Maternal Nipple Deprivation and cross species sucking

• Kittens suck on dogs• Puppies suck on cats• Lamb sucks on woman (Dr P McVeagh’s pic)• Lamb sucks on dog• Monkey sucks on woman• Piglet sucks on dog• Puppies feed on tigress• Tigress feeds puppies• Dog feeds panda bear• Cat feeds rabbit• etc (see videos on Youtube)

Smell does not seem to be a necessary sensory component of oral tactile fixation.

Maternal Nipple Deprivation:

ASK

What is the displacement object when the maternal nipple to

pacify the infant is unavailable to the infant?

Maternal Nipple Deprivation:

What is the displacement object when the maternal nipple (to pacify the infant) is unavailable to the infant?

• The emotionally fixated sucked object calms the infant and reduces infant cortisol levels:

• Although cortisol is reduced and that reduction by dummy sucking is favourable to the baby –

• The effect on the emotional relationship development with the mother is damaged.

• A baby who loses its fixated dummy sucking object cannot be comforted by the mother.

Although cortisol is reduced and that reduction by dummy sucking is favourable to the baby –The effect on the emotional relationship development with the mother is damaged.A baby who loses its fixated dummy sucking object cannot be comforted by the mother.

Solution - let baby suck on the mother’s nipple for cortisol reduction!

TYPES OF PACIFIERS

1. Thumb or other fixated body part

2. Inanimate object, the dummy

3. Mother’s nipple

• The emotionally fixated sucked object calms the infant and reduces infant cortisol levels:

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

There is no secondary reinforcement (milk) needed to

encourage baby to suck

A take home message

Oral Tactile Imprinting is a

genetically determined by evolution survival strategy to form an emotional relationship through

sucking on the maternal nipple

A take home message

Swamp wallaby

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

Maternal nipple deprivation – is the effect just lack of comfort from a familiar object?

• There are a couple of million internet references to the physical and emotional problems that surround thumb and dummy sucking.

• Descriptions of the emotional state of the infant when the fixated object is not available are given by parents and caregivers.

Maternal nipple deprivation – is the displacement just lack of comfort from a familiar object? How do mothers describe the

sucking on a pacifier other than the mothers nipples?

• “as if he can’t live without it” • “as if his life depended upon it”• “screamed and screamed”• “addiction”• “sobbed himself to sleep for nights”• “freaked out”

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

• The object fixated by oral tactile imprinting is the first emotional relationship.

The first emotional relationship may be • On the self• On an inanimate object

• On the mother

Feedback inhibition of lactationOne-teat preference

ONE TEAT PREFERENCE BEHAVIOUR HAS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATE

OF FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF LACTATION (FIL)

BirthVolume 4 Issue 4, Pages 165 - 173 Published Online: 31 Mar 2007© 2010 Wiley Periodicals,

Feeding the Adopted Baby

Elizabeth Hermann, Ed. M. 11 Elizabeth Hors - been a La Leche League leader since 1967 and worked with relactating mothers since 1968. Hations include a handbook for parents titled: a Guide to Breastfeeding the Adopted A Study of Induced lactation.

The physiology of this lactation is discussed, along with the factors leading to production of enough breast milk under these circumstances to sustain an infant.

ABSTRACT:

Sixty-five women breastfed adopted babies. Eighteen of the women had never been

pregnant, seven had been pregnant but had not breastf

ed, and forty had been pregnant and breastfed befor

e..

Cross sucking

• Maternal Nipple Deprivation and displacement of the emotional oral tactile fixation onto an adjacent animal body part.

• Copyright © 1994-1998 by Pamela Greene <pamg@rice.edu>.Last modified: 02 Mar 1998.

• http://www.ferretcentral.org/faq/wholefaq.html accessed 16/6/1010

“Suckling: Often ferrets will suck on each others' ears,

and sometimes even cats' or dogs' ears, especially when they're sleeping.

It's probably a lot like thumb-sucking in humans, And nothing to worry about as long as the one doing the sucking is eating well and the other one's ears aren't getting sore.”

But still she looked forlorn lying in the corner of the pen and I decided to spend the night with her. I wasn't to know that this would be just the first of many anxious, sleepless nights we would spend cuddled up together.Against All Odds Mary's Story • The

Elephant we'll never forget By Iris Hunt

http://www.animalorphanagekenya.org/members/el

ephant_orphan_mary.php

accessed 5/7/2010

Sleeping with baby

Effect of accommodating sucking and nosing on the behaviour of artificially reared pigletsT M Widowski, Y Yuan and J M GardnerDepartment of Animal and

Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 accessed 5/7/2010 http://la.rsmjournals.com/cgi/reprint/39/2/240.pdf

Although the period of nutritive sucking lasts only 10–15 s per nursing, young piglets engage in long periods of non- nutritive sucking (Rushen & Fraser 1989), and nose and massage the sow’s teats before and after milk let-down, often falling asleep with their snouts in contact with the udder (Fraser 1980).

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

In the absence of the sow, newborn piglets redirect nosing and sucking at other objects (Noyes 1976). When young piglets are housed in groups, these motor patterns are often directed at the soft tissue body parts of other piglets, which leads to belly nosing, navel sucking and sucking or chewing on the ears or tails of pen-mates (Fraser et al. 1998) (Naval sucking results in evisceration of the abdomen of the sucked litter mate)

Trough no-nipple fedHard glass-wall with-nipple fed

Soft-bag water-filled with-nipple fed

Maternal Nipple Deprivation.

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Days post weaningReconstructed from Widowski et al

We have seen a red-necked wallaby that sucked his scrotum so much that his testes ascended back into his body. (See photograph) An example given by Dr Rick Speare in his work Clinical Assessment, Diseases and Management of the Orphaned Macropod Joey talks of an eastern grey joey that sucked his scrotum so much that it became ulcerated and the testis were fibrosed….Empty sacs on this red-neck. As at 3.5kg the testes had not redescended.© Cheryl Dooley 2004 Page: 87

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

Body Sucking This isn’t something to take lightly. Jaws have been misaligned and significant injuries to testicles have taken place.

Stress Specific areas of the body may be reddened or, in the case of the testes, swollen or sucked flat.Genitalia area may be swollen and even bleeding …Cover the area until sucking stops. Though be careful that covering the area does not cause even more stress …

Maternal Nipple Deprivation

Maternal Nipple Deprivation: Mammalian body part sucking only takes place in the circumstance of maternal nipple

deprivation. In mammals this is called stereotypical behaviour or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

Maternal nipple deprivationand relationship to child abuse

• When investigating a case of young infant child abuse, damage to the surrounding area of the mouth and the oral cavity is made to inspect for tissue damage from a forced feeding-bottle or forced dummy .

• This type of aggression towards the young infant cannot happen with breastfeeding.