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The origin of turning dates to around 1300BC
when the Egyptians first developed a two-
person lathe.
The Romans improved the Egyptian design
with the addition of a turning bow
The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to
the Egyptians and known and used in Assyria,Greece, the Roman and Byzantine Empires
The system today is called the "spring pole"
lathe
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Lathe is a machine in which work piece is
held and rotated on its axis while cutting
tool is advanced along the line of desired
cut.
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Center lathe / engine lathe / bench lathe
Tool room lathe
Turret lathe and capstan lathe
Gang-tool lathe Multispindle lathe
CNC lathe / CNC turning center
Swiss-style lathe / Swiss turning center
Combination lathe / 3-in-1 machine
Mini-lathe and micro-lathe Wheel lathe
Brake lathe
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Headstock
Bed
Feed and lead screws
Carriage
Tailstock
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Cross-slide
Compound rest
Toolpost
Saddle
Apron
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Turning: That is, the part is rotated while a single point
cutting tool is moved parallel to the axis of rotation.
Facing: It is part of the turning process It involves moving the cutting tool at right
angles to the axis of rotation of the rotatingwork piece.
Parting: It is used to create deep grooves which will
remove a completed or part-completecomponent from its parent stock.
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Grooving:
It is like parting, except that grooves are cut to
a specific depth by a form tool instead of
severing a completed/part-completecomponent from the stock
Grooving can be performed on internal and
external surfaces
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Drilling:
It is used to remove material from the inside of a
work piece.
Screw cutting : Both standard and non-standard screw threads
can be turned on a lathe using an appropriate
cutting tool. (Usually having a 60, or 55 nose
angle
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The relative forces in a turning operation are
important in the design of machine tools.
Cutting force :
It acts downward on the tool tip allowingdeflection of the workpiece upward. It supplies
the energy required for the cutting operation.
Thrust force:
It acts in the longitudinal direction. It is alsocalled the feed force because it is in the feed
direction of the tool.
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Radial force:
It acts in the radial direction and tends to push
the tool away from the workpiece.
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Used with a variety of diameters of round
stock. It is a self centering chuck. it is used to
hold only round jobs.Four-jaw chuck:
Used mainly for holding irregular shapes.
Collet chuck:
Primarily used for small round work pieces
Faceplate:
A faceplate, drive dog, and mandrel may be
used to turn workpieces such as gearblanks.
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Drive center:
Use hydraulic or spring-loaded teeth that "bite"
into the end of workpieces and can be used
when the entire length of the workpiece mustbe machined.
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