Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459 …...Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459...

Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing

(ASTM D 6459 modified)

of

Rainier Veneer’s

Rainier Fiber™ BFM

(Bonded Fiber Matrix)

over

Sandy Loam

May 2012

Submitted to:

AASHTO/NTPEP

444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249

Washington, D.C. 20001

Attn: Evan Rothblatt, NTPEP

[email protected]

Submitted by:

TRI/Environmental, Inc.

9063 Bee Caves Road

Austin, TX 78733

C. Joel Sprague

Project Manager

May 25, 2012

Mr. Evan Rothblatt AASHTO/NTPEP

444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249

Washington, D.C. 20001

E-mail: [email protected]

Subject: Large-scale Slope Testing of Rainier Fiber™ BFM over Sandy Loam

Dear Mr. Rothblatt:

This letter report presents the results for large-scale slope erosion tests performed on Rainier

Fiber™ BFM (Bonded Fiber Matrix) hydraulically-applied erosion control product (HECP) over

sandy loam. All testing work was performed in general accordance with the ASTM D 6459,

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)

Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion modified as necessary to

accommodate hydraulically-applied mulch. The product was allowed to cure on the slopes for

approximately 48 hours prior to testing. Generated results were used to develop the following

general cover factor (C-Factor) for the tested material:

C-Factor Rainier Fiber BFM @ 3500lbs/acre = WITHDRAWN for cumulative R Factor = 231

Eqn: C = WITHDRAWN

TRI is pleased to present this final report. Please feel free to call if we can answer any questions

or provide any additional information.

Sincerely,

C. Joel Sprague, P.E.

Senior Engineer

Geosynthetics Services Division

Cc: Sam Allen, Jarrett Nelson - TRI

Rainier Fiber™ BFM over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP

May 25, 2012

2

SLOPE TESTING REPORT

Rainier Fiber™ BFM over Sandy Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

Overview of Test and Apparatus

TRI/Environmental, Inc.'s (TRI's) large-scale slope erosion testing facility is located at the

Denver Downs Research Farm in Anderson, SC. Testing oversight is provided by C. Joel

Sprague, P.E. The large-scale testing reported herein was performed in accordance with ASTM

D 6459 modified as necessary to accommodate hydraulically-applied mulch, on 3:1 slopes using

loamy soil test plots measuring 40 ft long x 8 ft wide. The simulated rainfall was produced by ten

“rain trees” arranged around the perimeter of each test slope. Each rain tree has four sprinkler

heads atop a 15 ft riser pipe. The rainfall system has been calibrated prior to testing to determine

the number of sprinkler heads and associated pressure settings necessary to achieve target

rainfall intensities and drop sizes. The target rainfall intensities are 2, 4, and 6 in/hr and are

applied in sequence for 20 minutes each. Three replicate test slopes covered by the same

hydraulically-applied erosion control product (HECP) submitted were tested. The application

rate of the HECP was 3500 lb/acre. The product was allowed to cure on the slopes for

approximately 48 hours prior to testing. The erosion resistance provided by the product tested is

obtained by comparing the protected slope results to control (bare soil) results. Tables and

graphs of rainfall versus soil loss are generated from the accumulated data.

Hydraulic Erosion Control Product (HECP)

The following information and index properties were determined from the supplied products.

Table 1. Tested Product Information & Index Properties

Product Information and Index Property / Test Units Sampled Product

Product Identification - Rainier Fiber™ BFM

Manufacturing Plant Location - Graham, WA

Lot number of sample - 5 Bags: 2ea, 03/29-12;

2ea, 03/30-12; 1ea,

04/02-12

Refined Wood Fiber % 90%

Proprietary Cross-Linked Binder % 10%

Moisture % 12 ± 3%

Tensile Strength (ASTM D 6818 modified)* lb/in

Tensile Elongation (ASTM D 6818 modified)* %

Thickness (ASTM 6525 modified)* mils

Light Penetration (ASTM 6567 modified)* % cover

Water Absorption (ASTM 1117 / ECTC TASC 00197)* % wt change

Mass / Unit Area (ASTM D 6566 modified)* osy

Note: Index specimens were made using the currently proposed ASTM procedure.

* = These values are from independent testing of randomly sampled product.


May 25, 2012

3

Test Soil

The test soil used in the test plots had the following characteristics.

Table 2. TRI-Loam Characteristics

Soil Characteristic Test Method Value

% Gravel

ASTM D 422

0

% Sand 45

% Silt 35

% Clay 20

Liquid Limit, % ASTM D 4318

41

Plasticity Index, % 8

Soil Classification USDA Sandy Loam

Soil Classification USCS Sandy silty clay (ML-CL)

K-Factor D 6459 0.085

Preparation of the Test Slopes

The initial slope soil veneer (12-inch thick minimum) is placed and compacted. Compaction is

verified to be 90% (± 3%) of Proctor Standard density using ASTM D 1556 (sand cone method).

Subsequently, the test slopes undergo a “standard” preparation procedure prior to each slope test.

First, any rills or depressions resulting from previous testing are filled in with test soil and

subject to heavy compaction. The entire test plot is then tilled to a depth not less than four

inches. The test slope is then raked to create a slope that is smooth both side-to-side and top-to-

bottom. Finally, a steel drum roller is rolled down-and-up the slope 3 times proceeding from one

side of the plot to the other. The submitted erosion control product is then installed using the

spray technique acceptable to the client. For this testing, TRI applied the product to the slopes.

Installation of Erosion Control Product on Test Slopes

As noted, the submitted erosion control product was installed as directed by the client. For the

tests reported herein, the HECP was applied at the rate of 3500 lb/acre. The applied material

was allowed to cure for approximately more than 48 hours prior to testing.

Specific Test Procedure

withdrawn


May 25, 2012

4

TEST RESULTS

withdrawn

Rainier BFM over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP

May 25, 2012

Appendix

APPENDIX A – RECORDED DATA

Test Record Sheets

Sediment Concentration Data

Runoff Data

Soil Moisture Content

Soil Loss Tables


May 25, 2012

Appendix

withdrawn


May 25, 2012

Appendix

APPENDIX B – TEST SOIL

Test Soil Grain Size Distribution Curve

Compaction Curves

Veneer Soil Compaction Verification

December 2011

Corporate Laboratory: 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX 78733 / 800-880-TEST / 512-263-2101 / [email protected]

Denver Downs Research Facility: 4915 Clemson Blvd., Anderson, SC 29621 / 864-242-2220 / [email protected]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Pe

rce

nt

Fin

er

Particle Size (mm)

DDRF ASTM D 6459 Blended Test Soil

ASTM D 6459 Target Loam Range

Plasticity (ASTM D 4318) Liquid Limit: 30 Plastic Limit: 22 Plastic Index: 8

Soil classifies as a silty sand (SM) in accordance with ASTM D 2487

Tested by: Tamika Walker

TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, except in full, without prior approval of TRI.

9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733-6201 (512) 263-2101 (512) 263-2558 1-800-880-TEST

Cheng-Wei Chen, 02/03/10

Quality Review/Date

The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply

to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material.

Proctor Compaction Test

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Moisture Content (%)

Dry

Den

sity

(pcf

)

2.80

2.60

2.70

Project: TRI-DDRF

Sample No.: DDRF Test Soil - January 2010

TRI Log No.: E2337-12-04

Test Method: ASTM D 698 - Method A

Maximum Dry Density (pcf): 98.7

Optimum Moisture Content (%): 20.0

Calibration Date: 8/16/2009

Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand

Volume Measure: Liquid Volume, Vm (cm3): 425

Wt. of Sand to Fill Known Volume:

Total Wt (g) Pan Wt (g) Net Wt (g)

Trial #1 (g) 663.3 11.5 651.8

Trial #2 (g) 661.3 11.5 649.8

Trial #3 (g) 657.3 11.5 645.8

Wa (g) 649.1

Density of Sand, ɣsand (g/cm3) = Wa / Vm = 1.53

Wt. of Sand to Fill Cone:

Total Wt (g) Cone Wt (g) Net Wt (g)

Trial #1 (g) 7046.0 5152.9 1893.1

Trial #2 (g) 7045.3 5152.9 1892.4

Trial #3 (g) 7046.9 5152.9 1894.0

Wt. of Sand in Cone (g): 1893.2

Field Data Date: 11/4/2009

Wt. of Wet Soil + Pan (g) 856.8

Wt. of Dry Soil + Pan (g) 725.3

Wt. of Pan (g) 14.5

Wt. of Wet Soil, W' (g) 842.3

Wt. of Dry Soil (g) 710.8

Wt. of Water (g) 131.5

Water Content, w (%) 0.185

Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand

Unit Wt. of Sand, ɣsand (g/cm3) = 1.53

Wt. of Jug & Cone Before (g) = 7046.08

Wt. of Jug & Cone After (g) = 4450.06

Wt. of Sand Used (g) = 2596.02

Wt. of Sand in Cone (g) = 1893.17

Wt. of Sand in Hole, W (g) = 702.85

Volume of hole, Vh (cm3) = W / ɣsand = 460.17

Wet density, ɣwet = W' / Vh (kN/m3) = 1.83

Wet density, ɣwet = W' / Vh (lb/ft3) = 114.17

Dry density, ɣdry = ɣwet / [1 + w] (kN/m3) = 1.54

Wet density, ɣwet = W' / Vh (lb/ft3) = 96.34

Max Std. Proctor Dry density (kN/m3) = 104.40

Opt. Moisture via Std. Proctor density (%) = 20.10

Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 92.3%

Density Calculation:

Compaction Worksheet

ASTM D 1556

Volume Data:

Soil Data:


May 25, 2012

Appendix

APPENDIX C – RAINFALL DATA

Raindrop Size Distribution

Rainfall Calibration

Date: 5-Aug-11 Start Time: 8:10 AM End Time: 8:25 AM

Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves)

P = 9 psi

x d = 12 mm d = 12 mm

X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr

x d = 14 mm d = 13 mm x

x i = 2.20 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 14 mm d = 14 mm x

X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr D i = 2.20 in/hr x

x d = 14 mm d = 15 mm x

x i = 2.20 in/hr E i = 2.36 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 15 mm d = 14 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 2.36 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr x

x d = 14 mm d = 14 mm x

x i = 2.20 in/hr G i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 13 mm d = 14 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr x

X d = 12 mm d = 13 mm x

x i = 1.89 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 11 mm d = 13 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 1.73 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr x

X d = 11 mm d = 11 mm

x i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr

Bottom Catch: 74 gal

Inlet Pressure: 16 psi

Average Wind: 0 mph

Average Depth: 13.15 mm

Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.07 in/hr

Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 92

11

5 6

4

7 8

9 10

3

12

19 20

13

15 16

17

14

18


TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF

Slope 1 - Target 2 in/hr

x x X x

1 2

A



P = 9 psi

X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm


x d = 25 mm d = 25 mm X


X d = 26 mm d = 24 mm x


x d = 25 mm d = 26 mm X

x i = 3.94 in/hr E i = 4.09 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 27 mm d = 27 mm x

x P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr F i = 4.25 in/hr x

X d = 25 mm d = 28 mm x

X i = 3.94 in/hr G i = 4.41 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 25 mm d = 26 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 3.94 in/hr H i = 4.09 in/hr X

X d = 24 mm d = 27 mm x

X i = 3.78 in/hr I i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 26 mm d = 25 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr J i = 3.94 in/hr X

X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm

X i = 3.78 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr



Average Wind: 0 mph




TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


7 8

9 10

3 4

2

11 12

19 20

13 14


18

5 6

A

15 16

17

x x X X

1

Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 4:10 PM End Time: 4:25 PM


P = 9 psi

X d = 36 mm d = 38 mm


X d = 38 mm d = 37 mm X


X d = 40 mm d = 37 mm X


X d = 43 mm d = 39 mm X

x i = 6.77 in/hr E i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X

X d = 42 mm d = 41 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 6.61 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr x

X d = 41 mm d = 38 mm x

x i = 6.46 in/hr G i = 5.98 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 37 mm d = 40 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr H i = 6.30 in/hr X

X d = 38 mm d = 39 mm X

X i = 5.98 in/hr I i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X

X d = 36 mm d = 38 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 5.67 in/hr J i = 5.98 in/hr X

X d = 34 mm d = 37 mm

X i = 5.35 in/hr i = 5.83 in/hr



Average Wind: 0 mph




11

5 6

4

7 8

9 10

3

12

19 20

13

15 16

17

14

18


TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


x X X X

1 2

A



P = 9 psi

d = 11 mm d = 11 mm x

i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.73 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 11 mm d = 13 mm x

X P = 9 psi i = 1.73 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr x

x d = 13 mm d = 13 mm x

x i = 2.05 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 14 mm d = 14 mm x

X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr E i = 2.20 in/hr x

x d = 15 mm d = 15 mm x

x i = 2.36 in/hr F i = 2.36 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 15 mm d = 15 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 2.36 in/hr G i = 2.36 in/hr x

X d = 15 mm d = 14 mm x

x i = 2.36 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr x

X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm x

X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi x

d = 12 mm d = 11 mm X

i = 1.89 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


7 8

9 10

3 4

2

11 12

19 20

13 14


18

5 6

A

15 16

17

x x X x

1



P = 9 psi

d = 21 mm d = 23 mm X


X d = 24 mm d = 25 mm x


x d = 26 mm d = 27 mm X


X d = 25 mm d = 26 mm x


x d = 27 mm d = 27 mm x


x d = 26 mm d = 28 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr G i = 4.41 in/hr X

X d = 27 mm d = 28 mm x

X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 4.41 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 26 mm d = 27 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr I i = 4.25 in/hr X

X d = 25 mm d = 25 mm x

X i = 3.94 in/hr J i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi X

d = 24 mm d = 24 mm X

i = 3.78 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




11

5 6

4

7 8

9 10

3

12

19 20

13

15 16

17

14

18


TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


x x X X

1 2

A



P = 9 psi

d = 34 mm d = 35 mm X


X d = 34 mm d = 37 mm X


X d = 37 mm d = 40 mm X


X d = 38 mm d = 41 mm X


X d = 38 mm d = 41 mm x

x i = 5.98 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 41 mm d = 40 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 6.46 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X

X d = 41 mm d = 40 mm x

X i = 6.46 in/hr H i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X

X d = 40 mm d = 39 mm X


X d = 38 mm d = 37 mm X


d = 37 mm d = 34 mm X

i = 5.83 in/hr i = 5.35 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


7 8

9 10

3 4

2

11 12

19 20

13 14


18

5 6

A

15 16

17

x X X X

1



P = 9 psi

d = 10 mm d = 11 mm X


x d = 12 mm d = 11 mm x


x d = 13 mm d = 12 mm x


x d = 14 mm d = 12 mm x


x d = 15 mm d = 14 mm x


x d = 16 mm d = 15 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 2.52 in/hr G i = 2.36 in/hr x

X d = 15 mm d = 13 mm x

x i = 2.36 in/hr H i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr x

X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm x

X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi x

d = 11 mm d = 11 mm X

i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




11

5 6

4

7 8

9 10

3

12

19 20

13

15 16

17

14

18


TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


x x X X

1 2

A



P = 9 psi

d = 23 mm d = 24 mm X


X d = 22 mm d = 26 mm x


x d = 24 mm d = 27 mm X


X d = 28 mm d = 26 mm x


x d = 28 mm d = 28 mm x


x d = 27 mm d = 27 mm X

x P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr G i = 4.25 in/hr X

X d = 27 mm d = 25 mm x

X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi x

x d = 26 mm d = 25 mm X


X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm x


d = 23 mm d = 24 mm X

i = 3.62 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


7 8

9 10

3 4

2

11 12

19 20

13 14


18

5 6

A

15 16

17

x x X X

1


Test Time: 15.00 min. (circle "x" for open valves)

P = 9 psi

d = 33 mm d = 36 mm X


X d = 37 mm d = 38 mm X


X d = 37 mm d = 40 mm X


X d = 39 mm d = 39 mm X


X d = 41 mm d = 40 mm x

x i = 6.46 in/hr F i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X

x d = 40 mm d = 40 mm X

X P = 9 psi i = 6.30 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X

X d = 40 mm d = 41 mm x

X i = 6.30 in/hr H i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X

X d = 41 mm d = 38 mm X


X d = 38 mm d = 36 mm X


d = 37 mm d = 35 mm X

i = 5.83 in/hr i = 5.51 in/hr X



Average Wind: 0 mph




11

5 6

4

7 8

9 10

3

12

19 20

13

15 16

17

14

18


TOP OF SLOPE

DDRF


x X X X

1 2

A

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

2 4 6

% o

f R

ain

dro

ps

by

Mas

s

Rainfall Intensity, in/hr

Raindrop Size Distribution August 2011

0.21 - 0.425 mm 0.425 - 1.0 mm 1.0 - 2.0 mm 2.0 - 4.75 mm 4.75 - 6 mm

Target raindrop size and distribution (no more than 10 % greater than 6 mm (0.24 in.) and no more than 10 % smaller than 1 mm (0.04 in.)).

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