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8/14/2019 Landuse Planning, Priorities and Management
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LANDUSE PLANNING, PRIORITIES
AND MANAGEMENT
BY
I L SNEHA (1221112112)
M MANASA (1221112117)
R S SNIGDHA (1221112131)
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DEFINITION
Land use planning is a systematic and iterative procedure carried
out in order to create an enabling environment for sustainable
development of land resources which meets people’s needs and
demands.
It assesses the physical, socio-economic, institutional and legal
potentials and constraints with respect to an optimal and
sustainable use of natural resources and empowers people to make
decisions about how to allocate those resources.
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RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Ever since independence, India's planners and Policy makers have shown
concern for efficient use of land, water and other natural resources for
accelerated as well as sustainable economic development.
The questions of efficiency, equity and environment protection have been
flagged in almost all Five Year Plans.
It is often reported that the problems of land degradation and
groundwater depletion have assumed serious proportions in many areas
which threaten not only the sustainability of agriculture, but also the
overall livelihood system of the people.
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Need for Land Use Planning
In a developing country like India, land is not only an important factor Of
Production, but also the basic means of subsistence (if not prosperity) for
majority of the people.
Agriculture contributes less than 30 percent to India's Gross Domestic
Product, but absorbs nearly 64 percent of the country's working
population.
Land sector cannot bear the burden of growing population, not
withstanding the untapped potentials for agricultural productivity growth
in many regions.
All lands and locations are not equally suitable for profitable, alternative
farming and hence, there is need for cluster approach to development.
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Land is required for both agriculture and non-agricultural purposes,
including establishment of industries, housing, roads, parks, railway lines
etc.
The problem arises because market driven, albeit unplanned
diversification as well as urbanization often results in non-sustainable
patterns of development.
A market driven land use pattern may yield higher returns in the short run,but may pose several unmanageable problems for future generations due
to unplanned overexploitation of land, water and other natural resources.
Hence arises the need for appropriate land use planning.
The development process should be sustainable both in the short run and
long run, based on conservation, of land, water, plant and animal genetic
resources.
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LANDUSE PLANNING
Mainly three planning levels
• State level planning (State level Plans or Programmes)
• Regional (District) Planning (Regional Plans)
• Municipal Planning (Master Plans and Lay-Out Plans)
Process oriented
• Upper planning level guides development at lower planning level,
while the lower planning levels provide input into the plans
development at higher planning levels.
• Collaboration and co-ordination between concerned governmentalauthorities is compulsory and the necessary procedures to be
followed are relatively strict.
• Social groups and general public are involved.
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Plans summarise future demands
All plans summarise the socially accepted future demand for land andresources identified in a democratically organised process involving all
social groups and the general public.
National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning
NRSA conducted land use survey using Remote Sensing Technique in the
year 1988-89. Has 22 categories of land use:Built up land
Agricultural land
Fallow land
Plantations
Forests
Wastelands
etc.
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Changes in Land use Patterns Over Time By State
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Area Under Detailed Land Use/Land Cover Categories, India
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Area Under Various Categories of Wastelands by State
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Land use Conflicts in India
"We don't want compensation or any relief package inexchange of the land we are depended upon. The
government should use waste land for industry”- Ramanbhai
Patel, a farmer from Hirapur
Farmers to launch protest against land acquisition in Gujarat;
Dec 9, 2009, Place: Ahmedabad | Agency: PTI
“In the Indian reform story, policies on land have been the
least reformed one”.
“Leaders need to define and reconcile between cultivated
land and industrial land, because agriculture also needs to beefficient. There should be no long term detriment to land
owners”.- Ratan Tata, Industrialist Indian Express, Dec 22
2009, 08:45 hrs Mumbai
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Farmers' protest in Delhi underscores India's land woes-August 26,
2010; International Business Times
In New Delhi, about 15,000 flag-waving, slogan-shouting farmers
squatted at a square near parliament after being stopped by police in
riot gear.
Farmers protest against land acquisition in Chattisgarh, 78 held-The
Times of India, Jan 19, 2011
78 Farmers protesting against forcible acquisition of their land for a
3600 mw power plant were arrested and several others lathi charged
in Chhattisgarh's Janjgir Champa district.
India: Uttar Pradesh farmers protest spreads-Todays’ News; May 9th,
2011
A protest by thousands of farmers against alleged forced acquisition of
land has spread to parts of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Power plants protest shows industry - farmer rift-Published on Fri, Jan
21, 2011 at 17:34 | Source : Reuters
Hundreds of stone-hurling farmers protested in Uttar Pradesh against
the takeover of their land for two proposed power plants on Friday,
police said, spotlighting challenges the country faces in building
infrastructure.
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Key Concerns Industry is one of the major drivers for land use changes
Lack of integrated spatial planning-Spatial planning (State Plans, Regional
Plans, Master Plans etc.) where sites/zones for setting up of industries or
industrial estates are specified has limited existence.
Haphazard land use changes-
Housing/residential areas
Commercial areas
Amenities and facilities such as schools, hospitals, hotels etc.
Infrastructure, viz. roads, rail etc.
Water, waste water and waste storage/treatment installations
Ancillary industries and service industry
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Pollution and disaster threats
Handling, storage and transportation of hazardous
chemicals/materials
Emission of pollutants including toxic emissions
Effluents, especially those that are not easily biodegradable and
toxic
Pollution of ground water, streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, or other
bodies of water. Hazardous wastes –liquids, solids, contained
gases or sludges.
Industrial disaster risks and natural disaster risks
Over exploitation of resources
Eg. Inadequate water to cater to both industry and agriculture
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Emerging issues The Low level of agricultural productivity coupled with inadequate
farm and non-farm diversification, low level of technological change
and lack of infrastructural facilities of irrigation, roads, market etc. act
as major constraints to rural development in general.
But high rates of soil erosion, land degradation and groundwater
depletion in many regions due to indiscriminate use of land, water and
other natural resources have posed additional threat to ecological
balance and sustainability of livelihood system of the people.
Therefore, any planning for land use should attempt to solve the
general problems of underdevelopment and arrest area specific non-
sustainable trends and patterns of development.
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All types of lands and locations are not equally suitable for
profitable, albeit alternative enterprises. Hence, cluster
approach to development, based on agroclimatic as well astechno-economic potentials of each region would be
essential.
The Agro-climatic Regional Planning Unit of the Planning
Commission, ICAR, Land Use Boards and several other
organizations have generated lot of data and also developed
plans for efficient use of land for a number of selected areas.
Finally, there is need for update and accurate land use data
for various regions. The differences in data from the available
sources would have to be reconciled.
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Land use management suggestions
Initiate integrated spatial planning
Undertake land use planning for “Special/priority Areas”.
Identify and plan industrial ‘Investment Regions’ minimizing
conflicts with agricultural use.
Identify/demarcate preferential lands, other than agricultural
lands, for developmental activities
Identify/demarcate preferential lands, other than agricultural
lands, for developmental activities.
Identify/demarcate preferential lands, other than agricultural
lands, for developmental activities. Relocation of polluting industries and Industrial Estates/Clusters
from agricultural areas
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National level and state land use policy to be developed for
protecting agricultural land use while achieving developmental
objectives.
Guidelines for land use planning and management to be
developed for all key sectors.
Bring in legal provisions wherever required.
Develop policies/guidelines /actions/rules for regulating
conversion of agricultural land use and protection of agricultural
lands.
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