Laterality Test1. Dominant Hand – Which hand do you prefer to use for writing, cutting, and waving?
2. Which hand has the largest circumference? Measure by knuckles and make a fist.
3. Draw the head of a dog. Which direction does it point to?
4. Dominant Foot – Which shoe has the greatest amount of wear?
5. Humans express emotion more intensely on one side of the face than the other.
Can you raise one eyebrow? Which side do you smirk to? Which eye do you
wink?
6. Dominant Eye – Keep both eyes open. Use your thumb to point to a distant object
(i.e. clock). Then alternately close each eye. Which lines up best with your thump?
7. Interlock your fingers. Which thumb is on top?[1]
8. Cross your arms. Which arm is on the outside?[2]
9. Look directly behind you. Which side do you turn toward?[3]
10. Which ear do you prefer listening with? Which side is your phone on?
11. Brain Hemisphere Dominance – Draw a circle with your right hand and mark the
direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise). Repeat with your left hand. Which
diagram matches your circles?
[1] Right thumb on top is a lefty trait.[2] Right arm out is a lefty trait.[3] Turning over your right shoulder is a lefty trait.
Mitosis and Meiosis
Vocabulary of Mitosis Cell Cycle – Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Mitosis (asexual) – Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the nucleus
divides
Meiosis (sexual) – Process where the number of chromosomes in a cell is cut in
half
Meiosis MitosisNumber of Divisions:
2 nuclear and 2 cytoplasmic divisions1 division of the nucleus and 1 Cytokinesis
Steps:Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
Occurs in: Eukaryotes all organisms
Produces: four haploid daughter cells two diploid daughter cells
Genetically: different identical
Definition:
Cellular reproduction where the number of chromosomes is reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Asexual reproduction where cell divides in two producing a replica with an equal number of chromosomes
Chromosome Number:
Reduced by half Remains the same
Function: sexual reproductionCellular (asexual) Reproduction; general growth and repair of the body
Type of Reproduction:
Sexual Asexual
Creates: Sex cells -Female egg cells Male sperm cellsMakes everything other than sex cells (Somatic Cells)
Number of Cells produced:
4 2
Vocabulary of Mitosis Cell Cycle – Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Mitosis (asexual) – Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the nucleus
divides
Meiosis (sexual) – Process where the number of chromosomes in a cell is cut in
half
Interphase – Period of growth and cell operations
Prophase – Genetic material unravels
Metaphase – Genetic material lines up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase – Genetic material moves to either side of the cell
Telophase – Genetic material forms new nucleii
Cytokinesis – Cells separate
Place the phases in order from Longest to Shortest
Which of the five phases takes the longest period of time?
What do you think the cell does during that phase?
Cancer – Mitosis Gone Wrong Study Sheet
Read the Cancer- Mitosis Gone Wrong reading. Then answer these questions to keep
as a study guide for yourself.
1. Cancer is when what cell process is uncontrolled?
2. Normal cells of the body spend most of their time in which phase of mitosis?
3. List the 5 ways that cancer cells are different than normal cells of the body.
4. How do you end up dying from cancer? Explain how the body loses energy due to
cancer in the space below.
5. List the different possible causes of cancer given in the reading.
6. All of these causes increase the likelihood of cells becoming ________________,
which means that cells may not repair and follow a proper cell division cycle.
7. A tumor is defined as
8. Compare the two types of tumors
9. How is cancer treated?
10. In order to determine if a tumor is cancerous, a doctor will take a
______________________ of it. Describe in the space below what is done
during this procedure and why.
11. If a tumor is deemed cancerous, then one could do a variety of treatments.
For each treatment, state what is done to treat the tumor:
Surgery –
Chemotherapy –
Radiation Treatment –
Analysis
1. Anything that the cell takes in (oxygen, water, food) or lets out (carbon dioxide, waste)
passes through the cell membrane. Which measurement of your model be represents the
surface area of the cell membrane?
2. Everything inside of the cell, including organelles and cytoplasm, uses food and oxygen
and produces waste. Which measurement of your model best represents the total contents
of the cell?
3. As the cell grows larger and accumulates more contents, will it need more or less cell
membrane to survive? Explain your answer.
4. As a cell grows larger, what happens to its surface area to volume ratio?
Analysis
5. As a cell grows larger, what happens to its surface area to mass ratio?
6. Which cell model has the greatest surface area to volume and surface area to mass ratios?
7. Why do cells not survive when the surface area to volume and surface area to mass ratios
become too small?
8. Which cell model has the best chance of surviving?
9. How could the surface area to volume ratio be increased for a large cell?
Patterns of
Inheritance
Trait –
Heredity –
Allele –
Phenotype -
Genotype –
Dominant –
Recessive –
Homozygous –
Heterozygous –
Patterns of Inheritance
Vocabulary
Trait – Variation of a characteristic found in a group of organisms
Heredity – Passing traits from one generation to the next
Allele – Alternative versions of a gene
Phenotype - Expressed trait of an organism
Genotype – Genetic make-up of an organism
Dominant – Allele that determine the phenotype
Recessive – Allele that has no noticeable affect on the phenotype
Homozygous – Two identical alleles for a gene
Heterozygous – Two different alleles for a gene
Patterns of Inheritance
Vocabulary
Dimples is dominant to no dimples. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for
a heterozygous female and a homozygous dominant male.
Short hair is dominant to long hair in mice. Determine the genotype and phenotype
ratios for a homozygous recessive female and a heterozygous male.
Cleft chin is dominant to no cleft chin. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios
for a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios
for a homozygous dominant female and a homozygous dominant male.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. Determine the genotype
and phenotype ratios for a homozygous dominant female and a heterozygous male.
Brown hair is dominant to gray hair in mice. Determine the genotype and phenotype
ratios for a homozygous recessive female and a homozygous recessive male.
Free ear lobes are dominant to attached ear lobes. Determine the genotype and
phenotype ratios for a heterozygous female and a homozygous recessive male.
Green peas are dominant to yellow peas. Determine the genotype and phenotype
ratios for a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male.
Tall plants are dominant to short plants. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios
for a homozygous recessive female and a homozygous dominant male.
A homozygous dominant brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse
(tan is the recessive color).
Two heterozygous white (brown fur is recessive) rabbits are crossed.
A heterozygous white rabbit is crossed with a homozygous black rabbit
Describe the contribution of
each of the following scientists
to the discovery of DNA
• Mendel
• Avery and Others
• Chargoff
• Rosalind Franklin
• Watson and Crick
Why did Rosalind Franklin
NOT receive the Nobel Prize
alongside Watson and Crick
What does the future hold for
DNA research
The sides of the ladder are made of
alternating sugar and phosphate
molecules.
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
The sugar in RNA is ribose.
The two sides are held together by
hydrogen bonds
The rungs of the ladder are nitrogen
bases
Color all the phosphates pink
Color all the deoxyriboses blue
Color all the ribose a darker blue
Color the hydrogen bonds grey
1.DNA can be found in what organelles?
Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast
2.What scientists are credited with establishing the structure of
DNA?
Watson and Crick
3.What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix (Ladder twisted)
4.What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar (deoxyribose)
Structure of DNA
5. What three parts make up a single nucleotide:
Nitrogenous Base
Pentose Sugar
Phosphate Group
6. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA
ladder?
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
7. What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
8. How do the bases bond together?
Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine
Worksheet: Structure of DNA