landscape:water in landscape

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Water in Landscape


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The use of water

As processAs resourceAs design elements

Pools & pondsChannelsCascades & waterfallsWater jets

INTRODUCTORY

WATER

IN LANDS

CAPE

WATER FEATURES

LECTURE CONTENT


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THEUSEOF WATER

ECOLOGICAL FORCES

Water as one ofecological forces for:

Land & Landform

Water bodies

Plants

ESSENTIAL TOHUMANBEING ANDTO LIFE

sustenance irrigation

and industry

climate control

recreation

transportation


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THEUSEOF WATER

LANDSCAPEEXPRESSION

Sites designer mostversatile tool

LANDSCAPE VISUALRESOURCES

Able to stimulate the

mind and to captivateattention

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WATER INLANDSCAPEDESIGN

AS

PRO

CESS

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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGNAS PROCESS

Limited resource on, above andbelow the surface of the earth

Medium where life processesoccur living things need water tosustain life

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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGNAS PROCESS

The process is called water cycle elements are highly integrated with each otherand their ecological systems

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ASRESOURCE

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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGNASRESOURCE

WATER QUALITY & QUANTITYThe worth of:

Management of

the whole systeminvolved isnecessary:

Watershed & surface components

Flooding, the effects of draught,erosion & sedimentation &pollution

Disseminate water resource ethic(management attitude) to public

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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGNWater Resource Ethic

Responsible development would recognizethe ability of the water resource to servehuman needs. The pattern and nature ofthe development would respond to thisability, locating development outside theprime agriculture lands of the flood plainand allowing flooding to occur andreplenish the landscape

Surface water

Retention structures have the the addedbenefit of increasing recharge to the groundwater reservoir. As such they are importantground water management tools

Ground water

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Stream banks, lakeshores and wetlands are rich

habitats that provide shelter and food for birdsand animals. They are invaluable to ecological

system. Their continuity (and that of theirvaluable vegetative communities), is

dependent upon existing hydrologicrelationships. Development should notadversely affect these valued habitats.

Wetlands

Water is unparalleled recreational resources. Itprovides for fishing, swimming and boating aswell as associated activities such as camping

and hiking. Development should allow publicaccess to this resource and maintain it in

adequate quality and with a quality conduciveto health,safety and welfare.

Recreations

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In order to fully utilize the water resource,development should avoid reshaping theland in the area of the drainage way. The

banks sh

ould remain undisturbed wh

enpossible, with their surface matting ofintertwined roots intact. The form andsurface cover should be retained so thatthey can continue to resist the forces ofsurface flow

Drainage pattern

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AS

DESIGN

ELEMENTS18


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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGNAs Design Elements

Water by itself has no distinct design properties

other than that it is liquid all the visible

characteristics of water are directly dependent on

exterior factors (plastically, motion, sound,reflectivity, slope, container size, shape and

roughness, temperature, wind and light) that bear

on and reflect it.

Water must depend on its environmental context

for its particular qualities. Change the forces inthe environmental setting an you also after the

characteristics of water in that setting.

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Norman Booth, 1983

Basic Elements of

ArchitecturalDesign


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Water expresses its surface as line.

Rhythmic line of waves that move

across th

e surface under th

einfluence of wind and the linesthat pulse outward whensomething impacts the surface.

By shaping the edge over which

water falls, the water can becomea rhythmic vertical line,accentuating the verticaldirection and implyingconnection between the earth

and sky.20

Water aselement ofvisual design

LineFormColour

Texture

Line


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Water features can be linear, accentuatingwater movement and flow characteristics.

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Form

Can be compact in form

and convey a sense ofcentrality and arrival

Can be a complexcombination of differingcharacters, thereby pulling

together disparate elements

Can be consistent andconvey a more unifiedsense.


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Good quality colour has little colour.

Colour is imparted by the reflection carried

upon its surface, by its diffusing ch

aracter andby the colour of its container.

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LineFormColour

Texture

Colour


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Waters surface texture is determined by itscontainer, depth and flow characteristics.

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LineFormColour

Texture

Texture


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Sensual quality and water effect depends onthe design intent and context.

INTENTION: Initially by deciding design intent,

including functional aspects, desired mood,and aesthetic and sensual character

CONCEPTUAL /SCHEMATIC: Then, Identificationof appropriate water effects to achieve thedesired character, mood and function.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: Finally, the shaping ofthe container and the environment context toachieve these effects

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Water assensual qualityin design


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WATER IN LANDSCAPEDESIGN

As Design Elements

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Splattering water creates sound

which masks noise while cooling

the air through evaporation and

enhancing visual quality Smooth sheet flow

enhances visual

character of street

Water as sensualquality in design

Sensual quality and water effect dependson the design intent and context.


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Water can be design as symbolic

or indirect reference.

The interpretation of mountainstream, river, flood plain and

braided stream can makereference to the natural

environment with formscompatible with the urban context

It can serve as SYMBOL toconcentrate the meanings of thenatural condition and to transpose

these into the landscape areas,especially in urban context.

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Water as Symbolic


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The landscape designer communicates anethic (moral) through design.

For instance:

The use of great volumes and velocity of waterto overpower the observer symbolizes ananthropomorphic view of the world; a man asconqueror and controller of nature

A small volume of water extended through anelaborate series of sensual experiencesconveys an appreciation of the scarcity andvalue of water

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Water as ethic


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WATERFEATURES

POO

L & PO

NDS

CHANNELS

WATER

JETS

CASCADES &WATERFALLS

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WATER FEATURES

Bodies of still water

Arch

itectonicapproach

Function primarily asreflecting surfaces

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POOLS


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WATER FEATURES

Bodies of still water

Naturalistic line quality,usually with plantmaterials.

Usually located at thelowest elevation of thelandform to reinforce the

equilibrium with gravity

Pastoral and vernacularmood of a place

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PONDS


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WATER FEATURES

CANNELSConduits contain flowing water

Sensual effect depends on: watervolume, flow rate, channel size, shapeand steepness

Linear in form to convey movement

and to decentralize meaning

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WATER FEATURES

Involves falling water

Falling water depends on:

Volume and rate of flow

condition of edge wherewater falls

height and nature of the fall

the surface terminating thefall

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CASCADES & WATERFALLS


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WATER FEATURES

Large volume of waterforced through smallapertures result in highvelocities of flow

Serves to draw attentionpunctuates the landscape,reinforces special points

Points of energy in bucolic

setting (country andnatural setting)

Types; single orifice jet,aerated jet, spray jet andformed multi-jets

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WATER JETS


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WATER INLANDSCAPE

byNURUL

HIDAYAH

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