work of science of art.

4 Conditioned perception

A sequence of conditioned experience will heighten the interacting pleasurable impact of each compared to only a single experience alone.

Experience is compounded of which we have perceived that which we perceiving and that which we expect to perceive.

As moving through a space of complex spaces we subconsciously remember that which we have passed or sensed. We thus orient backwards in the time space, as well as forwards and find that each orientation gives meaning to the other and to all.

Designer should plan a program of user’s perception of any object by sequence of planned relationships that will reveal the most appealing qualities of it; - that will be experienced and anticipated by users.

5 Sequence

The planned sequence is an extremely effective design device – may induce motion, give direction, creative cadence, instill a mood or ‘explain’ an object or series of it in space and develop a concept.

A planned sequence = conscious arrangement of organization of elements or spaces. One feels compelled to move from the start of a sequence to its completion.

A sequence should interpret, express or dramatic or traversed. Each sequence, like a distinctive rhythm or refrain, has its own character and evokes an emotional response.

In nature, sequences are casual and free. BUT, in planned sequence, it may be casual and disciplined, rambling and intentionally to achieve a purpose. Sequence, in the term of planning, defined as succession of perception of experiences having continuity.

6 The ordered approach

A man in motion is acted upon by the physical environment through which he passes. It would seem, that a man moving toward a goal.

The ordered approaches are designed with admirable sensitivity. Progressive sequential realization of a concept or conditional attainment of a goal.

Line of approach(as shown in OHP)Meandering

DirectCurvilinear

ErraticLoopingPassing

In-circlingDispersingCongregatingRoundingReturningDivergingHoming

Quality of line(as shown in OHP)

With distractionWith diversionWith interferenceInterrupted lineObscure lineWith frictionDilution line

…end of lecture