LIGHT AMPLIFICATIONBY STIMULATED

EMMISON OF RADITION

LASER AS BRAND

HIGH POWERED

LASER

MEETS DRILLING

INTRODUCTIONMajor Challenges to Oil industry is1)Maximise the up stream potential.2) Reduce risk and cost in exploration and exploitation activities3)Minimizing environmental impact

CREATING MORE PRESSURE ON THE DRILLING BUSINESS TO DEVELOP

DRILLING METHODS AND WELL CONSTRUCTION

At present rotary Drilling is dominant techinique for well production in oil and gas industry.

This is very complex and costly and time taking operation

Thus further development of drilling techinique is to be approached .

Convectional Method

1)Plasma –arc torch ,laser thermal, electron beam Melters do not rotate, coiled tubing unit and conventional rigs are not required.Do not need mud cleaning equipment.As the don’t have liquid drilling fluid which destabilises the drilled hole.

2)Spark drilling Has high rate of penetration , operates with adequuate instrumentation, improve direction control.Energy transmission require electrical cable at downhole, high current cause insulation breakdown, reduced cutting ability at depth.

Unconventional Methods

Unconventional Methods3)Pulsed laser water jetThe combination of tensile rock falure and resonant vibration means efficient energy transfer Limitations are multi channel network,requires stand off control ,gauge maintanence,requires laminar flow of clear water downhole.

LASER Research History• Since 1997 great research has been conducted in the field of

laser drilling• MIRACL(Mid infrared Advanced chemical laser).This test was

performed by US army in 1998 .They used continuous wave of wavelength 3.8µm and about 6-12KW power for 4.5 sec on sandstone and reported 2.5 inch hole.This showed up rate of drilling can be increased upto 10-100 times according to laser

• Another project name COIL was tested in 1999• Subsequent many experiment were done to develop laser

drilling and is still going.

LASER TYPES

1)Hydrogen Fluoride And Deuterium fluoride laser2)Chemical Oxygen iodine laser3)Carbon dioxide laser4)Carbon monoxide laser5)Free electron laser6)Neodymium yttrium aluminum Garnet laser7)Krypton fluoride laser

Skin Factor:-Defined as zone of reduced formation permeability near wellbore

It is used as relative index .factor is positive for damaged well negative for stimulated well,and zero for unchanged well.

SPECIFIC ENERGY:-This is the energy parameter which is the measure of the effeciency of the rock destruction technique .it is defined as amount of energy required to remove the unit volume of rock .

SE=Energy input /volume removed =P/(dv/dt)

IMPORTANT TERMS

Rate of penetration:- ROP=SP/SE

SP is power delivered by laser

SP=Pavg/Ar

SE(specific energy) is amount of energy consumed for destruction of given rock

IMPORTANT TERMS

3 reaction showed by laser upon contact with rock

1)reflection 2)dispersion3)Absorption. Effective reaction is Absorption phenomena Fracture development, mineral dehydration

and vaporization results in increase in void space, which decreases overall modulus of the rock and weakens it thus phenomena is proceeded

Concept of laser drilling

EXPERIMENT

Experiment contain 3 types of stones SANDSTONE LIMESTONE AND SHALE

There are 3sample each among which one is saturated sample.

First CT scan of the rock is done before the laser is used.

Stones under go laser drilling powered 700W for 66 second.

Again the CT scan of the stones is done.

Different observation is noted and different terms such as Specific energy ,ROP, is compared between different stones and between saturated and unsaturated sample.

Lime stone Shale SandStone

RESULTS

COMPARISION OF SPECIFIC ENERGY:-OBSERVATION:-According to the above table specific energy of sand stone is less in comparison to others .SE of sandstone -32j/cm³ to 36 j/cm³.Lime stone 39j/cm³ to 42 j/cm³Shale-42j/cm³ to 45 j/cm³Conclusion:-AS SE depends on absorbed rays that infers that level of absorbed rays is lower in sand stone compared to others.(SAMPLES WERE UNSATURATED) COMPARISION OR RATE OF

PENERATION:-OBSERVATION:- table indicates that highest rate of penetration is of sandstone.Conclusion.:-upon increasing the heat transfer coefficient the micro facture of stone that are crated due to laser also increased. Upon increasing of micro facture ROP is increased and Drilling time is decreased.

RESULTS

RESULTS

RESULTS COMPARISION OF SPECIFIC ENERGY AND

ROP BETWEEN SATURATED AND UNSATURATED SAMPLES:-

OBSERVATION:-Table shows that the value of ROP and SE is different for saturated samples and is completely opposite from unsaturated samples.Conclusion:-Reason to this is due to the saturation level of stone. Saturation of sandstone is higher than shale. Thus energy of the laser is spend in evaporating water and the energy and available for stone cutting is less, which result in decreasing ROP in saturated samples

RESULTS

Environmental ImpactWhile drilling one well,many of the wastewater are incorrectly Entered into the nature cycle.Mud used for shally formation Is the dangerous chemical material for environment. Upon entering to laser system much of these pollution are desecresed .replacement of mechnical to electronicSystem is also much helpful.

ADVANTAGE OF LASER DRILLINGAdvantage of laser drilling are:-1)Increasing Rate of Penetration

2)Reduction of trip time

3)Increase bit life

4)Lesser dependence on bit ,mud circulation, rotary speed,and bit design

5)Single dia bore hole

6)Enhamce well control,perforating and side tracking capabilities

7)Environmentally attractive ,safe and cost effective.

LIMITATION OF LASER DRILLINGLimtation are :-1)Industrial laser effecienty range from 5%-15%

2)Laser holes are tapered to some extend

2)Cannot drill a blind hole to precise depth

3)Melted metal have to be removed

4)Hole of varying diameter can not be made.

COCLUSIONComplete entrance of the new technology into each industry ,requires time and several test .First entrance of any new technology is faced with some problems ,however passing of time and developing research would stabilize the new technology and will be set up as the rising sun for the industry.

THANK

YOUPRESENTED BY:-1)RAJAN VARSADA(15BPE123)2)UTTAM SAVALIYA(15BPE104)3)CHINTAM PATEL(15BPE74)