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Landscape Heterogeneity of Riverine Wetlands of the Amazon Basin from a Remote Sensing
Perspective
UCSB – INPE - UWLeal A.K. Mertes
Evlyn NovoYosio Shimabukuro
Thelma KrugJeffrey Richey
Funding - NASA & W. Alton Jones Foundation
OUTLINE
Relationships among floodplain morphology, vegetation distribution, and inundation hydrology.
Floodplain morphology and inundation hydrology 1. along mainstem Amazon River 2. across Amazon Basin.
Classification procedure for optical data. Trends in spatial patterns of Amazon Basin
wetlands
Inundation Hydrology
Amazon Basin River Network - Digital Chart of the World
Amazon Basin Hydrology(based on unpublished data provided by Dunne & Newton)
Average total rainfall - mm Coefficient of variation (by month)
Averages based on data for 1972-1996
Vegetation Zonation on Amazon River Wetlands
(After Junk 1970)
low water
Methodology for Optical Data
O p tica l M osa ic C la ssi f ica tion
D a ta acqu is it ion2 8 L a nd sa t T M im ag es
G eo re fe re n cingU T M
1 :10 0 ,0 0 0 m a ps
Im ag e to im ag e ca lib ra tionH a ll e t a l. (19 91 ) b r igh t-d ark ta rg e t
S p ec tra l m ixtu re an a lys is-e nd m e m be r se le ction
- frac tion im ag e c lass if ica tion
C lass if ica tion
forest
Classification of SMA Data
turbid shade/clear vegetation
color composite classified v
t
sh senesced/bare
turbid water
clear water
macrophyte
Amazon Mainstem Floodplain - Landsat Mosaic
Classified Mainstem Mosaic
FOREST I (LO DENSITY)
FOREST II (HI DENSITY)
MACROPHYTE I/ PASTURE (HI DENSITY)
MACROPHYTE II/PASTURE (LO DENSITY)
TURBID WATER
CLEAR WATER
CLEARWATER W/LOW VEGETATION
SENESCED OR DEFOLIATED VEGETATION
UNCLASSIFIED
MUDDY PASTURE/MACROPHYTE
BOTTOM REFLECTANCE
SAND BARS
URBAN/BARE PASTURE
a
b
c
a bc
Vegetation Zonation on Amazon River Wetlands
(After Junk 1970)
low water
Amazon Mainstem Floodplain - Areal (km2) & Percent Cover
30567 lo trees 8776 hi trees11610 lo macro 3328 hi macro 7595 clear17951 turbid 1010 lo veg 2708 dry veg 6383 pasture 173 sand bar
90,275 all 64,383 just veg
25,546 just water
Summary for Mainstem
Landform and vegetation heterogeneity is most diverse in Zones 2 & 3 where there is significant mixing of river water and floodplain water during high water. Floodplain landforms available for colonization by vegetation include scroll bars, swales, lake shores, lake deltas, and floodplain drainage channels.
Zones 1 & 4 have less heterogeneous vegetation cover. However, where landforms are similar to the middle reaches, the spatial distribution of vegetation is similar.
Decreased forest cover downstream result of marked seasonality of precipitation and longer history of forest cutting.
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