Simulation of RFID System using OMNeT++

Presented by: Paula HannaID#: 25-2029

Supervised by: Dr. Mohamed Ashour

Too much time wasted in queues

Scanning time is too slow

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Wasted Time

Effort and time wasted in inventories

Wasted Effort

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Outline1. Introduction to RFID2. System Components3. Mechanism of the System 4. Aim of the Project5. Project Tools6. Implementation Steps7. Demo Simulation8. Conclusion & Future Work

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Introduction to RFID• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification

technology.

• Advantages: identification of several objects at same time, non line of sight, long distances, tags carrying more data.

• More practical than traditional bar-codes.

• Frequency range is from 860 to 960 MHz .5

System Components1. Tag (microchip and antenna) 2. Reader (antenna)

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Mechanism of the System • Reader is the main source of power.

• Reader emits a field of EMW.

• EMW power the chip of Tag.

• Tag replies with its identification number.

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag7

Managing Tag PopulationReader manages Tag population through:

Choosing one or more Tags.

Identifying individual Tags. Communication with an identified Tag.

Select

Inventory

Access

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Aim of the Project

• Enhance an existing RFID model. -Network of Reader and Tags -Reader and Tag as one entity -No layering • Cross-layer RFID model.

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Project Tools1. OMNeT++

• Component based C++ simulation library

• Eclipse-based IDE

• GUI support

2. MiXiM

• OMNeT++ modeling framework

• Having ready models

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Implementation Steps

RFID model topology

RFID Network

Reader TagsConnection Manager

App NICNetworkNIC AppNetwork

MAC PHY PHY MACAnalogue Model

Decider

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NED Files• Network Description• Code converted to GUI • Network Module Simple • Parameters • Gates• Connections

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RFID Network• One Reader Node

• Number of Tag Nodes

• Connection Manager: Managing connection between nodes of same channel.

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Reader and Tag Nodes• Application Layer Module• Network Layer Module• NIC Module

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NIC ModuleNIC Module

MAC• RFReaderMac: Sending logical commands by reader.

• RFTagMac: Receiving logical commands by tags and sending replies.

PHY• Analogue Model: simulates

effects affecting the signal

• Decider: evaluates received signals

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Packets Flow• handleLowerControl: decides which

type of packet to be sent down to PHY.

• handleUpperMsg: deals with packets coming from MAC to PHY

• handleAirFrame: deals with packets coming from the channel to the PHY

• handleLowerMSG: deals with messages coming from PHY to MAC

Sender Receiver

MAChandleLowerControl

PHYhandleUpperMsg

Channel

PHYhandleAirFrame

MAChandleLowerMSG

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Select • Reader Sends Select packet having all its

parameters.

• Tag state Ready

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

Select

Select

Select

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QueryReader Sends Query packet• Tags set slot counter Reply• Tag state or Arbitrate

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

Query

Query

Query

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RN16• Tag with slot counter 0 replies with

RN16 packet• Tag state Reply• Other Tags state Arbitrate

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

RN16

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ACK• Reader sends ACK packet to that

Tag.• Only tag with slot counter = 0

receives the packet

Acknowledged• Tag state or Arbitrate

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

ACK

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EPCTag checks its RN16 with that coming in the ACK packet, and if same the tag replies with its EPC in the EPC packet Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

EPC

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QueryRep• Reader sends QueryRep packet specifying the

session. • Tags compares their current session with the

session of the coming packet, if equal tags decrement slot counter by 1.

Ready; chosen before• Tag state Arbitrate; slot ≠ 0 Reply; slot = 0

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

QueryRep

QueryRep

QueryRep

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Collision• Two or more Tag with same

slot counter

• Discard

• Tags wait for Query packets

RN16

RN16

Reader

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag

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Demo Simulation for RFID System

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Conclusion & Future Work

• RFID Cross-layer Model• Successful communication

between Reader and Tag• All Select and Inventory

Commands • Improve handling collisions• Access commands

Conclusion

Future Work

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Thank You

Questions are Welcomed

References[1] R. Want, “An Introduction to RFID Technology,” IEEE CS and IEEE ComSoc, vol. 5, no. 1, Santa Clara, 2006, pp. 25-33. [2] EPC global Gen 2 Specification, 2015 [Online]. Available: http://www.gs1.org/sites/default/files/docs/epc/Gen2_Protocol_Standard.pdf[3] CSols.com (Laboratory Systems Integration). [Online]. Available: http://www.csols.com/wordpress/tag/rfid /[4] MiXiM simulator for wireless and mobile networks using OMNeT++. [Online]. Available: http://mixim.sourceforge.net[5] Brooks.com (RFID Reader). [Online]. Available: http://www.brooks.com/applications-by-industry/rfid/rfid-basics/rfid-components/rfid-reader[6] K. Wessel, et al., "MiXiM: the physical layer an architecture overview," 2nd International Workshop on OMNeT++, Rome, Italy, 2009. 28