1
Polar : accurate at the poles
Accurate at the equator
Accurate mid latitudes
Latitude= 0 degrees to 90N or 90SLongitude = 0 degrees to 180 E or W
2
Black: 0 o , 0 o
Green: 75o N, 30o E
Red: 30o S, 90o W
Blue: 60o N, 30o W
A: 75oN, 90o WB: 60oN, 120o WC: 60oN, 60oED: 15oN, 45oWE: 0o, 150oWF: 60oS, 120oWG: 30oS, 0oH: 15oS, 75oEI: 45oS, 150o EJ: 30oN, 180o
3
N
S
W E N, EN, W
S, W S, E
4
Large Scale1:1 Actual Size (small area, High detail)1:10 House / Room Plan1:100 Boiling Springs Street Map1:24,000 Carlisle: Standard Topo Map1:50,000 Cumberland1:500,000 PA Map1:4,560,000 North America1:7,000,000 World1:41,849,600 Globe (Big Area, Low Detail)Small Scale
Money1:1,000,000 $11:10,000 $1001:1,000 $1,0001:100 $10,0001:1 $1,000,000
N
S
W E N, EN, W
S, W S, E
5
Index Contour: every 5th contour line that is darker and usually labelled with the elevation
F=
E=
P=
All topographic map elevationsbegin at sealevel = 0 ft.
40 ft
80 ft
101 119 ft
6
A. Contour interval?B. Max elevation of Round Hill / High Hill?C. Direction river is flowing?D. Number of hills?E. Elevation of pit?
Contour lines form "V"s that point upstream when they cross a river.
Brown lines
20 ft361 379 ft / 461 479 ftNorth2160 ft
7
Shrank to about 5 Billion km
8
difference of 70 miles
90 % of the material in the disk became the Sun
young
9
Iron/Nickel
Crust / Upper Mantle
solid
10
10,0000 F Earth's Interior6,0000 F Surface of the Sun
6 60 miles thick
Source of the Earth's Magnetosphereprotects Earth from the harmful radiation from the Sun.
because of the solid core spinning inside theliquid core
ne
11
Rotation and Revolution
12
13
14
SouthernHemisphereHurricane
NorthernHemisphereHurricane
http://www.wiley.com/college/strahler/0471480533/animations/ch07_animations/animation2.html
http://www.wiley.com/college/strahler/0471480533/animations/ch07_animations/animation2.html
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Observe over a 6 month period
0
Earth moving in its patharound the Sun.
18 hr daylight6 hr night
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Summer
Winter
17
Rotation= 24 hr day (axis spin)Revolution = season changes / year (motion around the Sun)
equator
18+ daylight hours~6 nighttime hours
+18 nighttime hours~6 daylight hours
~12 hours day and night
~12 hours day and night
18 hrs darkness6 hrs daylight
18
Chapter 3 Models of Earth
I. Modeling the Planet
A. Maps can be constructed using different angles of view.A projection is a 2dimensional representation of 3D world.The following are examples of map projections:
1. Gnomonic or Planar projection
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