LANGUAGE, POWER AND AUTHORITY
LECTURE 4
ALAIN CHARTIER, LE QUADRILOGUE INVECTIF
Family Tree
Philippe le Bed. 1314l
Louis le Hutind. 1316
Ph. le Longd. 1322
Charles le Beld. 1328
daughter
Isabellam. Edward II
Edward III3 daughtersdaughter
Hundred Years’ War
1337 Beginning of war
1340 Battle of Sluys
1346 Battle of Crecy
1356 Battle of Poitiers
1415 Battle of Agincourt
Bourgeois de Paris
Jour et nuit crioient hommes, femmes, petits
enfants: “Helas, je meurs de froit!” et l’autre
“Je meurs de fain”.
Bourgeois de Paris
En ce temps estoient les loups si affames qu’ils desterroient a leurs pattes les corps des gens … car partout ou on alloit, on trouvoit des morts et aux champs et aux villes, de la grant povrete, du cher temps et de la famine qu’ils souffroient, pour la maudite guerre qui tousjours croissoit de jour en jour.
Latin loan-words
• Somptueusement < Lat. sumptuosus, 14th c.
• Habitacions < Lat. habitatio, c. 1350
• Negligence < Lat. negligentia, c. 1250
• Refection < Lat. refectio, c. 1410
• Edifice < Lat. aedificium, c. 1250
LEXICON
=
VOCABULARY
Etymologically correct forms
HIGH STATUS
Used for:
• Religion
• Education
• Law and Administration
• “Literature”
LATINATE VOCABULARY
SEIGNEURIEUX EDIFICE
V.
MAISON ROYALE
LATINATE VOCABULARY
1408 1250
SEIGNEURIEUX EDIFICE
V.
MAISON ROYALE
LINGUISTIC VOCABULARY
• DOUBLET
• PLEONASM
DOUBLETS
• Entailleures, paintures, armoeries et menueries
• Desmentoit et decrevoit
• Plaintif et langoureux
NON-ETYMOLOGICAL LETTERS
Chartier Latin etymons
• Haultes altus
• Default defallere
• Dessoubz desubtus
• Daulphins *dalfinus
• Principaulx principalis
CRITICAL VOCABULARY
PARATAXIS V. HYPOTAXIS
CRITICAL VOCABULARY
PARATAXIS V. HYPOTAXIS
= =SIMPLE COMPLEXDECLARATIVE SENTENCESSENTENCES
PARATACTIC SENTENCE
I got up early, I went to work, I had a report to write.
HYPOTACTIC SENTENCE
I got up early in order to go to work, because I had a report to write
HIGH-STATUS LANGUAGE
1. ACCEPTANCE
2. CODIFICATION
3. ELABORATION
HIGH-STATUS LANGUAGE
WHAT WE SHALL NOW BE SEEING, INTHE RENAISSANCE AND LATER, IS:
CODIFICATION
ELABORATION