Latin American RevolutionsReview Questions

What is Latin America?

Latin America is a geographic and cultural region located in parts of North and South America where the Romance languages are spoken. (Those derived from Latin – primarily Spanish, Portuguese, and French.)

Which two countries colonized the majority of Latin America?

Spain and Portugal colonized the majority of Latin America.

Describe the social structure of the Latin American colonies.

Society in Latin America

Peninsulares =Spanish born in Spain

Creoles= Spanish born in Latin America

Mestizos=European/IndianMulattos=European/African

Africans=Most were enslaved

Indians=Free

What were the causes of Latin American Revolutions?

Causes of Latin American Revolutions…

The influence of the American and French Revolutions

Inequality in Latin America Enlightenment Ideas (Freedom and

Equality) Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and

Portugal

Describe the first successful revolution in Latin America.

Haitian Revolution 1801-1804

French colony used for producing sugar Located on the island of Hispaniola in

the Caribbean Sea Population - 500,000 enslaved Africans 1791 – Priest Boukman called for revolt Toussaint L’ouverture important general Jean Jacques Dessalines declares

independence in 1804 Haiti is the first Black colony to free

itself from European control

Toussaint L’ouverture

Who were two important people that led revolutions in the Spanish American colonies?

Simon Bolivar

Jose de San Martin

Who were some important leaders in the Mexican fight for independence?

Padre Miguel Hidalgo called for a revolt on Sept.16, 1810. (Now celebrated as Mexico’s Independence Day)

Jose Maria Morelos (also a priest) takes the lead after Hidalgo is killed.

Agustin Iturbide, a creole, takes the lead when a liberal government in Spain threatens to end creole privileges in the Spanish colonies.

How was Mexico’s fight for inedendence different from the other revolutions in Latin America?

Mexico’s revolution was led by mestizos and Indians instead of the creoles.

How was Brazil’s revolution different from the other countries in Latin America?

Brazil’ revolution was bloodless. Brazilians signed a petition to have Dom Pedro, (King John’s son) become their king/emperor.

What were some of the results of the Latin American Revolutions?

Results of Independence

Increased poverty Trade and cities disrupted by warfare Some countries break up into smaller

countries (Gran Colombia breaks up and becomes Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; United Provinces of Central America also breaks up into El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras.)