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Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature...

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Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 0 1 -1 -2 0 10 20 (ms -1 ) 40 km MIT radar data, Niamey Lothon et al. (2011) Vents de surface en entrée du modèle d'érosion Yann Largeron, Dominique Bouniol, Fleur Couvreux, F. Guichard (CNRM) Echanges avec Laurent Kergoat et Caroline Pierre (GET) Christel Bouet (IEES) et Béatrice Marticorena (LISA Réunion CAVIARS 10-11 juin 2014
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Page 1: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012)

surface air temperature anomaly

(K)

surface wind speed

0 1-1-2

0 10 20(ms-1)

40 km

MIT radar data, Niamey Lothon et al. (2011)

Vents de surface en entrée du modèle d'érosionYann Largeron, Dominique Bouniol, Fleur Couvreux, F. Guichard (CNRM)

Echanges avec Laurent Kergoat et Caroline Pierre (GET) Christel Bouet (IEES) et Béatrice Marticorena (LISA)

Réunion CAVIARS 10-11 juin 2014

Page 2: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Guichard et al. (2009)

Agoufou, Mali (1.5°W, 15.3°N) local data , automatic weather station

Rain eventsWind speed

daily max

daily min

Important characteristics of the surface wind in the Sahel

wind speed diurnal cycle

Strong wind gusts associated with rainfallmorning maximum (mixing of low level nocturnal jet)weak nocturnal wind outside of the monsoon season (dry air)

Page 3: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Vents de surface en entrée du modèle d'érosion

Base: vent grillé issu de réanalyses météorologiques

Limitations

échelle spatio-temporelle relativement grossière ( dx : 50-150 km , dt : 1 h à 6 h)

pas de rafales convectives dignes de ce nom

Approche

paramétrisation des effets de la convection sur le vent * background: Redelsperger et al. 2000, accélération de la vitesse fct précipitation

paramétrisation du 'gust' (flux turbulents H, LE, quantité de mouvement)

* ici importance de la distribution de vent sous-maille (erosion: phénomène à seuil)

Utilisation de simulations fine échelle pour bâtir une paramétrisation (simulations CASCADE, UK, AROME, MésoNH)

Cadrage par les observations

Page 4: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Vents de surface en entrée du modèle d'érosionElements de Bilan

Evaluation systématique de différentes réanalyses météorologiques (Largeron et al., soumis) Comparaisons ERA-40 et ERA-Interim (période de recouvrement)

besoin d'utiliser les 2 pour la période 1960-2010Evaluation des vents de rafale ('gusts') dans ces réanalyses

pas de paramétrisation des effets de la convection profonde

Revue des formulations proposées pour les gusts (biblio 'météo')

Traitement et analyses des observations Le vent en relation avec les MCS: croisement données locales, radar MIT,

données satellitaires, tracking MCS (DB)les données des soniques du Gourma , les données SYNOP (LK, FG)

Poursuite de l'exploitation des simulations CASCADE

Travail préparatoire sur les réanalyses (calculs paramètres convectifs)

On a appris et/ou réalisé que :La mesure du vent en conditions convectives sont difficiles (précision des données SYNOP?)Les distributions de type Weibull (souvent utilisées) sont mal adaptées à notre sujet

Matérielutile

pour lelivrable

(docs deYann)

Page 5: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

5-min average surface wind speed

Bamba (17°N)

Agoufou (15°N)

Banizoumbou (13°N)

Day of year

Page 6: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Quelques centaines d'évènements convectifs observés localement

Most strong wind events involve rainfall (different from the Sahara)

wind speedrainfall

zonal wind

meridional wind

IRT from satellite

Page 7: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Croisement données locales, radar, satellite: AMMA 2006 : Les coups de vent fort sont toujours observés à proximité des cellules orageuses

Page 8: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Comparison Sonic and cup anemometer in 'calm' (i.e. no convective event) conditions

15-min average wind from automatic weather station (AWS)1-min average wind from sonic anemometer (from 20Hz data)1-min maximum wind speed (from 3-s average values)1-min maximum wind speed (from 20Hz values)

15-min average wind AWS15-min average wind SONIC

Weaker wind with AWS than SONIC, not inconsistent with differences in height and location of the instrument on the small dunes.There is usually a good correlation between the 2 datasets for these relatively 'calm' conditions' True for Agoufou and Bamba

Page 9: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Comparison Sonic and cup anemometer in convective conditions in Agoufou

15-min avg wind AWS1-min avg SONIC1-min max wind speed (3-s average values)1-min max wind speed (from 20Hz values)

15-min average wind AWS15-min average wind SONIC

An issue common to numerous cases of convective event occurrence: during the event, 15-min average winds from the AWS is much higher than from the SONIC. + it seems the AWS max is often more in line with the SONIC 1-min max, but still higher than the 1-min max obtained from 3-s mean data (grey dots in Fig. above)

Page 10: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

15-min avg wind AWS1-min avg SONIC1-min max wind speed (3-s average values)1-min max wind speed (from 20Hz values)

15-min average wind AWS15-min average wind SONIC

It works much better in Bamba than Agoufou during convective events!+ the 2 instruments are at about the same height and very close to each otherNote the AWS underestimation under low wind, late-night-early morning day of year 237, also night of doys 238-239 (red line sinks to 0)

Comparison Sonic and cup anemometer in convective conditions in Bamba

Page 11: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Un problème de mesure de vent par anémomètre à coupelles qui n'est pas une spécificité de l'instrument d'Agoufou , cohérent qualitativement littérature années 70' 80'

Mếme type de problèmeidentifié avec les données Fennec

Figure Sophie Cowie

Page 12: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Quelques mots sur les vents SYNOP

Page 13: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

DONNEES SYNOP : les ~30 dernières années

Un exemple très representatif des quelques dizaines de stations de la zone

pose questions sur la qualité et l'homogéneité de ces données

Page 14: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Precip=0Precip>0.1 mm

CASCADE: 40 days

PDF of gustiness Ug

using wind at 10 m

dry boxes (P = 0)wet boxes (P > 0.1 mm)

using wind at 50 m

AROME: 6 days , dx=4 km

Monsoon season [10°W-10°E , 10°N-20°N] , t = 1 hboxes A

i ~ 100 km x 100 km : compute U

g (A

i , t)

Illustrations exploitations simulations

cautionscatter (exploration of DCAPE, shear)

still, in the Sahel (south of 16°N at least), rainfall appears as informative at 1st order(consistent with local and MIT data)most gust cases occur close to where rain is falling

0.000 0.010 0.0200

1

2

3

4

5 Ug f surface rain water

(g/kg)

both models generate convectively-driven gust winds, as opposed to models with convective parametrizations which do not display any - consistent with previous studies

Domaine simulations CASCADE

Ug

2 = U2 – Uo

2

Page 15: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

longitude

longitude

latitudelatitude

Page 16: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

Vents de surface en entrée du modèle d'érosion

Réanalyses ECMWF- ERA-40 (1958-2002) 0.75° x 0.75° dt = 3h- ERA Interim (1979-2013) 1.125° x 1.125° dt = 3h

1) Test de la paramétrisation (V1) sur le Fakara (2014)en collab. Caroline Pierre et al., à partir de l'été 2014 période 2000-2013, utilisation plus extensive de 2006

Préparation des jeux de fichiers vent à 10 m (formats..., idée de faciliter les échanges)

J0 : vents réanalyseJ1 : vents avec paramétrisation V1 (gust + distribution sous maille)J2 ... Jn (n pas trop grand , n < 5)

alimentés par le travail en cours :sur les dépendances en DCAPE, profil de vent, humiditésur l'évaluation des runs type CASCADE avec les observations et les LESsur la sensibilité au champ de précipitation utilisé

2) Extension à l'échelle régionale (2015)Travail avec des pluies journalières vents forts sur surface sèche versus déjà mouillée (PDF jointes)

Page 17: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.
Page 18: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.
Page 19: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

AWS TemperatureSONIC 'virtual' Temperature

A few extra slides

Dry conditions, AWS T and SONIC Tv more 'comparable'. The signal makes physical sense: e.g. differences in diurnal fluctuations, note also more mixing (less differences in T) in the more windy night doy 344 to doy 345

Page 20: Large Eddy Simulation dx = 200 m (case study of Couvreux et al. 2012) surface air temperature anomaly (K) surface wind speed 01 -2 01020 (ms -1 ) 40 km.

AWS TemperatureSONIC 'virtual' Temperature

A few extra slides


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