“Language Families and Branches”

Pamela Sanhueza C.

means

Most studied language family Indo European

whyBecause these languages are official or co-official

in many countries and are essential in different fields

Language Family

A group of languages related from a common

ancestor (proto-language)

Languages spoken by more than half of world’s population as L1 or L2

Languages of religion, culture and philosophy belong to the Indo European language family

Indo-European Family origin

In the forest north of the Black Sea during the Neolithic .

I-E12

branches

Celtic Branch

Germanic Branch

Latin Branch

Slavic Branch

Baltic Branch

Hellenic Branch

Illyc Branch

Anatolian Branch

Thracian Branch

Iranian Branch

Indic Branch

Tokharian Branch

origin Central Europe/Western Europe

Welsh languages Irish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic

Breton Cornish Manx Gaulish Pictish extinct languagesCumbrian Galatian

Celtic Branc

h

origin from Old Norse and Saxon

English languages Dutch (Flemish/Africaans

“varieties”) German (Yiddish

“variety”) Danish, Norwegian,

Swedish

GothicFrankishLombardo extinct languagesVisigothVandal

Germanic Branch

also called Italic or Romance Languages

Italian Portuguese (Galician) dialect languages Spanish French Romanian (Moldavian) dialect Romansh Ladino Provincial Catalan

Dalmatian SabineOscan Umbrian extinct languagesFaliscan

Latin Branch

confined to Eastern Europe Bulgarian Russian (the most important) Poland (Kashubian) spoken in parts of Poland languages Sorbian Czech Slovak Slovene Macedonian Bosnian Ukrainian Byelorussian

The Slavic Branch

just two Baltic Languages

Lithuanian

languages Latvian

Prussian is an extinct language of the

Baltic branch

Baltic Branc

h

just Modern Greek

Ancient Greek was written from around 700 BC

Doric from Sparta Ionic from CosMayor forms Aeolic from Lesbos Attic from Athens

Hellenic Branch

single language branch

languages Albanian (two dialects)

Geg Tosk

Illyric and Mesapian are considered extinct languages

Illyric Branc

h

all languages are extinct

Lydian Lycian Extinct languages Luwian Palaic

Anatolian Branch

represented by a single language

Armenian

has its own script

Armenian(extinct languages)

Dacian Thracian Phrygian

Thracian

Branch

languages descended from

Ancient Persian

main language Farsi second large language Kurdish

other languages Pashto, Baluchi, Ossetian, Tadzhik

extinct languages Avestan, Scythian

Iranian Branch

has the most languages that are

derived from Sanskrit

Pali Kashmiri languages Ardhamagadhi Sindhi Indi Gujarati Urdu Konkani Nepali Sinhalese Bengali Maldivian Bhili Oriya Marathi Assamese Punjabi and Lahnda Maithili and Maghadi

Indic Branc

h

two extinct languages

identified

Turfanian Kuchean

those languages were once spoken in

north west China

Tokharian Branch