8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

1/13

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

2/13

Exploring Mughal Garden

Water cascade separates the middleand the lower terrace

Reflecting pool

Maple tree ablaze with autumncolours

A Reflection of Paradise

For the Mughals, gardens were like a glimpse of heaven and they drewinspiration from the Quran, modifying andadapting established designs to shape

their paradise on earth. A Mughal garden or charbagh was aperfectly balanced formal composition ofspace, vegetation and architecture, textureand colour, light and shade, designed toaddress and delight all the senses.

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

3/13

The mughal gardens of India wereinspired by thePERSIAN GARDENS of the Islamic

world. Barbur brought some of the nicest thingsof art and culture from persia,of whichgardening was one.

Inspiration::

Universal values : :

Represent a masterpiece of humancreative genius. Development of monumental arts,townplanning & landscape design. Bear a unique or a at least exceptionaltestimony to a cultural tradition.

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

4/13

Examples of tomb gardens of mughal in India

Taj mahal

Perfect monument of mughalarchitecture .

Part of a large garden complex, withthe river Yamuna behind it. The char-bagh(garden)is almost a square, 987 x 800 The garden has broad causeways

from the centre of each side ,intersecting in the middle to form areflecting pond. Whole complex is rectangular inlayout, the garden square with centralcauseways subdividing it intosquares. The plots are further subdividedinto smaller plots, by walkways andwater channels.

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

5/13

Location : Agra

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

6/13

LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

Water As an integral part of spationalorganization of the whole.

As ornamentations and variedfeatures. Canals drawn from the Yamunaprovided a more dependable watesupply. Water courses studded with foun Ponds at the junction of water co

Vegetation Aesthetic and utilitarian

values Mainly as avenue treesalong the walkways. Flowering shrubs inparterrers and beds.Trees :

cypresorangecitron varietiespomegranatesalmondsdate palmsNewly introduced:mangoescoconutsbananasmulberriesGuayas.

Shrubs:irisdaffodilsnarcissusroses jasmine

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

7/13

HUMAYUNS TOMB

Spatial organisations

Humayun was the son of Babur, India's thefirst Mughal emperor, and was himself the first

to be buried in a tomb with a garden setting.

It was thus an excellent choice for the firstmajor garden restoration project in India .

The only criticisms to be made ofthe project are:

the planting design is not like theoriginal planting

the European-style stone seatsintroduce a foreign note to thecomposition

Humayun's tomb with a very well chosen rich red gravel used for thepaths

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

8/13

Humayun's Tomb Gardenhas a symmetrical plan.

Because the word chaharbagh means 'four garden

seems unlikely that the old Persian, Timurid and Afgan gardens whichinspired this pattern were themselves symmetrical.

HUMAYUNS TOMB

Garden Plan

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

9/13

HUMAYUNS TOMB

A delightful fountain, water flowing inthe stone-edged channels andplanting rising from below the walkwayto above the walkway, as it should.

A chadar (water

sheet) cascadinginto a pool .

European-stylebackless seats, ofa type never usedin Mughal days

character of the planting is un-historical. It should be filled with fruitand flowers of the kind so muchappreciated by the Mughal emperors.

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

10/13

MUGHAL GARDENS Mughal Gardens are a group of garden designs which originate

from the Islamic Mughal Empire . The style was influenced by Persian Gardens and Timurid gardens. Significant use is made of recrtilinear layouts within walledenclosures. Typical features include pools, fountains and canals. The founder of the Mughal empire , Babur or Timur describedhis favoured type of garden as a charbagh . This word developed a new meaning in India because, asBabur explains, India lacked the fast-flowing streams requiredfor the Central Asian charbagh. The Agra garden, now known as the Ram Bagh , is thought tohave been the first charbagh. India and Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens whichdiffer from their Central Asian predecessors in their highlydisciplined geometry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbaghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Baghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Baghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbaghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_design

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

11/13

Early textual references to Mughal gardens are found in the memoirs

and biographies of the Mughal emperors, including Babur , Humayun andAkbar . Later references are found in the accounts of India written by Europeantravellers, like Bernier. The first serious historical study of Mughal gardens was written byConstance Villiers-Stuart, with the title Gardens of the Great M ughals (1913). Her husband was a Colonel in Britain's Indian army. This gave her a good network of contacts and an opportunity to travel. During their residence at Pinjore Gardens Mrs Villiers-Stuart also hadthe opportunity to direct the maintenance of an important Mughal

garden. Her book makes reference to the forthcoming design of a garden for theGovernment House in New Delhi (now Rashtrapati Bhavan ).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjore_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjore_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babur

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

12/13

8/14/2019 Lanndscape Seminar

13/13