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Searching for a “New Normal”:US & OK Economies in Recovery
Larry D. Sanders Dave Shideler
Fall 2014
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2014 snapshot & 2015 forecast
• US economy is expanding, proving resilience.
• Ag sector slows but trend at/near record levels
• Global economy in transition
• U down but wages slow to recover
• Federal spending continues down
• Fed moderates, then ends, quantitative easing, but interest rates & inflation remain low; may hold in place if economy stalls
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The world as we know it in 2014…1. Markets are resilient, both domestic and global.
2. Weather is cyclical, both short and long term.
3. The social contract between the public and agriculture continues to support farmers, if in a different form.
4. Consumers continue to prefer a mixed diet that includes meat and sugar and carbs.
5. For agriculture, natural resource constraints are manageable.
How likely is it that this world will notchange?
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AgriculturalIndustry,
Agribusiness, Rural America
Global Markets
Jobs & Economy
Energy
Federal Budget
Capital
Macroeconomy & agriculture--linkages
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5
How the economy works…
Out of work 27 wks +
Longer than 27 wks
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Q1‐14:0.1%
Recession & Recovery: Job Losses & Gains, 2008‐2012; Real Median Household Income, US & OK, 1985‐2013
Wage levels Recession Job losses (%) Recovery Job gains (%)
Higher‐range ($21.14‐54.55) ‐19 +20
Mid‐range ($13.84‐ 21.13) ‐60 +22
Low‐range ($7.59‐13.83) ‐21 +58
National Employment Law Project, 2013
OK in 2012: $44, 312
US in 2013:$51, 939
US in 2013:$51,939 OK in 2013:
$43,777
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$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
'93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 '11 13 15(f)
Bil
lion
$
27.5
Exports
ImportsTrade Surplus
Records
141152.5
109.5
103.8
37.1
43
Lower Bulk Export Prices and Greater Export Competition
144.5
117
Net Farm Income & Direct Government Payments (1991‐2014F)
0
50
100
150
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
net farm income
govt payments
NFI-G
10
$ Billion
$113.2 b.
$9.3 b.
$103.9 b.
Note: OK producers received $151.4 mil. in net govt. payments in 2013 ($341.7 mil. all payments) & $1.6 bil. in NFI; G/NFI = 10‐21%.
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Farm Household Income, Farm and Nonfarm Portions (1991‐2012)
020000400006000080000
100000120000
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Farm HH income
Farm income
Nonfarm income
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$ thousands
Most US farms get most of their household income from non‐farm market sources
1991: Total farm household income 81% of US household income
2012: Total farm household income 134% of US household income
Oil/Gas improving competitivenessacross sectors w/significant energyinputs
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http://money.cnn.com/2014/03/07/news/economy/gas‐exports/
US Natural Gas: imports down exports up domestic consumption up US competitiveness up
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Global economic outlook for growth of GDP, 2014 & beyond
Note: projections are based on trend growth estimates, which – for the period 2014‐2019 – are adjusted for adjustments from remaining output gaps *Europe includes 27 members of the European Union (excluding Croatia) as well as Switzerland and Norway. **Other advanced economies are Australia, Canada, Iceland, Israel, Hong Kong, South Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China. ***Southeast Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Turkey. Source: The Conference Board Global Economic Outlook 2014, May 2014 update. https://www.conference‐board.org/data/globaloutlook.cfm
Distribution of World GDP in 2000, 2012, 2025
Note: GDP shares are converted to U.S. dollars using purchasing power parities.Source: The Conference Board Global Economic Outlook 2014, May 2014 update
US US US
China
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OK Economy in Recovery: Where do we go from here?
In a nut shell• OK entered the recession later than the US, and employment recovered more quickly
• In addition to a diversified economy, Ag and Mining were particularly beneficial in the recession mitigation/recovery
• Ongoing drought and related water issues pose challenges to both Ag and Mining industries
• Earnings are rising for most sectors• Despite low unemployment rates, majority of counties are losing employment; higher wage jobs in particular are declining
• Concern over civic economy’s ability to support continued growth/diversity
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Source: BEA, Wage and Salary Employment; http://www.bea.gov, accessed on accessed October 21, 2014 @ 4:05 pm
1300.0
1350.0
1400.0
1450.0
1500.0
1550.0
1600.0
1650.0
1700.0
Jan2004
Nov2004
Sep2005
Jul2006
May2007
Mar2008
Jan2009
Nov2009
Sep2010
Jul2011
May2012
Mar2013
Jan2014
Total Nonfarm Employment, 2004‐2014
In Thousands
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Oklahoma’s Gross State Product, 2004‐2013
Source: BLS, State and Metro Area Employment, Hours & Earnings; http://www.bls.gov/sae, accessed on accessed October 22, 2014 @ 10:00 am
$0.00
$200.00
$400.00
$600.00
$800.00
$1,000.00
$1,200.00
$1,400.00
Jan2007
Oct2007
Jul2008
Apr2009
Jan2010
Oct2010
Jul2011
Apr2012
Jan2013
Oct2013
Jul2014
Average Weekly Earning by Industry, 2007‐2014
Construction
Financial Activities
Professional andBusiness Services
Education andHealth Services
Leisure andHospitality
Manufacturing
Mining and Logging
Wholesale Trade
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Oklahoma Economy by Industry, 2013
Source: BEA, Gross Domestic Product by State, Real GDP; http://www.bea.gov, accessed on accessed October 3, 2014 @ 2:35 pm
Agriculture2%
Mining15% Utilities
3%
Construction4%
Manufacturing10%
Wholesale trade5% Retail trade
6%Transp. & warehousing
4%Information
3%
FIRE13%
Prof. and bus. services8%
Educ. Serv.0%
Health care7%
AER1%
Accomm. & food2%
Other serv.2% Government
15%
Location Quotients, 2013, and Real G
DP Growth Rates, U
nited
States and Oklahoma, 2004‐2013 and 2012‐13
Source: BEA
, http://w
ww.bea.gov/; accessed October 3, 2014 @
3:05 pm
Industry LQ % Total Emp, 2013
% Chg Emp, ‘04‐’13
Agriculture 1.40 1.1% 12.1%
Mining 5.54 3.5% 83.8%
Utilities 1.52 0.7% 23.5%
Construction 1.08 4.6% 18.5%
Manufacturing 0.81 8.2% -3.0%
Wholesale trade 0.86 3.7% 13.4%
Retail trade 1.06 10.5% 4.5%
Transp. & warehousing 1.22 2.8% 6.6%
Information 0.62 1.3% -26.9%
FIRE 0.66 4.8% 0.8%
Prof. & bus. serv 0.67 10.8% 7.2%
Educ. & health care 0.84 12.4% 15.9%
AER & accom. serv. 0.79 9.1% 17.1%
Other serv. 0.95 4.6% -3.1%
Government 1.22 21.9% 8.3%
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Unemployment Rates, Aug 2014
Source: Compiled from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
Employment Gains and Losses (Sept. ‘13‐Sept. ’14)
Job Gaining Industries (Top 5 in descending order of jobs
gained)
Job Losing Industries(Top 5 in ascending order of jobs lost)
Accommodations (7,800; 5.7%) Professional & Technical Services (‐3,800; ‐5.6%)
Health Services (7,300; 3.5%) Transportation, Warehousing & Utilities(‐800;‐1.4%)
Durable Manufacturing (5,600; 5.9%) Information (‐700, ‐3.2%)
Admin & Waste Mgt (3,900; 4.1%) State Government (‐500; ‐0.6%)
Retail Trade (3,500; 2.0%) Educational Services (‐300; ‐1.6%)
Source: Compiled from OESC Economic Research and Analysis, “Oklahoma Employment Report,” Sept 2013-2014
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Employment Growth, Aug 2013‐14
Source: Bishop, Bill. “Rural Job‐Growth Rate Half That of Metro.” The Daily Yonder, October 6, 2014. http://www.dailyyonder.com/rural‐job‐growth‐rate‐half‐metro/2014/10/03/7561; using BLS LAUS data
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$0.000
$1.000
$2.000
$3.000
$4.000
$5.000
$6.000
$7.000
$8.000
FY '06 FY '07 FY '08 FY '09 FY '10 FY '11 FY '12 FY '13 FY '14 FY '15
In Billions
Appropriated State Budget Amounts
Sources: http://okpolicy.org/budget‐trends‐outlooks‐february‐2014 and http://www.ok.gov/governor/documents/FY%202015%20budget%20deal%20fact%20sheet.pdf
http://www.ok.gov/treasurer/documents/GRT‐September‐2014‐Charts.pdfhttp://www.tax.ok.gov/rpt1.html
Change in RevenuesFY ‘07 – FY ‘14: $1,396,457,252 (‐$‐117,497,145 in 2014 dollars)
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Path Forward• Build upon our
comparative advantages• Reduce employment
losses→Focus economic
development efforts on wealth creation and high(er) paying jobs– Business retention– Entrepreneurship/Economi
c gardening
• Have a strategy for the energy “bust”
• Invest in infrastructure
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Contact info for assistance…
• 405‐744‐9834
• 405‐744‐6170
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