LATIN WEST and RENAISSANCE

BLACK DEATH

• Some “whooped it up”

• Some became more religious (flagellettes)

BLACK DEATH• Killed 1/3 of population• Some turned away from the church – looked

inward and towards man = HUMANISM• People moved to cities• People could demand more in wages = middle

class rise and peasant revolts• Authority figures challenged• Monarchies became stronger due to increased

urban populations and need for security (armies)

JEWISH POPULATION

• Most were living is Spain – Islam welcomed them to the area

• SCAPEGOATED…blamed for the Black Death• Killed or run out of cities

TRADE

• New trading cities were developed – VENICE• Hanseatic League worked in the North• Textiles, wool-making

CITY LIFE

• Offered more freedom than countryside• Cosmopolitan • GUILDS (apprenticeships) – assoc. craft merchants– Regulated trade, practices and prices– Denied membership to outsiders, women and Jews

LEARNING• New universities developed and intellectual life

expanded (Paris and Oxford)• Looked at Greek and Roman manuscripts –

rediscovered the classical age• LATIN…but later the vernacular• SCHOLASTICISM: combining of reason and faith

(Thomas Aquinas)

HUMANISMArt, literature and individualism

• An interest in grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, literature and philosophy…The humanities

• A focus on MAN!!!!

• Dante and a “rebirth” of the classics

PRINTING PRESS helped spread these works! Johann Gutenberg got the credit!

POLTICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

• Pope was important in the early Middle Ages – now KINGS became more important

WHY?1. Increase in armies to protect towns (don’t

need knights) and new weapons (firearm)

2. GREAT WESTERN SCHISM (Pope in France and one in Rome)…weakened the papacy

POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS -2ENGLAND• - King John had to sign the MAGNA CARTA:

Kings were subject to the same laws as the people

- Hundred Years War with France – France won (Joan of Arc); but now England and France divide territory and have a state with new monarchies!

IBERIAN UNIFICATION - 1492• Queen Isabella and Ferdinand in Spain take

back the Iberian Peninsula from the MOORS (Muslims) and kick the Muslims out

• Made Spain a powerful state with strong Catholic roots – kick out Jews as well – Spanish Inquisition

• Send out Christopher Columbus