2
LATVIA’S
INFORMATIVE
INVENTORY
REPORT 1990 - 2012
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Data sheet
Title:
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 1990 - 2012
Submitted under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Date:
15th March 2014
Authors:
Ieva Sīle, Aiva Puļķe, Līga Rubene, Intars Cakars, Lauris Siņics
Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre
Gaidis Klāvs
Institute of Physical Energetics
Laima Bērziņa
Latvia University of Agriculture
Andis Lazdiņš
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”
Editing:
Vita Ratniece
Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre
Jānis Pļavinskis
Ministry of the Environmental Protection and Regional Development
Department of Environmental Protection
Cover photo:
Normunds Rustanovičs
Contact:
Ieva Sīle
Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre
Maskavas 165, Riga, LV 1019, Latvia
E-mail: [email protected]
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................16
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON EMISSION INVENTORIES ........................................................... 16
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR INVENTORY PREPARATION ......................... 16
1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF INVENTORY PREPARATION ...................................................... 17
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF KEY SOURCE CATEGORIES ............................................................................. 17
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................ 19
1.6 GENERAL UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION ................................................................................... 19
1.7 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPLETENESS ........................................................................ 20
2. AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION TRENDS ........................................................................22
2.1. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 22
2.2. MAIN POLLUTANTS (NOX, NMVOC, SOX, NH3, CO) ............................................................. 22
2.3. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5, PM10, TSP) .......................................................................... 23
2.4. HEAVY METALS (PB, CD, HG, AS, CR, CU, NI, SE, ZN) ........................................................... 23
2.5. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (DIOX, PAHS, PCB, HCB) .................................................. 25
3. ENERGY SECTOR (NFR 1) ........................................................................................28
3.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 28
3.1.1 Quantitative overview ...................................................................................... 28
3.1.2 Description ...................................................................................................... 33
3.2 STATIONARY FUEL COMBUSTION (NFR 1A1, 1A2, 1A4) ......................................................... 33
3.2.1 Sector overview ............................................................................................... 33 3.2.1.1 Source category description .................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1.2 Key sources .............................................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1.3 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 36
3.2.2 Energy Industries (NFR 1A1) ...................................................................... 38 3.2.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 38 3.2.2.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 38 3.2.2.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 38 3.2.2.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.2.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 39 3.2.2.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.2.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.2.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.2.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 42
3.2.3 Manufacturing Industries and Construction (NFR 1A2) .............................. 42 3.2.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 42 3.2.3.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 43 3.2.3.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 44 3.2.3.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.3.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 44 3.2.3.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.3.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.3.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 47 3.2.3.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 47
3.2.4 Other sectors (NFR 1A4) ........................................................................... 47 3.2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 47 3.2.4.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 47 3.2.4.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 48 3.2.4.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.4.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 49 3.2.4.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 50 3.2.4.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 51
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3.2.4.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 52 3.2.4.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 52
3.3 TRANSPORT (NFR 1A3, NFR 1A5) .................................................................................... 52
3.3.1 Sector overview ............................................................................................... 52 3.3.1.1 Source category description .................................................................................................................... 52 3.3.1.2 Key sources .............................................................................................................................................. 54 3.3.1.3 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 54
3.3.2 Civil aviation (NFR 1A3a) ................................................................................. 55 3.3.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 55 3.3.2.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 56 3.3.2.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 56 3.3.2.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 56 3.3.2.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 56 3.3.2.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.2.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.2.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.2.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 57
3.3.3. Road transport (NFR 1A3b) ............................................................................. 57 3.3.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 57 3.3.3.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 57 3.3.3.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 58 3.3.3.4 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 59 3.3.3.5 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 63 3.3.3.6 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 64 3.3.3.7 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 64 3.3.3.8 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 64
3.3.4 Railway (NFR 1A3c) .......................................................................................... 64 3.3.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 64 3.3.4.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 64 3.3.4.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 65 3.3.4.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 65 3.3.4.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 65 3.3.4.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.4.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.4.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.4.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 66
3.3.5 Navigation (NFR 1A3d) .............................................................................. 66 3.3.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 66 3.3.5.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 67 3.3.5.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 67 3.3.5.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 67 3.3.5.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 67 3.3.5.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 68 3.3.5.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 68 3.3.5.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 68 3.3.5.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 68
3.3.6 Off-road mobile machinery (NFR 1A2f ii, 1A4a ii, 1A4c ii, 1A4c iii, 1A5b) ....... 68 3.3.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 68 3.3.6.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 69 3.3.6.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 69 3.3.6.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 69 3.3.6.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 69 3.3.6.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 70 3.3.6.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 70 3.3.6.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 70 3.3.6.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 70
3.4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (NFR 1.B) .......................................................................................... 70
3.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 70
3.4.2 Trends in emissions .................................................................................. 71
3.4.3 Methods .................................................................................................... 71
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3.4.4 Emission factors ........................................................................................ 72
3.4.5 Activity data .............................................................................................. 72
3.4.6 Uncertainties ............................................................................................. 73
3.4.7 QA/QC and verification ............................................................................. 74
3.4.8 Recalculations ........................................................................................... 74
3.4.9 Planned improvements .............................................................................. 74
3.5 INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS .................................................................................................. 74
5.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 74
5.5.2 Trends in emissions .................................................................................. 74
5.5.3 Emission factors ........................................................................................ 74
5.5.4 Activity data .............................................................................................. 75
4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (NFR 2) .............................................................................77
4.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 77
4.1.1 Overview of sector ........................................................................................... 77
4.1.2 Key sources ..................................................................................................... 78
4.1.3 Trends in emissions ........................................................................................ 78
4.2 MINERAL PRODUCTS (NFR 2A) .......................................................................................... 80
4.2.1 Source category description ............................................................................ 80 4.2.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 80 4.2.1.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 80
4.2.2 Cement clinker production (NFR 2 A 1) ..................................................... 81 4.2.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 81 4.2.2.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 81 4.2.2.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 82 4.2.2.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 82 4.2.2.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 83 4.2.2.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.2.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.2.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.2.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 84
4.2.3 Lime production (NFR 2 A 2) ..................................................................... 84 4.2.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 84 4.2.3.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 84 4.2.3.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 85 4.2.3.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 85 4.2.3.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 85 4.2.3.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 86 4.2.3.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 86 4.2.3.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 86 4.2.3.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 86
4.2.4 Asphalt roofing and Road paving with asphalt (NFR 2 A 5, 2 A 6) .................... 86 4.2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 86 4.2.4.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 87 4.2.4.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 87 4.2.4.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 87 4.2.4.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 88 4.2.4.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 89 4.2.4.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 89 4.2.4.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 89 4.2.4.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 90
4.2.5 Other mineral products (NFR 2 A 7 d) .............................................................. 90 4.2.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 90 4.2.5.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................................................................. 90 4.2.5.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 91 4.2.5.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................................................................... 91
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4.2.5.5 Activity data ............................................................................................................................................ 91 4.2.5.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................... 92 4.2.5.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................................................................... 92 4.2.5.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................................................................... 92 4.2.5.9 Planned improvements ........................................................................................................................... 92
4.3 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY (NFR 2 B) ......................................................................................... 93
4.3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 93
4.3.2 Trends in emissions ........................................................................................ 93
4.3.3 Methods .......................................................................................................... 93
4.3.4 Emission factors .............................................................................................. 93
4.3.5 Activity data .................................................................................................... 93
4.3.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................... 94
4.3.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................... 94
4.3.8 Recalculations ................................................................................................. 94
4.3.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................... 94
4.4 METAL PRODUCTION (NFR 2 C) ......................................................................................... 94
4.4.1 Source category description ............................................................................ 94
4.4.2 Trends in emissions ........................................................................................ 94
4.4.3 Methods .......................................................................................................... 95
4.4.4 Emission factors .............................................................................................. 95
4.4.5 Activity data .................................................................................................... 95
4.4.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................... 96
4.4.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................... 96
4.4.8 Recalculations ................................................................................................. 96
4.4.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................... 97
4.5 OTHER PRODUCTION (NFR 2 D) ........................................................................................ 97
4.5.1 Source category description ............................................................................ 97
4.5.2 Trends in emissions ........................................................................................ 97
4.5.3 Methods .......................................................................................................... 98
4.5.4 Emission factors .............................................................................................. 98
4.5.5 Activity data .................................................................................................... 98
4.5.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................... 99
4.5.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................... 99
4.5.8 Recalculations ................................................................................................. 99
4.5.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................... 99
5. SOLVENT AND OTHER PRODUCT USE (NRF 3) ....................................................... 100
5.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 100
5.1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 100
5.1.2 Key sources ................................................................................................... 101
5.1.3 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 101
5.2 PAINT APPLICATION (NFR 3 A), DEGREASING AND DRY CLEANING (NFR 3 B), OTHER – PRINTING, DOMESTIC
SOLVENTS USE AND OTHER PRODUCT USE (NFR 3 D 1, 3 D 2, 3 D 3) .......................................... 102
5.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................. 102
5.2.2 Trends in emissions ................................................................................ 102
5.2.3 Methods .................................................................................................. 103
5.2.4 Emission factors ...................................................................................... 103
5.2.5 Activity data ............................................................................................ 103
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5.2.6 Uncertainties ........................................................................................... 104
5.2.7 QA/QC and verification ........................................................................... 104
5.2.8 Recalculations ......................................................................................... 104
5.2.9 Planned improvements ............................................................................ 105
5.4 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, MANUFACTURE AND PROCESSING (NFR 3 C) ......................................... 105
5.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 105
5.4.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 105
5.4.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 105
5.4.4 Emission factors ............................................................................................ 105
5.4.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 105
5.4.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 106
5.4.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 106
5.4.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 106
5.4.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 106
6. AGRICULTURE (NFR 4) ......................................................................................... 107
6.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 107
6.1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 107
6.1.2 Key sources ................................................................................................... 107
6.1.3 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 108
6.2 MANURE MANAGEMENT (NFR 4.B) ................................................................................... 109
6.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 109
6.2.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 110
6.2.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 110
6.2.4 Emissions factors .......................................................................................... 110
6.2.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 112
6.2.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 114
6.2.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 114
6.2.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 114
6.2.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 114
6.3 AGRICULTURAL SOILS (NFR 4.D) ...................................................................................... 114
6.3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 114
6.3.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 114
6.3.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 115
6.3.4 Emission factors ............................................................................................ 116
6.3.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 116
6.3.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 116
6.3.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 116
6.3.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 116
6.3.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 116
6.4 PM EMISSION FROM STABLES (NFR 4.B) ............................................................................. 117
6.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 117
6.4.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 117
6.4.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 117
6.4.4 Emission factors ............................................................................................ 117
6.4.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 118
6.4.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 118
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6.4.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 118
6.4.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 118
6.4.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 118
6.5 OTHER (NFR 4G) ......................................................................................................... 118
6.5.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 118
6.5.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 118
6.5.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 118
6.5.4 Emission factors ............................................................................................ 118
6.5.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 119
6.4.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 119
6.4.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 119
6.4.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 119
6.4.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 119
7. LAND-USE, LAND-USE CHANGES AND FORESTRY (NFR 7A) ................................... 120
7.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 120
7.2 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ............................................................................................... 120
8. WASTE (NFR 6) .................................................................................................... 123
8.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 123
8.1.1 Overview of sector .................................................................................. 123
8.1.2 Key sources ............................................................................................. 124
8.1.3 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 124
8.2 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ................................................................................................... 125
8.2.1 Source category description .......................................................................... 125
8.2.2 Trends in emissions ...................................................................................... 126
8.2.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 126
8.2.4 Emission factors ........................................................................................... 127
8.2.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 127
8.2.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 127
8.2.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 127
8.2.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 127
8.2.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 127
8.3 WASTE WATER HANDLING ............................................................................................... 128
8.3.1 Source category description .......................................................................... 128
8.3.2 Methods and emission factors ....................................................................... 128
8.3.2 Activity data .................................................................................................. 128
8.2.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 129
8.2.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 129
8.2.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 129
8.2.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 130
8.4 WASTE INCINERATION ..................................................................................................... 130
8.4.1 Source category description .......................................................................... 130
8.4.2 Emission trends ............................................................................................. 130
8.2.3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 130
8.2.4 Emission factors ........................................................................................... 131
8.2.5 Activity data .................................................................................................. 132
8.2.6 Uncertainties ................................................................................................. 133
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8.2.7 QA/QC and verification ................................................................................. 133
8.2.8 Recalculations ............................................................................................... 133
8.2.9 Planned improvements .................................................................................. 133
9. RECALCULATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS ............................................................... 134
9.1 RECALCULATIONS .......................................................................................................... 134
9.2 PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS ................................................................................................ 136
10. PROJECTIONS ...................................................................................................... 137
11. SUBMISSION OF LATVIAN FIVE YEARLY GRIDDED EMISSIONS DATA ........................ 139
12. REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 142
ANNEX 1 .................................................................................................................... 144
ANNEX 2 .................................................................................................................... 154
ANNEX 3 .................................................................................................................... 158
ANNEX 4 .................................................................................................................... 160
ANNEX 5 .................................................................................................................... 169
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Uncertainty assessment for main pollutants ....................................................................... 20
Table 1.2 Sources not estimated (NE) ................................................................................................ 20
Table 1.3 Sources included elsewhere (IE) ......................................................................................... 21
Table 3.1 Consumption of energy resources in Latvia (TJ), ................................................................. 28
Table 3.2 Electricity and heat production and consumption in Latvia (TJ) ........................................... 30
Table 3.3 Heat production and consumption in Latvia (TJ) ................................................................. 31
Table 3.4 Source categories and methods for Stationary fuel combustion sectors .............................. 33
Table 3.5 Reported emissions in Stationary fuel combustion sectors in 2012 ..................................... 34
Table 3.6 Trends in emissions from Stationary combustion sectors between 1990 and 2012 ............. 36
Table 3.7 Trends in emissions from 1A1 Energy Industries sector between 1990 and 2012 ............... 38
Table 3.8 Trends in emissions from 1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction sector between 1990
and 2012 ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Table 3.9 Trends in emissions from 1A4 Other sectors between 1990 and 2012 ............................... 47
Table 3.10 Source categories and methods for Transport sector ........................................................ 53
Table 3.11 Reported emissions in Transport sector in 2012 .............................................................. 53
Table 3.12 Trends in emissions from Transport sector between 1990 and 2012 ................................ 55
Table 3.13 Trends and emissions in Civil aviation ............................................................................. 56
Table 3.14 Emission factors used in the calculation of emissions from Civil aviation (Gg/PJ) .............. 56
Table 3.15 Trends and emissions in Road transport .......................................................................... 57
Table 3.16 Recalculations for Road transport .................................................................................... 64
Table 3.17 Impact of recalculations to emissions in road transport, current submission versus 2013 year
submission, % ................................................................................................................................... 64
Table 3.18 Trends and emissions in Railway ..................................................................................... 64
Table 3.19 Emission factors used for emissions calculation from Railway .......................................... 65
Table 3.20 Emission factors used in the calculation of Particulate Matters emissions from Railway ..... 65
Table 3.21 SO2 emission factors for Diesel oil used in the calculation of SO2 emissions from Railway . 65
Table 3.22 Trends and emissions in Navigation ................................................................................. 67
Table 3.23 Emission factors used in the calculation of emissions from navigation ............................. 67
Table 3.24 Trends and emissions in off-roads .................................................................................. 69
Table 3.24 Fugitive emissions in 1990-2012 (Gg) ............................................................................. 71
Table 3.25 NMVOC emission factors (g/kg) ....................................................................................... 72
Table 3.26 PM emission factors (g/tonne) ......................................................................................... 72
Table 3.27 Activity data used for NMVOC emission calculation in 1990-2001 (PJ) .............................. 72
Table 3.28 Activity data used for particulate matters emissions calculation in 1990–2012 (Gg) .......... 72
Table 3.29 Activity data used determining NMVOC emissions from gas leakage 1990–2012 .............. 73
Table 3.29 Trends and emissions in International Aviation and Navigation ........................................ 74
Table 3.30 Emission factors to calculate emissions from International Aviation .................................. 75
Table 3.31 Emission factors to calculate emissions from International Navigation .............................. 75
Table 3.32 Emission factors for Particulate Matters for international navigation ................................. 75
Table 3.33 SO2 emission factors used for Diesel oil in the SO2 calculation of emissions for International
Bunkers ............................................................................................................................................ 75
Table 3.34 SO2 Emission factors used for RFO in the SO2 calculation of emissions for International Bunkers
........................................................................................................................................................ 75
Table 3.35 Energy consumption in International Transport (TJ) .......................................................... 75
Table 4.1 Source categories and methods for Industrial Processes sector .......................................... 77
Table 4.2 Reported emissions in Industrial Processes sector in 2012 ................................................. 77
Table 4.3 Change in emissions from Industrial Processes sector between 1990 and 2012 (%)............. 78
Table 4.4 Emissions from Mineral Products in 1990-2012 ................................................................. 80
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Table 4.5 Emissions from Cement clinker production in 1990-2012.................................................. 81
Table 4.6 EFs for cement clinker production (Gg/Gg) ........................................................................ 83
Table 4.7 Cement production activity data in 1990–2012 (Gg) ........................................................... 83
Table 4.8 Emissions from Lime production in 2000-2012 ................................................................. 84
Table 4.9 Emission factors for lime production in 1990–2012 (Gg/Gg) .............................................. 85
Table 4.10 Emissions from Asphalt roofing and Road paving in 1990 -2012 ..................................... 87
Table 4.11 Emission factors for asphalt roofing and road paving in 1990–2012 ................................. 87
Table 4.12 Activity data for road paving with asphalt and asphalt roofing production ........................ 88
Table 4.13 Recalculations done in 2A5 and 2A6 sectors .................................................................... 89
Table 4.14 Emissions from Other mineral products in 1990 -2012 .................................................... 90
Table 4.15 Emission factors for glass production in 1990–2012 ........................................................ 91
Table 4.16 Activity data for raw materials use in glass production in 1990-2012 .............................. 92
Table 4.17 Particulate matters emissions from Chemical Industry in 2008-2012 ............................... 93
Table 4.18 Activity data of phosphate fertilizers in 2008-2012 (Gg) .................................................. 93
Table 4.19 Emissions from Metal Production in 1990-2012 .............................................................. 94
Table 4.20 Emission factors for Iron and Steel production in 1990–2012 ........................................... 95
Table 4.21 Emissions from Iron and Steel production in 1990-2011 after recalculation ..................... 96
Table 4.22 Emissions from Pulp and Paper (2.D.1) and Food and Drink (2.D.2) production sectors in
1990-2012 (Gg) ............................................................................................................................... 97
Table 4.23 NMVOC emission factors for food and drink industries .................................................... 98
Table 4.24 Activity data of 2.D.1 Pulp and Paper and 2.D.2 Food and Drink production sectors in 1990-
2012 ................................................................................................................................................ 99
Table 5.1 Trends in NMVOC emissions from Solvent and Other Product use sector .......................... 102
Table 5.2 NMVOC emissions from Paint Application (NRF 3.A), Degreasing and Dry Cleaning (NRF 3.B)
and Other Product Use (NRF 3.D) sectors in 1990–2012 (Gg) ........................................................... 103
Table 5.3 Activity data for Paint Application (NRF 3.A), Degreasing and Dry Cleaning (NRF 3.B) and Other
(NRF 3.D) in 2005-2012 (Gg) .......................................................................................................... 103
Table 5.4 The number of population is used as activity data under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D for years 1990-
2005 .............................................................................................................................................. 104
Table 5.5 Emissions from Chemical Products, Manufacture and Processing (NRF 3.C) sector in 1990–2012
(Gg) ................................................................................................................................................ 105
Table 6.1 Source categories and methods for Agriculture sector ...................................................... 107
Table 6.2 Reported emissions in Agriculture sector in 2012 ............................................................ 107
Table 6.3 Trends in emissions from Agriculture sector between 1990 and 2012 .............................. 108
Table 6.4 Trends in emissions from Manure management between 1990 and 2012 ........................ 110
Table 6.5 Average N excretions per head of animal ......................................................................... 111
Table 6.6 N excretion for swine in average ...................................................................................... 111
Table 6.7 Average ammonia emission factors* (kg) ......................................................................... 112
Table 6.8 Number of livestock for 1990 – 2012 in the end of the year (thousand heads) .................. 113
Table 6.9 Emissions from fertilizers use and crop production and agricultural soils in 1990-2011 (Gg)
...................................................................................................................................................... 114
Table 6.10 PM and TSP Emission factors ......................................................................................... 117
Table 6.11 Emissions from grassland burning in 1993-2012 .......................................................... 118
Table 6.12 Default emission factors for emission calculation related burning of last year’s grass ..... 119
Table 7.1 Emissions from on – site burning in the forest ................................................................. 120
Table 7.2 Emission ratios for open burning of forests ..................................................................... 121
Table 7.3 PAH emission factors and ratios for burning .................................................................... 121
Table 8.1 Generated wastes in Latvia .............................................................................................. 123
Table 8.2 Source categories and methods for Waste sector .............................................................. 123
Table 8.3 Reported emissions in Waste sector in 2012 .................................................................... 123
Table 8.4 Change in emissions from Wastes sector between 1990 and 2012 (%) .............................. 124
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Table 8.5 Disposed waste amounts and Landfill gas volume in Latvia .............................................. 127
Table 8.6 NMVOC and ammonia emissions from Waste water handling ............................................ 128
Table 8.7 Activity data and emission factors for calculation of NH3 and NMVOC emission from Waste
Water Handling sector .................................................................................................................... 128
Table 8.8 Activity data type and value example ............................................................................... 128
Table 8.9 Activity data and result of emission (NH3 and NMVOC) calculations from Waste Water Handling
sector 1990-2012 .......................................................................................................................... 129
Table 8.10 Uncertainties for Waste Water handling sector................................................................ 129
Table 8.11 Emission factors for waste incineration .......................................................................... 131
Table 8.12 Emission factors from cremation ................................................................................... 131
Table 8.13 Incinerated wastes in Latvia ........................................................................................... 132
Table 8.14 Burned bodies in Riga crematorium ............................................................................... 132
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Key categories in 1990 ..................................................................................................... 18
Figure 1.2 Key categories in 2012 ..................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.1 SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3 emissions in 1990-2012 (Gg) ................................................ 22
Figure 2.2 Emissions of particulate matter in 2000-2012 (Gg) ........................................................... 23
Figure 2.3 Emissions of heavy metals in 1990-2012 (Mg) .................................................................. 24
Figure 2.4 Lead emissions in 1990-2012 (Mg) .................................................................................. 24
Figure 2.5 PAH emissions in 1990-2012 (Mg) ................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.6 Emissions of HCB and PCB in 1990-2012 (kg) ................................................................... 26
Figure 2.7 Emissions of DIOX in 1990-2012 (g I-Teq) ....................................................................... 27
Figure 3.1 Distribution of emissions in Stationary combustion by subsectors in 2012 (%) ................... 35
Figure 3.2 Fuel consumption in 1.A.1 Energy Industries in 1990-2012 (PJ) ........................................ 40
Figure 3.3 Fuel consumption in 1.A.1.a sector and average temperature in Latvia (2000-2012) (PJ).... 41
Figure 3.4 Fuel consumption in 1.A.2 Manufacturing industries and construction in 1990–2012 (PJ) .. 45
Figure 3.5 Fuel consumption in 1.A.4 Other sectors in 1990–2012 (PJ) .............................................. 49
Figure 3.6 Fuel consumption in 1.A.4.b and average temperature in Latvia (2003-2012) ................... 50
Figure 3.7 Distribution of emissions in Transport sector by subsectors in 2012 (%) ............................ 54
Figure 3.8 Fuel consumption in Transport sector in 2011 and 2012 (TJ) ............................................ 54
Figure 3.9 Fuel consumption in Civil aviation (TJ) .............................................................................. 57
Figure 3.10 Development of fuel consumption in Road transport (TJ) ................................................. 59
Figure 3.11 Distribution of passenger cars fleet by sub-classes ........................................................ 60
Figure 3.12 Distribution of gasoline passenger cars fleet by layers .................................................... 61
Figure 3.13 Distribution of diesel oil passenger cars fleet by layers ................................................... 61
Figure 3.14 Distribution of light duty vehicles fleet by sub-classes .................................................... 62
Figure 3.15 Distribution of light duty vehicles fleet by layers ............................................................. 62
Figure 3.16 Distribution of heavy duty vehicles fleet by sub-classes .................................................. 63
Figure 3.17 Distribution of heavy duty vehicles fleet by layers ........................................................... 63
Figure 3.18 Fuel consumption in Railway transport (TJ) ..................................................................... 66
Figure 3.19 Development of gasoline and diesel oil fuel consumption in navigation ........................... 68
Figure 3.20 Fuel fuel consumption in off-roads (PJ) ........................................................................... 70
Figure 4.1 Emissions from Industrial Processes sector by subsectors in 2012 .................................... 78
Figure 4.2 Lime production activity data in 1990–2012 (Gg) .............................................................. 86
Figure 4.3 NMVOC emissions from glass fibre production in 1990–2012 (Gg) .................................... 91
Figure 4.4 Steel production activity data in 1990–2012 (kt) ............................................................... 96
Figure 5.1 NMVOC emissions from Solvent and Other Product Use sector in 1990-2012 .................. 100
Figure 5.2 Distribution of NMVOC emissions in Solvent and Other Product Use Sector for 2012 (Gg) 101
Figure 6.1 Distribution of emissions in Agriculture sector by subsectors in 2012 (%) ........................ 108
Figure 6.2 Ammonia emissions from Manure Management in 2012 ................................................. 109
Figure 6.3 Used nitrogen (kt) ......................................................................................................... 115
Figure 6.4 Area covered by crops, thsd.ha ....................................................................................... 116
Figure 6.5 PM emissions in 2000 – 2012 (Gg) .................................................................................. 117
Figure 6.6 Area of last years grass .................................................................................................. 119
Figure 7.1 Harvesting residues and residues left for incineration (1000 tons) .................................. 122
Figure 8.1 Distribution of emissions in Waste sector by subsectors in 2012 (%) ................................ 124
Figure 8.2 Disposed waste amounts in Latvia (Gg) ........................................................................... 126
Figure 8.3 NMVOC emissions from Solid waste disposal (kt) ............................................................ 126
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Abbreviations
CEPMEIP/TNO - Co-ordinated European Programme on Particulate Matter Emission Inventories,
Projections of “Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek”.
CORINAIR- The Core Inventory of Air Emissions in Europe
CSB – Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
EDR – Emission Data Report
EMEP – Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation od the Long Range Transmission of Air
Pollutants in Europe
EMEP/CORINAIR – Atmospheric emission inventory guidebook, Co-operative Programme for Monitoring
and Evaluation on the Long Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe, The Core Inventory of Air
Emmisions in Europe;
EMEP/EEA 2009 - The EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook;
FEWE – Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency;
GHG – Greenhouse Gases
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC 1996 – Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories (1997)
IPCC GPG 2000 – IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty management in national Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (2000)
IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 – IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
(2003)
IPPC - Integrated Pollution Prevention Control
LEGMC – Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre
LULUCF – Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
MEPRD - Ministry of the Environmental Protection and Regional Development
MoT - Ministry of Transport
NCV – Net calorific value
NFR - Nomenclature For Reporting
OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
REBs – Regional Environmental Boards
RTSD – Road Traffic Safety Department
SFS – State Forest Service
UN – United Nations;
UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Pollutants:
As – arsenic Cr – chromium
Cd – cadmium Cu – copper
CO – carbon monoxide Hg – mercury
HM – heavy metals SO2 – sulphur dioxide
NH3 – ammonia Ni – nickel
NMVOC – non-methane volatile organic
compounds
NO2 – nitrogen dioxide
Se – Selenium
NOx – nitrogen oxides Pb – lead
DIOX – dioxins TSP – total suspended particulates
PM2.5 – particulate matter, particle size smaller
than 2.5 µm
PM10 - particulate matter, particle size smaller
than 10 µm
POP – persistent organic pollutants Zn – zinc
PAHs – polyaromatic hydrocarbons HCB – hexachlorobenzene
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON EMISSION INVENTORIES
The Republic of Latvia has ratified the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
(Geneva, 1979) by Resolution Nr. 63 of 7 July 1994 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia. Later
on Latvia has signed following Protocols of Convention:
The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs);
The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Heavy Metals;
The 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level
Ozone.
According to the revised Guidelines for Reporting Emission Data under the Convention on
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (ECE/EB.AIR/97, revised 27 January 2009) Party shall
annually submit an emission inventory to the secretariat.
This report is Latvia’s Annual Informative Inventory Report (IIR) submitted on 15 March 2014.
The report contains information on Latvia’s inventories for 1990 - 2012.
The annual emission inventory for Latvia is reported in the Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR09
dated 30.9.2009) format as requested in the revised Reporting Guidelines.
The issues addressed in this report are: Trends in emissions, description of each NFR category,
recalculations, planned improvements.
The latest recalculations in emission inventory were done for the time period from 1990 to
2011. These were done because of the change of activity data in all sectors.
This report is made based on resubmitted emission data on 15 March 2014. It contains
information on Latvia’s emission inventories for years from 1990 to 2012 for anthropogenic
emissions of NOx; CO; NMVOC; SOx; NH3; TSP; PM10; PM 2,5; Pb; Cd; Hg; PCBs; DIOX; PAHs;
HCB; As; Cr; Cu; Ni; Se and Zn.
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR INVENTORY PREPARATION
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report (IIR) is prepared by the state Ltd LEGMC cooperating with
other institutions. The purpose of the LEGMC is to collect and process environmental
information, to carry out environmental monitoring and inform the general public of the status
of the environment, to provide for the geological supervision and rational use of natural
recourses, to implement the state policies in geology, meteorology, climatology, hydrology,
and air quality and the impact of transboundary air pollution.
The experts at the LEGMC have created inventory in co-operation with following institutions
and using expert publications and evaluations:
The Ministry of the Environmental Protection and Regional Development;
Central Statistical Bureau;
Institute of Physical Energetics;
Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava";
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Latvia University of Agriculture;
Ministry of Agriculture.
1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF INVENTORY PREPARATION
The process of inventory compilation consists of inventory planning that includes decision
making of methodological and organisational issues and time frame of inventory preparation.
In the first stage specific responsibilities are defined and allocated. In the second stage, the
inventory preparation process, were collected activity data, emission factors and all relevant
information needed for finally estimating emissions.
Latvia’s emissions inventory is based on the IPCC 1996, IPCC GPG 2000, IPCC GPG LULUCF
2003, EMEP/EEA 2009 and EMEP/EEA 2013.
NFR format is used to prepare inventory for years 1990–2012. To calculate emissions,
supplemental locally developed database in Excel format was used for all sectors except Road
Transport. A special Computer Programme for Road Transportation (COPERT IV), which is
proposed to be used by EEA member countries for the compilation of CORINAIR emission
inventories, was used. Additional researches were made, based on needs of recalculation, to
compile data and investigate appropriate approach to fulfil Convention obligations.
Generally activity data has used from Central Statistical Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture,
different enterprises and other institutions.
The deadline for submitting to LEGMC activity data and its description for all institutions
involved in inventory process is 1st of November; only final data regarding fuel consumption
was received until 30th of November when CSB prepared Energy balances for EUROSTAT
according to additional agreement.
More detailed information on methodologies and activity data is given in the description of
the sectors in chapters 3-8.
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF KEY SOURCE CATEGORIES
The Key category analysis (KCA) for years 1990 and 2012 was done by LEGMC according to
EMEP/EEA 2013 Level assessment. According to EMEP/EEA 2013 Guidelines, key categories
are emission sources which contribute to 80% of the total national emissions. The KCA was
performed for each reported pollutant separately. The key categories for 1990 and 2012 are
shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Figure 1.1 Key categories in 1990
In 1990, the main categories for pollutants’ emissions in Latvia were Energy – stationary
combustion (NFR 1A1, 1A2, 1A4) and fugitive emissions (1B), as well as Transport (NFR 1A3,
1A5) sectors. Public electricity and heat production (NFR 1A1a), Commercial/Institutional (NFR
1A4a i), Residential sector (NFR 1A4bi) and Road Transport sector (NFR 1A3b) were sectors
which produce greatest part of the emissions. The majority of NH3 emissions were produced
by Agriculture sector (NFR 4). NMVOC emissions are also produced by Industrial Processes
(NFR 2) and Solvent and other product use (NFR 3) sectors which can be considered as key
categories.
Figure 1.2 Key categories in 2012
As it can be seen in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 above, the key sources have slightly changed in
2012, comparing with 1990. The main key source for the majority of pollutants have remained
1 A 4 a i1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i 1 A 4 a i1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 3 b iii
1 A 3 b iii1 A 3 b iii
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i 1 A 1 a
1 A 1 a
1 A 1 a
1 A 1 a
1 A 1 a
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i1 A 3 c
1 A 2 e 1 A 2 e 1 A 4 c i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
3 D 3
3 D 22 D 2
1 B 2 a v 1 B 2 b 1 A 4 c ii 1 A 4 c ii
4 B 1 b
4 B 1 a
4 D 1 a
4 B 8 1 A 3 b ii
Other OtherOther Other Other Other Other
Other
OtherOther Other Other
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 CO Pb Cd Hg PCDD PAHs HCB PCB
1 A 1 a1 A 1 a 1 A 1 a
1 A 1 a
1 A 2 e 1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i 1 A 2 f i1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i1 A 2 f i
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b iii
1 A 3 c
1 A 3 c
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i
1 A 4 a i1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 c i 1 A 4 c i
2 A 1
2 A 6
2 A 62 C 1 2 C 1
3 A 13 C
3 D 2
3 D 3
4 B 1 a
4 B 1 b
4 B 8
4 D 1 a
4 D 1 a6 C a
Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other
OtherOther
OtherOther
OtherOther
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO
x
NM
VO
C
SO2
NH
3
TSP
PM
10
PM
2.5 CO Pb
Cd
Hg
PC
DD
PA
H
HC
B
PC
B
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– Residential sector (NFR 1A4b i). Also the Road transport (NFR 1A3b i) have remained as a key
category for CO and Pb emissions. Changes in main emission sources can be seen in HCB
emissions, where waste incineration constitutes 10.9%, SOx emissions, where 13.3% of
national emissions are produced in Industrial Processes – Cement production (NFR 2A1) sector,
as well as NMVOC, where 38.7% are produced in Solvent and other product use sector instead
of 18% in 1990. The main producers of particulate matter emissions are Energy and Industrial
processes sectors.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
The following Quality control (QA/QC) activities were carried out in the inventory preparation
process:
Processing;
Handling,
Documentation;
Recalculations;
Cross – checking.
The inventory is archived each year and it is possible to regenerate information.
Quality Control (QC):
Quality Control (QC) is a system of routine technical activities, to measure and control the
quality of the inventory as it is being developed. The QC system is designed to:
Provide routine and consistent checks to ensure data correctness and completeness;
Identify and address errors and omissions;
Document and archive inventory material.
QC activities include general methods such as accuracy checks on data acquisition and
calculations and the use of approved standardized procedures for emission calculations,
measurements, estimating uncertainties, archiving information and reporting. These activities
are implemented by sector experts and national inventory compiler.
Before submitting data to CEIP/EEA NFR formats were checked with RepDab.
Quality assurance (QA)
Quality Assurance (QA) activities include a planned system of review procedures conducted by
personnel not directly involved in the inventory compilation/development process. In the
inventory preparation process, general quality control procedures have been applied. Some
specific quality control procedures related to check of activity data and emission factors were
carried out.
Before submitting IIR to CEIP/EEA, data were approved by The Ministry of the Environmental
Protection and Regional Development.
1.6 GENERAL UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION
The calculation of uncertainty estimates was made according to the Tier 1 method presented
by the IPCC GPG 2000. The Tier 1 method is based on emission estimates and uncertainty
coefficients for activity data and emission factors.
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Uncertainty coefficients have been assigned based on expert judgement or on default
uncertainty estimates according to IPCC GPG 2000, EMEP/EEA 2009 and EMEP/EEA 2013,
because there is a lack of the information about background data to make actual calculations.
For each source, the uncertainty for activity data and emission factors was estimated and given
in per cent. The uncertainty analysis was done for the all sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes,
Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste. Uncertainties were estimated
only for main pollutants - NOx, CO, NMVOC, SOx and NH3. However, it is planned to include
uncertainty assessment also for other pollutants.
Table 1.1 Uncertainty assessment for main pollutants
Overall uncertainty, % Trend uncertainty, %
NOx 63.53 38.95
NMVOC 90.9 84.2
SOx 72.93 12.51
NH3 89.17 24.68
CO 98.81 69.89
Complete set of reporting tables for main pollutants can be found in Annex 4.
1.7 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPLETENESS
All territory of Latvia is covered by the inventory. Emissions from large part of NFR tables have
been estimated. Where this is not the case, notation keys – NE (not estimated), IE (included
elsewhere), NA (not applicable) or NO (not occurred), are used.
NE (not estimated):
“NE” is used for existing emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases that
have not been estimated.
Table 1.2 Sources not estimated (NE)
NFR09 code Substance(s) Reason for not estimated
2 A 1 Cement production HMs no methodology available, NE
according to EMEP 2009
2 A 2 Lime production HMs no methodology available, NE
according to EMEP 2009
2 D 3 Wood processing NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3 no statistical data is available
6 C e Small scale waste
burning All pollutants no statistical data is available
6 A Solid waste disposal
on land NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, Hg no emisson factor is available
6 C d Cremation
NH3, PM2.5, PM10, Se, Zn, HCB, benzo(b) fluoranthene,
benzo(k) fluoranthene, Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene,
Total PAH 1-4
no emisson factor is available
6 C a Clinical waste
incineration (d) NH3, PM2.5, PM10, Se, Zn no emisson factor is available
6 C b Industrial waste
incineration (d) NH3, Se no emisson factor is available
IE (included elsewhere):
“IE” is used for emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases that have
been estimated but included elsewhere in the inventory instead of the expected source/sink
category.
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Table 1.3 Sources included elsewhere (IE)
NFR09 code Substance(s) Included in NFR code
3 A 3 Other coating application
(Please specify the sources
included/excluded in the notes
column to the right)
NMVOC 3 A 1 Decorative coating application
3 A 2 Industrial coating
application NMVOC 3 A 1 Decorative coating application
4B13; 4B9c; 49b NH3 4B9a
6 C a Clinical waste incineration
(d)
benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(b)
fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene,
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene
Total PAH 1-4
6 C b Industrial waste
incineration (d)
benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(b)
fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene,
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene
Total PAH 1-4
1 A 3 b ii Road transport: Light
duty vehicles PCDDs, PAHs
1 A 3 b i Road transport: Passenger
cars
1 A 3 b iii Road transport:
Heavy duty vehicles PCDDs, PAHs
1 A 3 b i Road transport: Passenger
cars
1 A 3 b iv Road transport:
Mopeds & motorcycles PCDDs, PAHs
1 A 3 b i Road transport: Passenger
cars
NA (not applicable):
“NA” is used for activities in a given source/sink category that do not produce emissions or
emissions are negligible.
C (confidential):
“C” is used for emissions that could lead to the disclosure of confidential information classified
in the national legislation if reported at the most disaggregated level. In this case a minimum
of aggregation is required to protect business information.
The completeness is estimated taking into account the usage of notation key NE relation this
number to total amount of the subcategories. Completeness is checked for all emissions.
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2. AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION TRENDS
2.1. OVERVIEW
The emission estimates of air pollutants in Latvia include following emissions: sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, ammonia,
particulates (TSP, PM10, PM2.5), heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium,
copper, nickel, vanadium, zinc), PAHs, PCBs and DIOX.
2.2. MAIN POLLUTANTS (NOX, NMVOC, SOX, NH3, CO)
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic
compounds and ammonia emissions are shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1 SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3 emissions in 1990-2012 (Gg)
SO2
Since 1990 to 2012 the total SO2 emissions have decreased by 97.65%. The reduction is mainly
due to use of fuels with lower content of sulphur as well as fuel switching from solid and liquid
types of fuel to natural gas and biomass. The main source of emissions is Energy sector. In
2012, the sulphur dioxide emissions are 2.41 Gg, generally from the Energy sector.
NOx
The total NOx emissions have decreased by 58.16% from 1990 to 2012. Generally the reduction
is due to decrease of total fuel consumption that was caused by transformation of national
economy as well as energy efficiency and control measures and also solid fuels and heavy
liquid fuels replacement with natural gas and biomass fuels. In 2012, the total nitrogen oxides
emissions are 35.23 Gg, generated mainly in the Energy sector (including Transport sector).
NH3
The total ammonia emissions have decreased approximately by 60.14% from 1990 to 2012.
72% of NH3 emissions are produced from agricultural activities in 2012, and the remaining
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Gg
NH3 NOx NMVOC SOx CO
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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producers of ammonia are Energy and Waste sectors. Since 2000, it is observed that total
ammonia emissions have slightly increased by 28% due to increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers
and some categories of livestock.
CO
The CO emission trend shows a decrease of emissions for period 1990 – 2012 by 57.77%.
Carbon monoxide emissions, total 160.71 Gg (2012), originates generally from the Energy
sector. Residential sector generates the biggest part of the total CO emissions – 71.03%.
NMVOC
The total emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds are 54.25 Gg in 2012 and
have decreased by 32.10% from 1990 to 2012. NMVOC emissions mainly are generated in
Solvents sector (Domestic solvent use including fungicides and Other product use) – 32% -,
and Energy sector (Residential stationary plants) – 31.31% in 2012.
2.3. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5, PM10, TSP)
PM emissions are shown in the Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2 Emissions of particulate matter in 2000-2012 (Gg)
PM emissions have an increasing trend from 2000 to 2012 (PM2.5 – 12.30%; PM10 – 22.30%, TSP
– 50.84%) and it is because of increased amount of used fuel. Almost all Particulate Matter
emissions are produced in Energy sector, especially Residential sector which is a key source
for particulate matter – PM2.5 is 74.38%, PM10 – 60.23% and TSP – 45.16% in year 2012
respectively. It is explained with large amounts of wood and wood wastes combusted in this
sector. An increase in emissions in 2004 can be explained with increased activities in Road
paving sector – in particular year VIA Baltica that connects the capitals of all Baltic States was
built.
2.4. HEAVY METALS (PB, CD, HG, AS, CR, CU, NI, SE, ZN)
Emissions of heavy metals are shown in the Figure 2.3.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Gg
PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Figure 2.3 Emissions of heavy metals in 1990-2012 (Mg)
Fluctuation of heavy metals emissions reflects changes in economical situation when country
had a transition from command economy to market economy. Since 2007, heavy metal
emissions have a decreasing trend with an exception of zinc and cadmium emissions that are
fluctuating. Most of zinc emissions are produced by combusting biomass and Zn emission
factor for biomass is higher than emission factors of other pollutants, therefore emissions of
zinc are remarkably high.
Figure 2.4 Lead emissions in 1990-2012 (Mg)
The most relevant changes in emissions of heavy metals can be seen in lead emissions (Figure
2.4). Comparing with year 1990 lead emissions have decreased by 96.18%. The most
significant decrease of lead emissions by 86.17% can be seen on year 1999 which can be
explained with changes in international legislation which prohibited to use liquid fuels with
high lead content. In 2012, the main source of lead was 1 A 3 b i – Road transport: Passenger
cars with 34.42% of total emissions.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Mg
(Zn
, Cu
, Ni)
Mg
Cr Cd Hg As Se Zn Cu Ni
0
10
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Mg
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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2.5. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (DIOX, PAHS, PCB, HCB)
PAH
The PAHs emissions are shown in the Figure 2.5. The PCB and HCB emissions are shown in the
Figure 2.6.
Figure 2.5 PAH emissions in 1990-2012 (Mg)
As it can be seen from Figure 2.5, since 1999 total PAH emissions slightly differ from
summarized benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-
cd)pyrene emissions. It is because of unavailability of segregated emission factors for each
pollutant for industrial waste incineration (consumed in Manufacturing and Construction
Industries for energy purposes), where emission factor only for total PAHs emissions can be
found. The difference in 1999-2012 is 0.1-2.6% between total PAHs and sum of particular
pollutants.
PAH emissions have decreased in 1990–2012 by 27.2%, although the trend in the time series
could be considered as stable with fluctuations in the beginning of 90-ties and in the recent
years which can be explained with changes in national economy and also weather conditions
which influenced the consumption of particular fuels. 81.45% from PAHs in 2012 are generated
in 1 A 4 b Residential sector and mainly in solid biomass combustion processes. It has to be
noted that PAHs emissions from solid biomass combustion in 1 A 4 b sector are estimated
using default Tier1 methodology and Tier1 emission factors from EMEP/EEA 2013. Amount of
solid biomass combusted in different types of combustion installation types are not available
yet. The PAHs emissions reported in Submission 2014 is assumed as potentially overestimated
as in the latest years more efficient small combustion installations are used in the households.
It is planned to use Tier 2 method and emission factors for next inventories as some studies
will be carried out. In 2014 a research on obtaining detailed data on households has been
started.
In 2012, 7.83% of PAHs emissions are reported as generated in on-site slash burning in the
forests (sector 7A). These emissions are potentially overestimated as there is no precise
information on burned amounts therefore the expert's assumption is used.
0
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Total 1-4 benzo(a) pyrene benzo(b) fluoranthene benzo(k) fluoranthene Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Figure 2.6 Emissions of HCB and PCB in 1990-2012 (kg)
HCB emissions have increased by 81.04% from 1990-2012. Emissions have slightly increased
because of an increasing use of wood and wood wastes consumption in stationary fuel
combustion sector. HCB emissions from stationary fuel combustion are estimated only from
solid fuels – coal and coke, and solid biomass combustion activities. 41.45% from HCB
emissions in 2012 are generated in 1 A 4 b Residential sector and mainly in solid biomass
combustion processes. As default Tier1 methodology and Tier1 emission factors from
EMEP/EEA 2013 are used in HCB emissions estimation the emissions are also potentially
overestimated. For detailed emissions estimation fuel combustion divided in used combustion
technology is needed so that Tier2 emission factors from EMEP/EEA 2013 would be possible
to use. In 2014 a research on obtaining detailed data on households has been started.
PCB emissions had decreased in 1990-2012 by 85.94%. In 2012, almost all PCB emissions are
produced in Energy sector, mainly in Manufacturing and Construction Industries (55.61% in
2012).
DIOX
The DIOX emissions from 1990-2012 is shown in Figure 2.7.
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
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Kg
HCB PCBs
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Figure 2.7 Emissions of DIOX in 1990-2012 (g I-Teq)
DIOX emissions have a fluctuating trend and it is connected with biomass combustion
processes. Approximately 95% emissions from all DIOX emissions are generated in the Energy
sector, but the biggest part from Energy sector emissions is generated in the Residential sector
(71.34% from total 2012 emissions).
Dioxins emission increase in 1990-1991 is explained with crisis in national economy when
country went through a total restructuring – consumption of imported liquid and solid fuels
decreased but consumption of solid biomass as in-country type of fuel increased.
Emission fluctuation in 1996-2000 is explained with fuel consumption decrease due to crisis
in neighbourhood Russian Federation and fluctuations of emissions from waste sector –
cremation. However, in year 2001 the consumption of solid fuels grew due to less use of liquid
fuels and use of biomass instead.
DIOX emission decrease in 2004-2005 can be explained with relatively high temperatures in
winter when there less biomass used, but emissions’ increase in 2008-2009 by 12.28% can
be explained with the increase of solid biomass consumption due to relatively low average
temperature in winter. Since 2010, DIOX emissions are increasing, mainly due to high
temperatures in winter. The DIOX emissions increase is affected by the same reasons as in the
beginning of 90ties – the crisis in national economy and the implemented measures to
decrease the financial problems in country – the increase of VAT and other taxes, increase of
prices, decrease of purchasing capacity of population. Also the global fuel market problems
that caused increase of fuel price and the implementation of EU ETS were some of the reasons
why companies switched their activities to in-country type of fuel use.
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Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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3. ENERGY SECTOR (NFR 1)
3.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
3.1.1 Quantitative overview
Both the imported (natural gas, liquid gas, oil and oil products, coal) and local fuels (wood,
peat, hydro resources) are used in the Energy sector in Latvia (Table 3.1). Mainly the imported
fuels (natural gas and heavy oil) are used in heat generation. Smaller boiler houses burn local
fuel and coal as well.
Table 3.1 Consumption of energy resources in Latvia (TJ)1,2
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Energy
consumption 304961 173149 147462 172269 180376 183961 176182 170724 184574 169039 170827
Shale oil 79 2440 157 118 118 79 39 39 79 39
Liquefied
petroleum
gas
3689 1548 2140 2550 2687 2414 2186 2003 2103 2414 3279
Gasoline and
aviation
gasoline
26796 18128 14831 15126 16753 18299 16672 13941 12667 11926 10146
Jet kerosene 3067 1166 1123 2463 2852 3414 4105 4297 4926 4925 5012
Other
kerosene 648 432 43
Diesel oil
(including
gasoil)
43000 17166 20693 32887 36371 41343 39133 36500 38994 35268 35182
Residual fuel
oil 63092 36134 9460 3167 2152 1624 1096 1421 1069 735 568
White spirits 84 84 126 126 126 84 84 42 40 42 42
Lubricants 1633 963 879 1088 1088 1088 1047 628 586 795 922
Bitumen 1633 712 2009 2512 3098 3349 3600 2218 1967 2930 2888
Paraffin
waxes 126 335 251 251 209 293 461 293 251
Petroleum
coke 429 627 132 165 627 0
Other liquids 2637 712 2553 209 1088 963 795 711 1005
Used oils 879 848 263 234 263 117 95 88 58
Liquid fuels,
total 147158 77124 56423 61897 67474 73313 69269 62375 64579 59495 58387
Coal 26098 7172 2761 3146 3409 4248 4248 3409 4378 4509 3645
Peat 3286 3838 2452 80 70 90 90 30 100 40 30
Peat
briquettes 867 403 31 1 1 6 6 3 4
1 CSB. Annual Eurostat Energy Questionnaire, 2013
2http://data.csb.gov.lv/Menu.aspx?selection=vide__Ikgad%C4%93jie%20statistikas%20dati__Ener%C4%A3%C4%93tika&tablelist=true&px_language=en&px_db=vide&rxid=cdcb978c-22b0-416a-aacc-aa650d3e2ce0
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Coke 290 211 290 188 161 107 134 134 80 80 161
Oil shale 28
Solid fuels,
total 30569 11624 5534 3414 3640 4446 4473 3579 4564 4632 3840
Natural gas 99653 42279 45635 56852 58892 56922 55814 51381 61313 54034 50806
Wood and
wood
products:
27581 42102 39695 49396 49748 48706 46018 52591 51354 46901 52503
firewood 34351 34257 33808 32696 36354 33993 29741 31665
wood
remains 8421 8102 7011 6129 7687 7829 8008 7922
wood chips 6134 6934 7361 6667 8112 8596 8221 9911
wood
briquettes 221 221 238 238 204 374 343 548
wood pellets 270 234 288 288 234 562 588 2457
Charcoal 60 30 45 60 60 60 60 59
Bioethanol 43 0 1 108 350 318 279
Biodiesel 107 60 73 82 73 808 749 659
Landfill gas 251 259 271 290 323 331 349 347
Other biogas 7 91 497 1731
Sewage
sludge gas 20 44 118 100 79 80 120 119 104 109
Straws 0 11 16 14 29 60 43 38
Biomass,
total 27581 42122 39739 49932 50251 49190 46545 53311 53173 49021 55725
Used tires 131 174 119 90 81 21 107 424
Municipal
wastes 57 838 1433 1756
Other fuels,
total 0 0 131 174 119 90 81 78 945 1857 2069
The use of natural gas as a primary energy resource has grown increasingly since middle of
the nineties. The largest consumers of natural gas are combined heat and power plant, and
heat generation enterprises as well as industrial enterprises.
Oil products have an important place in the Latvian energy resource market; their market share
is about 30.63% in 2012, including heavy fuel – residual fuel oil and shale oil, with about 0.32%
of total energy consumption. The residual fuel oil consumption has a significant decrease - in
1990 it was 20.81% from total fuel consumption, but in 2012 it is 0.30%. The significant
decrease of heavy oil share in energy balance is explained with implementation of the EU
Directive 1999/32/EC prescribing that sulphur content of heavy oil must not exceed 1%. The
biggest part from liquid fuel consumption contributes to gasoline and diesel oil with
approximately 78% from total liquid fuel consumption where gasoline is mostly consumed in
transport sector and only a small part is used in off-roads. Diesel oil consumption divides by
combusted in transport sector – 73.9%, and combusted in stationary combustion installations
– 26.1% from total diesel oil consumption.
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Total share of solid fuels in national market is quite low – approximately 2.01%. The solid fuel
consumption in last years is stable although the consumption had decreased by 87.07% since
1990. From 2009 to 2011 solid fuel consumption had increased by 29.42% that is mainly
explained with an increase of coal consumption, but in year 2011-2012 there can be seen a
decrease in emissions by 17.09% due to reduced use of coal.
Natural gas consumption has a stable place in total fuel consumption where natural gas
consumption is 32.86% in 1990 and 26.66% in 2012. Natural gas consumption has decreased
by 49.02% in 1990-2012. Recent years until 2011 the consumption of natural gas has an
increasing trend – from 2009 to 2010 even by 19.33%, but in 2010-2012 there can be seen a
decrease of natural gas by 17.14%.
Biomass fuels are wood and wood products, straw, charcoal and biofuels. In the total fuel
consumption the share of firewood and other wood products is quite substantial and has
reached its peak point 27.8% in 2010 by the side of 1990 when firewood consumption was
only about 9.1% from total energy consumption. However, in 2010-2011 the consumption of
wood and wood products dropped but in 2011-2012 it increased reaching 27.55% of all fuels
consumed.
In latest years liquid and gaseous biofuels are becoming more popular and from 0.056% in
2005 to 2012 their consumption has reached 0.49%. In latest years also such biomass fuels
as straws are used, and it has an increasing tendency with fluctuations, especially in year 2011,
which can mainly be explained with warm winter.
There are also used tires and municipal wastes used as fuel in the latest years, and the most
significant increase can be observed in year 2011 – comparing with year 2010 the consumption
of other fuels has increased by 96.51% and reached 1.10% from total share. However, in year
2012 the increase of other fuels consumed was not as rapid as in previous year, and the
increase in other fuels’ use in 2011-2012 was 11.42%, and the share of total fuel amount
consumed was 1.22% in 2012.
Hydroelectric power plants (HPP) and combined heat and power plants (CHP) produce part of
the electrical power, while part is imported (Table 3.2, Table 3.3). Volume of electricity
generation directly depends on the through-flow of the river Daugava. Also the import of
electricity from Russia, Estonia and Lithuania has a quite substantial role in the electricity
supply.
Table 3.2 Electricity and heat production and consumption in Latvia (TJ)3
Electricity
Production Own use and
losses Import Export
Final consumption
NFR 1A2 NFR 1A3 NFR 1A4 TOTAL
1990 16186 6883 25700 12798 11484 918 17550 29952
1991 11790 6682 15217 7 10807 785 17255 28847
1992 9076 5645 14688 7 8316 745 13777 22838
1993 10350 6102 9619 612 5440 688 10904 17032
1994 11898 6681 9533 2988 5076 670 10102 15848
3 http://data.csb.gov.lv/DATABASE/vide/Ikgadējie%20statistikas%20dati/Enerģētika/Enerģētika.asp
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Electricity
Production Own use and
losses Import Export
Final consumption
NFR 1A2 NFR 1A3 NFR 1A4 TOTAL
1995 10573 6372 9529 1408 5130 677 10267 16074
1996 6700 7989 12377 760 4975 641 9266 14882
1997 10634 7694 6566 4 5519 634 8935 15088
1998 15545 6559 3290 1382 5296 612 10310 16218
1999 9932 5774 9349 2311 5130 554 10375 16059
2000 10163 5202 7589 1159 5159 547 10411 16117
2001 10210 5688 8424 1645 5562 623 10314 16499
2002 8906 5188 10217 1764 5494 518 11563 17575
2003 8330 5065 9616 137 5778 490 12456 18724
2004 11369 4975 9839 2290 5882 500 13072 19454
2005 12139 4767 10278 2545 6120 533 13972 20625
2006 9878 4522 10116 1087 6332 540 15242 22114
2007 10030 4194 17870 7070 6538 504 16740 23782
2008 11405 4198 16715 7643 6066 497 17298 23861
2009 12625 4032 15333 9378 5421 436 16114 21971
2010 12848 4626 14303 11160 5724 453 16197 22374
2011 10649 4137 14432 9950 6012 446 15829 22287
2012 13756 3639 17766 11678 7175 464 17015 24654
Table 3.3 Heat production and consumption in Latvia (TJ) 4
Heat
Production Own use and losses Final consumption
NFR 1A2 NFR 1A4 TOTAL
1990 99439 15171 32929 51339 84268
1991 96120 16096 33394 46630 80024
1992 75442 10953 22632 41857 64489
1993 54846 9954 7154 37738 44892
1994 46822 7330 1998 37494 39492
1995 46112 8215 1969 35928 37897
1996 47137 8838 2046 36253 38299
1997 45721 8317 1976 35428 37404
1998 42872 8950 1940 31982 33922
1999 36191 8115 1162 26914 28076
2000 31867 6815 659 24393 25052
2001 33937 7038 641 26258 26899
2002 33048 6541 630 25877 26507
2003 33516 6409 626 26481 27107
2004 31093 6174 608 24311 24919
2005 31144 5886 684 24574 25258
2006 30056 5454 634 23968 24602
2007 28685 4911 554 23220 23774
2008 26402 4010 356 22036 22392
4 http://data.csb.gov.lv/DATABASE/vide/Ikgadējie%20statistikas%20dati/Enerģētika/Enerģētika.asp
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Heat
Production Own use and losses Final consumption
NFR 1A2 NFR 1A4 TOTAL
2009 26308 4099 298 21911 22209
2010 28662 4590 387 23685 24072
2011 25000 4104 268 20628 20896
2012 26857 4464 259 22134 22393
Types of fuels used for combustion in Latvia:
Liquid fuels are mainly imported from Latvia’s neighbour countries – Lithuania, Belarus,
Russian Federation, Norway and others and consist of:
shale oil;
liquefied petroleum gas;
motor gasoline and aviation gasoline;
kerosene type jet fuel;
other kerosene;
gasoline type jet fuel;
motor diesel oil and heating gas oil;
residual fuel oil;
other liquids:
used oils,
pyrolysis resin,
petroleum coke.
Solid fuels consist of coal and coke imported from Commonwealth of Independent States
(countries of former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and local fuels – peat and peat
briquettes that are mainly produced inside country but not imported;
Gaseous fuels (natural gas) are 100% imported from Russian Federation;
Biomass fuels:
solid biomass – wood and other wood products, charcoal, straw, is mainly produced
and used inside of the country,
methane obtained from biogas that is 100% produced inside of the country – landfill
gas that is used since 2002 when first landfill started to collect and combust biogas
with energy recovery, and sludge gas that is combusted with energy recovery since
1993 in one sewage purification plant, and also other biogases from anaerobic
fermentation,
liquid biofuels – biogasoline and biodiesel, that are mainly imported from Latvia’s
neighbourhood countries.
Other fuels are municipal wastes and industrial wastes – used tires, collected by and
combusted in cement production plant in Latvia.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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3.1.2 Description
Emissions from fuel combustion comprise all in-country fuel combustion, including point
sources, transport and other fuel combustion. Emissions from fuel combustion in the Energy
sector are divided into following subcategories:
1.A.1 Energy Industries;
1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction;
1.A.3 Transport – covers emissions from road transport, civil aviation, railways and
domestic navigation, as well as emissions from off-road machinery (NFR 1A2f ii, 1A4a
ii, 1A4b ii, 1A4c ii, 1A4c iii);
1.A.4 Other Sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential, Agriculture/Forestry/
Fisheries);
1.A.5 Other (Not elsewhere specified) – covers emissions from military machinery;
1.B Fugitive emissions from solid fuels, natural gas and oil.
3.2 STATIONARY FUEL COMBUSTION (NFR 1A1, 1A2, 1A4)
3.2.1 Sector overview
3.2.1.1 Source category description
This chapter includes stationary combustion plants and autoproducers plants.
1A1 Energy industries sectors include emissions from fuel combustion in point sources in
energy production including emissions from off–road. 1A1 sector also includes the emissions
from on-site use of fuel in the energy production facilities and emissions from manufacturing
of solid fuels (peat briquettes plant) – these emissions are reported under 1A1c Manufacture
of solid fuels and other energy industries sector. There is no petroleum refining in Latvia.
1A2 sector includes the emissions from on-site use of fuel in the industrial production
facilities (autoproducers) – these emissions are reported under particular sub-sectors of 1A2
according to IPCC 1996.
Under 1.A.2 f Other sector emissions from following industrial sectors are reported:
Non-Metallic Minerals
Transport Equipment
Machinery
Mining and Quarrying
Wood and Wood Products
Construction
Textiles and Leather
Non-specified (Industry)
Table 3.4 Source categories and methods for Stationary fuel combustion sectors
NFR code Description Method AD EF
1 A 1 a Public electricity and heat production Tier 1 NS5, PS6 D7, PS
5 National statistics
6 Plant specific (AD – data obtained from plant)
7 Default EF from EMEP/EEA 2013
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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NFR code Description Method AD EF
1 A 1 c Manufacture of solid fuels and other energy industries Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 a Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Iron and steel
Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 b Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Non-ferrous metals
Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 c Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Chemicals
Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 d Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Pulp, Paper and Print
Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 e Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Food processing, beverages and tobacco
Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 f i Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries and construction:
Other
Tier 1 NS, PS D
1 A 4 a i Commercial/Institutional Tier 1 NS, PS D
1 A 4 b i Residential Tier 1 NS D
1 A 4 c i Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing Tier 1 NS D
Table 3.5 Reported emissions in Stationary fuel combustion sectors in 2012
NFR code Emissions
1 A 1 a NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs, HCB, PCB
1 A 1 b NO
1 A 1 c NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs, HCB, PCB
1 A 2 a NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs, HCB, PCB
1 A 2 b NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs, HCB, PCB
1 A 2 c
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 2 d
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 2 e
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 2 f i
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 4 a i
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 4 b i
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
1 A 4 c i
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxins,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs,
HCB, PCB
3.2.1.2 Key sources
Stationary fuel combustion is a key source for SOx, NMVOC, CO, TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Hg, Cd, As,
Ni, Se, Zn, PCDDs, PAHs, PCBs and HCB emissions (Figure 3.1).
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Stationary combustion is the most important source for NMVOCs, CO, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, Hg,
Dioxins, PAHs and HCBs emissions.
Figure 3.1 Distribution of emissions in Stationary combustion by subsectors in 2012 (%)
NOx emissions generated in stationary fuel combustion sectors are 36.97% from total
emissions in 2012. The largest part – 8.04% of total NOx emissions are generated in 1A2f i
Other manufacturing industries and Construction sector, as well as in 1A4b i Residential sector
with 7.43% of total emissions.
SOx emissions from stationary fuel combustion were 68.46% from total SOx emissions in 2012,
and 1 A 2 sector was the most important with 31.24%. The SOx emissions from stationary fuel
combustion have lost the importance because of constant decrease of sulphur containing
fuels.
Stationary fuel combustion generated 43.04% NMVOC emissions of the total Latvia’s NMVOC
emissions in 2012 with residential sector as the most important with 31.31%. The most
important source for NMVOC emissions from stationary fuel combustion is solid biomass
combustion.
The largest part of NH3 emissions in stationary fuel combustion are produced in residential
sector – in 2012 there are produced 10.24% of total NH3 emissions. According to EMEP/EEA
2013, there are no emission factors for NH3 emission estimation in 1A1 sector, therefore
notation key NE in particular sector was used.
In 2012 stationary fuel combustion sectors accounted 80.95% of the total Latvia’s CO
emissions. Residential plants were the largest emission source accounting for 71.03% of total
Latvia’s CO emissions.
Stationary fuel combustion generated 88.42% of total Latvia’s PM2.5 emissions, 71.94% of the
Latvia’s total PM10 emissions and 54.02% of the Latvia’s total TSP emissions in 2012. Mainly
particulate matters are generated in biomass combustion.
In 2012 stationary fuel combustion accounted 96.11% of the Latvia’s total mercury emissions.
Mercury emissions from stationary fuel combustion are mainly emitted in solid fuels and
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO
x
NM
VO
C
SOx
NH
3
PM
2.5
PM
10
TSP
CO Pb
Cd
Hg
As Cr
Cu Ni
Se Zn
Dio
x
PA
Hs
HC
B
PC
Bs
1 A 1 Energy Industries 1 A 2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 1 A 4 Other sectors
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
36
biomass fuel combustion. Cadmium emissions from stationary fuel combustion account
97.92% from total emissions, and residential sector is the biggest producer of cadmium
emissions in stationary fuel combustion sector with 57.10% from total Cd emissions.
Stationary fuel combustion is main producer of POPs emissions – PCDDs, PAHs, HCB and PCBs.
For Submission 2014, HCB emissions only from solid fuels and solid biomass combustion were
estimated therefore residential sector is the largest sector of HCB emissions with 41.45% of
total stationary fuel combustion emissions. Solid biomass combustion is the main source of
PAHs emissions in 2012 therefore residential and other manufacturing industries are the
biggest emitters of PAHs emissions with 81.45% and 7.83% respectively. Stationary fuel
combustion is a key source with 94.17% for the PCDDs emissions where solid biomass and
solid fuels are the main emitters for the particular emissions.
3.2.1.3 Trends in emissions
Table 3.6 Trends in emissions from Stationary combustion sectors between 19908 and 2012
Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in 1990
-2012, %
NOx
Gg
46.14 23.48 15.08 14.44 14.25 12.56 13.03 -71.77
NMVOC 21.57 23.70 20.63 24.62 24.57 21.89 23.53 9.06
SOx 96.45 47.27 14.21 4.95 2.90 2.32 1.65 -98.29
NH3 1.66 2.51 2.28 2.72 2.71 2.41 2.63 58.11
PM2.5 NR NR 23.31 27.11 26.61 23.18 24.76 6.25
PM10 NR NR 24.04 27.93 27.44 23.91 25.55 6.27
TSP NR NR 25.39 29.47 28.94 25.22 26.95 6.13
CO 139.98 143.28 124.91 145.56 142.66 123.97 130.09 -7.07
Pb
Mg
4.32 2.14 1.49 1.75 1.91 1.83 1.86 -57.07
Cd 0.45 0.58 0.50 0.60 0.62 0.56 0.62 37.19
Hg 0.27 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 -70.17
As 0.31 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 -70.02
Cr 1.09 1.13 0.95 1.12 1.16 1.07 1.17 7.44
Cu 0.87 0.52 0.38 0.44 0.48 0.45 0.48 -44.49
Ni 8.76 5.34 1.53 0.74 0.40 0.36 0.33 -96.27
Se 0.37 0.28 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 -85.14
Zn 23.51 25.01 20.67 24.88 25.67 23.47 25.80 9.74
Dioxins g I-Teq 26.18 27.86 26.27 30.86 29.34 29.90 30.01 14.61
benzo(a) pyrene
Mg
4.89 4.42 3.72 4.35 4.26 3.70 3.82 -22.00
benzo(b)
fluoranthene 5.66 4.45 3.57 4.22 4.19 3.67 3.74 -34.00
benzo(k)
fluoranthene 2.20 1.69 1.35 1.59 1.58 1.38 1.40 -36.16
Indeno (1,2,3-cd)
pyrene 2.54 2.48 2.14 2.48 2.42 2.09 2.17 -14.71
Total PAHs 15.29 13.03 10.87 12.78 12.52 11.15 11.38 -25.62
HCB kg
0.19 0.25 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.30 58.81
PCBs 4.27 1.09 0.48 0.56 0.72 0.74 0.59 -86.12
The majority of total emissions from stationary fuel combustion has decreased in 1990-2012,
except for NMVOC, NH3, Cr, Zn, dioxins and HCB emissions. An increase in particular
emissions is directly related with the increased use of biomass in 1990-2012.
8 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
37
SOx had the biggest decrease in time period 1990–2012 by 98.29% (Table 3.6) and in 2011-
2012 SOx emissions have decreased by 28.76%. The emission decrease is explained with fuel
switch from heavy liquid fuels and solid fuels to natural gas and biomass use to cut the
increased costs of these fuels and to meet the commitments of EU ETS. The decrease of SOx
emissions from Energy industries sector in latest years is explained with the methodology
change when emissions were taken from national database “2-AIR” for 2005-2012 where all
air polluters have to report their emission data.
There is also a remarkable decrease in NOx emissions by 71.77%, that can be explained with
change in fuel types – solid fuels widely used previously were changed to biomass that has
lower NOx emission factor, therefore the emissions decreased.
NMVOC and NH3 emissions, however, have increased by 9.06% and 58.11% in 1990-2012,
accordingly, which is mainly because of increased use of biomass, especially in case of NH3
emissions which currently are calculated only from biomass burning processes in 1A2 and 1A4
sectors.
Particulate matter emissions constantly increased in 2000-2012 in total that is explained with
an increase of wood and wood products consumption in residential, commercial and
institutional combustion plants. Since 2005 particulate matters emissions have decreased due
to the decrease of total fuel consumption as well as with increase of natural gas consumption
in commercial and institutional buildings instead of wood and wood products consumption.
In 2008-2009 the particulate matters’ emissions again increased by little less than 12% due
to sharp increase of solid biomass consumption influenced by development of EU ETS sector
as well as by economical crisis that resulted in higher taxes (and total price) of other imported
types of fuels – diesel oil, natural gas, coal, that were introduced by the government to increase
total income in national economy. In 2011-2012 particulate matter emissions slightly
increased due to increase of biomass consumption.
The majority of heavy metal emissions have decreased by 44.49%–96.27% in 1990-2012.
Decrease of heavy metal emissions is explained with a decrease of total fuel consumption in
early 90-ties due to economical crisis in country. In the latest years heavy metal emissions
decreased due to fuel switch from heavy liquid and solid fuels to natural gas and biomass
consumption where heavy metal emissions are negligible, except for zinc that has the highest
emission factor of all heavy metals. All emissions in 2011-2012 have increased with an
exception of Ni emissions. It is also explained with the increase of solid biomass share in total
stationary combusted fuel consumption amount.
PAH emissions have decreased by 25.62% (total PAHs) in 1990-2012, HCB emissions increased
by 58.81% and PCDDs emissions increased by 14.61% in 1990-2012 that is explained with
sharp increase of solid biomass consumption. The decrease of PCBs emissions by 86.12% is
explained with solid fuels consumption decrease – solid fuels have significantly higher
emission factor than solid biomass therefore the decrease of first mentioned has a bigger
effect.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
38
3.2.2 Energy Industries (NFR 1A1)
3.2.2.1 Overview
1A1 Energy industries sector include emissions from fuel combustion in point sources in
energy production including emissions from off–road. Fuel consumption in autoproducer
combustion installations is excluded from this sector and included in particular sectors of 1A2,
1A4a and 1A4c sectors according to IPCC 1996.
Emissions from combustion installations with NACE 2 codes 35.11 and 35.30 are reported in
1A1a sector. There are no direct electricity production only plants in Latvia. There are no
petroleum reifneries in Latvia. 1A1 sector also includes the emissions from on-site use of fuel
in the energy production facilities and emissions from manufacturing of solid fuels (peat
briquettes and charcoal production plants) – these emissions are reported under 1A1c
Manufacture of solid fuels and other energy industries sector.
3.2.2.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.7 Trends in emissions from 1A1 Energy Industries sector between 19909 and 2012
Year Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx
Gg
10.72 6.34 4.42 4.07 3.50 3.10 3.03 -71.78
NMVOC 0.22 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 -37.28
SOx 36.99 23.12 7.14 2.16 0.78 0.36 0.35 -99.05
PM2.5 NR NR 0.56 0.69 0.80 0.75 0.88 56.94
PM10 NR NR 0.68 0.80 0.93 0.87 1.03 50.49
TSP NR NR 0.81 0.90 1.03 0.97 1.14 40.86
CO 2.60 1.39 1.56 1.76 2.04 1.90 1.90 -26.93
Pb
Mg
0.25 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.14 -45.05
Cd 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -78.31
Hg 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -63.39
Diox g I-Teq 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.29 0.34 84.89
PAHs Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 387.20
HCB kg
0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 -5.79
PCB 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1339.92
Almost all emissions from 1A1 sector have decreased in 1990-2012 with an exception of PAHs
and dioxins, as well as PCB emissions that can mainly be explained with decrease of liquid and
solid fuels consumption and increased use of biomass consumption in 1A1 sector.
NOx and SOx emissions for 1.A.1 sector are taken from national database “2-AIR” where all
polluters and combustors report their emission data therefore in the emission measuring the
best available technique is taken into account. Lasting decrease of emissions is explained with
high standards of physical characterization of fuels and fuel switching to the fuels with lower
costs and emissions – natural gas and biomass.
3.2.2.3 Methods
Tier 1 method was used to calculate emissions from the stationary fuel combustion.
Calculation of all emissions from fuel combustion is done with Excel databases developed by
experts from LEGMC.
9 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
39
The general method for preparing inventory data was used:
qBEFEm
where:
Em – total emissions (Gg)
EF – emission factor (t/TJ)
Bq – amount of fuel in thermal units (TJ)
For NFR 1A1a sector NOx and SOx emission data of 2005-2012 from combined heat and power
plants as well as heat production only plants are taken from database “2-AIR” where
enterprises that do any pollution activity and have A, B or C category pollution permits report
their emission data.
3.2.2.4 Emission factors
The main source for emission factors is EMEP/EEA 2013 (emission factors used for Energy
sector are presented in Annex I, Table 1).
SOx emissions factors were calculated by formula taken from IPCC Guidelines and were
calculated by national expert considering physical characterizations of types of fuels used in
Latvia and national and international legislation. Percentage amount of sulphur content in used
fuels is taken from national database “2-AIR” where polluters report the sulphur content data
for certain types of fuels (Annex I, Table 2).
Emission factors for SOx are calculated by using following equation.
100
100
100
10010
1
1002 6 nr
Q
s
where:
EF – emission Factor (kg/TJ)
2 – SO2 / S (kg/kg)
s – sulphur content in fuel (%)
r – retention of sulphur in ash (%)
Q – net calorific value (TJ/kt)
106 – (unit) conversion factor
n – efficiency of abatement technology and/or reduction efficiency (%).
The default emission factors used in emission estimations were taken from EMEP/EEA 2013
(Annex I). Emission factors for sludge gas were equalled to natural gas emission factors due
to unavailability of particular emission factors for sludge gas. Emission factors for biodiesel
were equalled to diesel emission factor.
3.2.2.5 Activity data
Mainly emissions from fuel combustion are calculated using fuel consumption data from the
CSB prepared within Annual questionnaires for 1990-2012 sent to EUROSTAT. In the
EUROSTAT tables fuel consumption mainly is in natural units (kt, millions m3) therefore net
calorific values provided by CSB are used to calculate fuel consumption into terajoules, except
for natural gas where NCVs are taken from the natural gas company as noted previously. Data
on fuel consumption in 1A1 sector are presented in Annex 5.
The CSB data collection system is based on detailed compulsory survey 2-EK (annual). Form
2-EK “Survey on acquisition and consumption of energy resources” is collected from about
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
40
5000 enterprises and organizations (with all kind of economic activity) that are included in the
lists of suppliers of statistical information.
Approximately 5000 respondents – all enterprises of the local governments regardless their
number of employed and other enterprises employing 80 and more persons – were surveyed.
Enterprises and organizations employing less than 80 persons were surveyed by the random
sampling and afterwards the acquired results were extrapolated. 2–EK represents the basic
tool for creating energy balances at a country level.
In Figure 3.2 Fuel consumption in 1.A.1 Energy Industries in 1990-2012 (PJ) there can be seen
fuel consumption by fuel types in 1990-2012. The largest amounts of fuel types consumed
are gaseous fuels in the whole time series and liquid fuels in the beginning of 1990-ties. The
amounts of biomass consumed are slightly increasing, while the amounts of solid fuels are
decreasing.
Figure 3.2 Fuel consumption in 1.A.1 Energy Industries in 1990-2012 (PJ)
The biggest decrease in time period 1990–2012 for the two sub-sectors of 1.A.1 Energy
industries sector was for liquid fuel due to significant decrease of fuel consumption in 1.A.1.a
subsector by 98.36%. It is explained with fuel switching processes when liquid fuels were
switched to other more low-cost fuels. Also stronger legislation contributed fuel switch to the
type of fuels with lower level of emissions. It also explains why consumption of solid fuels
decreased. However, in the latest years consumption of solid fuels have increased that is
explained with the increase of coal consumption in 1.A.1.a subsector by 400% in 2006-2012.
The increase of solid fuel consumption was promoted by increase of oil price in world when
coal combustion became cheaper than combustion of residual fuel oil and diesel oil.
Consumption of biomass fuel has increased by 1787.17% in 1990–2012. Solid biomass has
lower costs therefore liquid and solid fuels replaced with biomass and natural gas.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
PJ
Liquid Fuels Solid Fuels Gaseous Fuels Biomass
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
41
Figure 3.3 Fuel consumption in 1.A.1.a sector and average temperature in Latvia (2000-
2012) (PJ)
As it can be seen in Figure 3.3, the fuel consumption in 1.A.1.a sector is related with the
average temperature in heating season (assumed that October-April are average months of
heating season) with an exception of years 2006 where the correlation is not observed which
can be explained with a decrease of central heating supply consumers when they switched to
individual heating supply. Years 2006-2008 had quite high average temperature therefore the
fuel consumption for combined heat plants and heat plants for heat production decreased as
there wasn’t any need of high heat production amount but in 2009-2010 the average
temperature was lower and the use of fuel consumption increased. However in year 2011 the
fuel consumption decreased because of a relatively warm winter, and in year 2012 the
consumption of fuel continued to decrease despite the fall of average temperature.
3.2.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel combustion in 1.A.1 sector is ±2% in 2012. CSB gives
approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical data. According to CSB, as data are
obtained using information given by respondents, this number is a variation coefficient which
characterizes selection of respondents. Total variation coefficient for energy balance is within
2-3%. In Latvia all fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are imported and import and export
statistics are fairly accurate.
Uncertainty of activity data for solid biomass combustion was assigned as 15% because
biomass activity data were collected by CSB with questionnaires sent by enterprises consumed
biomass. Also, according to IPCC 2000, pg. 2.41, there is more uncertainty for biomass and
traditional fuels, that was a reason for higher uncertainty than for other fuel types. Uncertainty
of biogas stationary combusted in enterprises covered by 1.A.1 Energy Industries sector was
assumed rather low – 2% because the combusted fuel amount is obtained directly from
wastewater treatment plant that has precise measurement equipment for accounting of
combusted fuel. Still the methane percentage amount in combusted sludge gas is given
approximately by the wastewater treatment plant that’s why final uncertainty of combusted
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PJ
Energy consumption, PJ Average temperature
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
42
sludge gas is assumed as 20%. Total biomass fuel consumption uncertainty is assumed as 20%
taking into account uncertainties of solid biomass and biogas consumption.
Emission factor uncertainty is assumed as 50%.
3.2.2.7 QA/QC and verification
QA/QC check is performed with Tier 1 method from IPCC 2000 GPG. All findings were
documented by using check-lists and introduced in GHG inventory. All corrections are
archived.
There are several steps for activity data verification:
1) Activity data check at the data providing institution:
CSB has the internal QA/QC procedures based on mathematical model and analysis to
avoid logic mistakes.
2) Activity data checked at the institution responsible for the emission estimation and
reporting:
During the activity data input in emission estimation database done by sectoral expert
all the data changes are compared to previous inventory. The reasons of data changes
are explained.
After the data input in emission estimation database, the activity data is verified using
diagrams that is the best way to reflect all the illogical data fluctuations.
The activity data used in estimations is verified by CSB energy experts by checking the
data input reported in the IIR.
The emissions for CLRTAP emissions in the database are cross-checked with emissions
reported within UNFCCC convention to ascertain if these are equal.
3.2.2.8 Recalculations
Activity data were updated by CSB for wood consumption. Energy consumption less than 1 kt
was taken from Energy balance available on CSB on-line database. Slight changes in natural
gas GCV that influenced the amounts of gas consumed. Landfill gas previously reported in
1.A.1.a was allocated to 1.A.4.a sector. Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils petroleum
coke and other liquid fuels therefore the consumption changed divided by fuel types.
Emissions were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
3.2.2.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to use EU ETS data of consumed fuel.
3.2.3 Manufacturing Industries and Construction (NFR 1A2)
3.2.3.1 Overview
NFR 1A2 Manufacturing industries and construction sector include emissions from fuel
combustion in combustion installations for industrial production including emissions from
off–road. NRF 1A2 sector also includes the emissions from on-site use of fuel in the industrial
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
43
production facilities (autoproducers) – these emissions are reported under particular sub-
sectors of NFR 1A2 according to IPCC 1996.
Under NFR 1A2f Other sector emissions from following industrial sectors are reported:
Non-Metallic Minerals
Transport Equipment
Machinery
Mining and Quarrying
Wood and Wood Products
Construction
Textiles and Leather
Other non-specified (Industry).
3.2.3.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.8 Trends in emissions from 1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction sector
between 199010 and 2012
Year Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx
Gg
16.61 9.40 4.79 3.49 3.82 3.16 3.50 -78.95
NMVOC 1.62 1.43 1.30 2.21 3.47 3.91 4.43 173.77
SOx 23.15 14.88 4.36 1.11 0.95 0.89 0.75 -96.75
NH3 0.02 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.36 0.41 0.48 1995.51
PM2.5 NR NR 0.59 0.97 1.66 1.87 2.11 260.74
PM10 NR NR 0.60 1.00 1.71 1.92 2.17 263.04
TSP NR NR 0.62 1.05 1.79 2.01 2.28 267.08
CO 4.41 3.50 2.78 4.81 7.94 8.91 9.93 125.20
Pb
Mg
0.23 0.18 0.15 0.31 0.54 0.64 0.68 197.98
Cd 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.15 0.17 1475.68
Hg 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 10.24
Diox g I-Teq 0.43 0.44 2.14 3.12 2.82 7.26 6.28 1350.40
PAHs Mg 0.25 0.21 0.27 0.49 0.71 1.06 1.05 316.35
HCB kg
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.10 2275.54
PCBs 0.27 0.14 0.09 0.19 0.33 0.40 0.40 48.89
As it can be seen in Table 3.8, the most of emissions with an exception of NOx and SOx have
increased in 1990-2012 which can be explained with increased amounts of solid fuels and
biomass comparing to 1990/
Emissions from 1A2 are increasing in the latest years with a fluctuating trend in the last years.
The increase in 2000-ties were due to sharp development of nation economy and industry as
well as increase of demand of industrial production and improvement of well-being of
population. Increase of emissions are also caused by constant increase of solid fuels – coal,
and other fuels (used tires) consumption that mostly is combusted in mineral and steel
production industry. Decrease of emissions in 2007-2008 is influenced by the features of
national economy development when in-country industrial production already started to
decrease due to increase of costs of the production and dominance of imported products.
Crisis in national economy in the second half of 2008 also influenced a decrease of total
10 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
44
emissions. In year 2012 there can be seen an increase of all fuel types therefore the majority
of emissions have increased in 2011-2012.
3.2.3.3 Methods
Tier 1 method was used to calculate emissions from the stationary fuel combustion.
Calculation of all emissions from fuel combustion is done with Excel databases developed by
experts from LEGMC.
The general method for preparing inventory data was used:
qBEFEm
where:
Em – total emissions (Gg)
EF – emission factor (t/TJ)
Bq – amount of fuel in thermal units (TJ)
3.2.3.4 Emission factors
The main source for emission factors is EMEP/EEA 2013 (emission factors used for Energy
sector are presented in Annex I, Table 1).
SOx emissions factors were calculated by formula taken from IPCC Guidelines and were
calculated by national expert considering physical characterizations of types of fuels used in
Latvia and national and international legislation. Percentage amount of sulphur content in used
fuels is taken from national database “2-AIR” where polluters report the sulphur content data
for certain types of fuels (Annex I, Table 2).
Emission factors for SOx are calculated by using following equation.
100
100
100
10010
1
1002 6 nr
Q
s
where:
EF – emission Factor (kg/TJ)
2 – SO2 / S (kg/kg)
s – sulphur content in fuel (%)
r – retention of sulphur in ash (%)
Q – net calorific value (TJ/kt)
106 – (unit) conversion factor
n – efficiency of abatement technology and/or reduction efficiency (%).
The default emission factors used in estimation of emission were taken from EMEP/EEA 2013
(Annex I). Emission factors for biodiesel were equalled to diesel emission factor.
The municipal wastes consumption is reported in 1A2f, and the emission factors are taken
from Waste sector after In-depth review in 2013 where Energy expert suggested Latvia to use
emission factors from particular sector.
3.2.3.5 Activity data
Emissions from NFR 1.A.2 sector are calculated using fuel consumption data from the CSB
prepared within Annual questionnaires for 1990-2012 sent to EUROSTAT. The data collection
system for 1.A.2 sector is the same as for 1.A.1 sector. Data on fuel consumption in 1.A.2
sector are presented in Annex V.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
45
Autoproducers data prepared by CSP are taken into account calculating emissions from NFR
1.A.2 sector according to IPCC 1996.
Only gasoline combustion is reported as off-roads in 1.A.2 sector. It is sure that diesel oil is
also consumed as off-roads but for now it is not possible for CSB and LEGMC to divide the
consumption between fuel combusted stationary and filled in technological vehicles. Due to
that all diesel oil reported in the sector is estimated as combusted stationary.
Figure 3.4 Fuel consumption in 1.A.2 Manufacturing industries and construction in 1990–
2012 (PJ)
All fuel types with an exception of biomass fuels have decreased in 1990-2012 (Figure 3.4)
when liquid fuels had the biggest decrease in time period by 90.50%. It is explained with fuel
switching processes when liquid fuels were switched to other lower costing fuels. Also stronger
legislation contributed fuel switching to the type of fuels with lower level of emissions.
Decrease of natural gas reflects the total decrease of industrial production if comparing with
1990.
After the crisis in the beginning of 90-ties natural gas consumption steadily increased with
some small exceptions due to fuel switch processes and development of national economy.
The consumption of solid fuels (mainly coal) have been decreasing in 1990-2003 with an
exception of 1993-1994, mainly due to increased use of coal in Construction and Textiles and
Leather sectors. Solid fuels consumption rapidly were growing by 436.97% since 2003 until
2008 and decreased in 2009 by 29.71% due to crisis in national economy. However, starting
from 2009, the consumption of solid fuels has grown by 55.77% until year 2012. The increase
of solid fuel consumption was promoted by the increase of oil price overall the world when
coal combustion was cheaper than combustion of residual fuel oil and diesel oil. The increase
in Latvia is also explained with the development of mineral production sector – cement
production – where coal are consumed.
Consumption of biomass fuel has increased very significantly – by 1994.17% in 1990–2012
with some fluctuations in 2000-2008. Lower costs of solid and liquid biomass free and large
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
PJ
Liquid Fuels Solid Fuels Gaseous Fuels Biomass Other Fuels
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
46
availability of the fuel in-country as well as development of EU ETS were the main reason for
liquid and solid fuels replacement with biomass and natural gas.
Consumption of used tires (information collected from „CEMEX”, the only company which
combusts used tires) and municipal wastes in Mineral production (information taken from
„CEMEX”, the only company which combusts municipal waste for energy purposes) reported
as Other Fuels had increased in 1999-2012 by 5534.94% (2.032 PJ) and continue to increase
year by year. Comparing with 2011, the consumption of wastes has increased by 11.42% in
2012. The increase was influenced by a sharp increase of cement production that was caused
by increasing demand of construction materials and sharp development of construction sector.
3.2.3.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel combustion in 1.A.2 sector is ±2% in 2012. CSB gives
approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical data. According to CSB, as data are
obtained using information given by respondents, this number is a variation coefficient which
characterizes selection of respondents. Total variation coefficient for energy balance is within
2-3%. In Latvia all fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are imported and import and export
statistics are fairly accurate.
Uncertainty of activity data for solid biomass combustion was assigned as 15% because
biomass activity data were collected by CSB with questionnaires sent by enterprises consumed
biomass. Also, according to IPCC 2000, pg. 2.41, there is more uncertainty for biomass and
traditional fuels, that was a reason for higher uncertainty than for other fuel types.
Uncertainty of other fuels consumption – municipal and industrial wastes used in mineral
production is assumed also low – 2% as the activity data is obtained from only one producer within
EU ETS therefore the data is verified by accredited verifier and Regional Environmental Board.
Emission factor uncertainty is assumed as 50%
3.2.3.7 QA/QC and verification
QA/QC check is performed with Tier 1 method from IPCC 2000 GPG. All findings were
documented by using check-lists and introduced in GHG inventory. All corrections are
archived.
There are several steps for activity data verification:
1) Activity data check at the data providing institution:
CSB has the internal QA/QC procedures based on mathematical model and analysis to
avoid logic mistakes.
2) Activity data checked at the institution responsible for the emission estimation and
reporting:
During the activity data input in emission estimation database done by sectoral expert
all the data changes are compared to previous inventory. The reasons of data changes
are explained.
After the data input in emission estimation database, the activity data is verified using
diagrams that is the best way to reflect all the illogical data fluctuations.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
47
The activity data used in estimations is verified by CSB energy experts by checking the
data input reported in the IIR.
The emissions for LRTAP emissions in the database are cross-checked with emissions
reported within UNFCCC convention to ascertain if these are equal.
3.2.3.8 Recalculations
Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils, petroleum coke and other liquid fuels, therefore
changed their NCVs in the whole time series that influenced the consumption of fuels when
calculating consumption in kt to TJ. Natural gas - slight changes in GCV from 37.359 to 37.358
which slightly influenced the consumption of gas used in all subsectors. Slight changes in
1.A.2.a-1.A.2.e sectors generally due to addition of Energy balance data (less than 1 kt) for
several fuels, such as diesel oil and coal (mainly in 2010, 2011). In 1.A.2.f sector activity data
changes for LPG, coal, peat, diesel oil due to addition of Energy balance data. Corrections of
activity data for industrial wastes, where information was precised by the company which
consumes the specific fuel type. Consumed amounts of oil shale in 1990 were added.
Emissions from were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
3.2.3.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to use EU ETS data for consumed fuel.
3.2.4 Other sectors (NFR 1A4)
3.2.4.1 Overview
NFR 1A4 Other Sectors include emissions from the small combustion of fuels in
Commercial/Institutional Residential sectors and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries. Also
emissions from autoproducers are included in relevant sectors of NFR 1A4 as it is stated that
emissions have to be reported in sector they are produced.
Emissions from mobile machinery used in Commercial (NFR 1A4a ii), Residential (NFR 1A4b ii)
and Agriculture/Forestry (1A4c ii) and Fishery (1A4c iii) sectors are reported as off-road under
Transport chapter.
3.2.4.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.9 Trends in emissions from 1A4 Other sectors between 199011 and 2012
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx 18.81 7.73 5.87 6.88 6.93 6.30 6.50 -65.42
NMVOC 19.74 22.14 19.21 22.28 20.96 17.85 18.97 -3.92
SOx 36.30 9.27 2.72 1.68 1.17 1.06 0.54 -98.50
NH3 1.64 2.42 2.18 2.52 2.35 1.99 2.15 31.16
PM2.5 NR NR 22.16 25.45 24.16 20.57 21.76 -1.77
PM10 NR NR 22.76 26.13 24.80 21.12 22.34 -1.81
TSP NR NR 23.96 27.52 26.12 22.24 23.52 -1.82
CO 132.97 138.38 120.57 138.99 132.68 113.16 118.25 -11.07
Pb 3.84 1.78 1.21 1.33 1.25 1.08 1.03 -73.10
11 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
48
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
Cd 0.38 0.51 0.44 0.51 0.47 0.40 0.44 13.27
Hg 0.20 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 -83.54
Diox 25.57 27.25 23.91 27.49 26.22 22.35 23.39 -8.53
PAHs 15.04 12.83 10.60 12.29 11.80 10.09 10.32 -31.40
HCB 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.17 14.00
PCBs 4.00 0.95 0.38 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.17 -95.68
Almost all emissions have decreased in 1990-2012 1A4 Other Sectors that is explained with
changes and redistribution of structure of national economy as well as with significant
decrease of fuel consumption in the sector. Increase of emissions in 2008–2009 is explained
with development of national economy and well-being of population. But in years 2009-2010
there can be seen a decrease in emissions, which can be explained with consequences caused
by crisis. The emissions are also affected by weather conditions and increase of individual
heating supply consumers in 1A4b Residential sector. The increase of gaseous fuels
consumption, steady biomass fuel consumption and increase of peat consumption caused the
increase of all emissions with the exception of SOx and PCBs emissions. Also high costs of
liquid fuels and increase of natural gas prices in Latvia have caused the situation when
previously used fuels had switched to biomass.
3.2.4.3 Methods
Tier 1 method was used to calculate emissions from the stationary fuel combustion.
Calculation of all emissions from fuel combustion is done with Excel databases developed by
experts from LEGMC.
The general method for preparing inventory data was used:
qBEFEm
where:
Em – total emissions (Gg)
EF – emission factor (t/TJ)
Bq – amount of fuel in thermal units (TJ)
3.2.4.4 Emission factors
The main source for emission factors is EMEP/EEA 2013 (emission factors used for Energy
sector are presented in Annex I, Table 1).
SOx emissions factors were calculated by formula taken from IPCC 1996 and were calculated
by national expert considering physical characterizations of types of fuels used in Latvia and
national and international legislation. Percentage amount of sulphur content in used fuels is
taken from national database “2-AIR” where polluters report the sulphur content data for
certain types of fuels (Annex I, Table 2).
Emission factors for SOx are calculated by using following equation.
100
100
100
10010
1
1002 6 nr
Q
s
where:
EF – emission Factor (kg/TJ)
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
49
2 – SO2 / S (kg/kg)
s – sulphur content in fuel (%)
r – retention of sulphur in ash (%)
Q – net calorific value (TJ/kt)
106 – (unit) conversion factor
n – efficiency of abatement technology and/or reduction efficiency (%).
The default emission factors used in estimation of emission were taken from EMEP/EEA 2013
(Annex I). Emission factors for landfill gas were equalled to natural gas emission factors due
to unavailability of particular emission factors for sludge gas. Emission factors for biodiesel
were equalled to diesel emission factor.
3.2.4.5 Activity data
Emissions from 1A4 sector werecalculated using fuel consumption data from the CSB prepared
within Annual questionnaires for 1990-2012 sent to EUROSTAT. The data collection system
for 1A4 sector is the same as for 1A1 and 1A2 sectors. Data for 1A4b sector were obtained by
CSB with household surveys done once in 5 years and using extrapolation for the years in
between.
Autoproducers data prepared by CSB were taken into account into the calculation of the
emissions from 1A4 sector according to IPCC 1996.
Only gasoline combustion is reported as off-roads in 1A4 sector. It is sure that diesel oil is
also consumed as off-roads but for now it is not possible for CSB and LEGMC to divide the
consumption between fuel combusted stationary and filled in technological vehicles. Due to
that all diesel oil reported in the sector is estimated as combusted stationary, with an
exception of Fisheries, where it is assumed that all diesel is consumed for off-road use.
Figure 3.5 Fuel consumption in 1.A.4 Other sectors in 1990–2012 (PJ)
The biggest decrease in 1990-2012 was for solid fuel consumption – 95.73% and liquid fuels
consumption – 71.79% (Figure 3.5). It is explained with fuel switching processes when solid
and liquid fuels were changed to other less costing fuels. Also stronger legislation contributed
fuel switching to the type of fuels with lower level of emissions.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
PJ
Liquid fuels Solid fuels Gaseous fuels Biomass
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Since 1990 biomass as a fuel dominates in Other Sectors. The biggest part of solid biomass
consumption goes to Residential sector where biomass is the main fuel in small capacity
burning installations. Consumption of biomass fuel has increased substantially by 27.53% in
1990–2012 in Other Sectors.
Since 1997 gaseous fuel consumption is constantly increasing until 2007. These are types of
fuels with lower costs to whom liquid and solid fuels were switched. Fuel consumption increase
in Other Sectors is strongly linked to fuel consumption decrease in Energy industries when
central heating supply consumers switched to individual heating supply. In the latest years
fluctuations of gaseous fuel are observed. The consumption of gaseous fuel decreased by
12.50% in 2010-2011, and increased by 1.49% in 2011-2012.
Figure 3.6 Fuel consumption in 1.A.4.b and average temperature in Latvia (2003-2012)
As it can be seen in Figure 3.6, the fuel consumption in 1.A.4 sector is related with the average
temperature in heating season (assumed that October-April are average months of heating
season) with an exception of years 2005-2007 which can be explained with a decrease of
central heating supply consumers when they switched to individual heating supply. Years
2007-2008 had quite high average temperature therefore the amounts of fuel consumed
decreased. In years 2009-2010 the average temperature decreased significantly, but the fuel
consumption was less than expected due to negative effect of financial crisis. In year 2011 the
average temperature increased rapidly if compared with year 2010, and the amounts of fuel
consumed decreased by 12.65%. However, in year 2012 the temperature decreased again and
fuel consumption increased by 4.52% - less than expected due to extensive heat isolation of
residential buildings as well as increase of fuel price that forced people save fuel.
3.2.4.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel combustion in 1.A.4 sector is ±2% in 2012. CSB gives
approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical data. According to CSB, as data are
obtained using information given by respondents, this number is a variation coefficient which
characterizes selection of respondents. Total variation coefficient for energy balance is within
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PJ
1.A.4.a 1.A.4.b 1.A.4.c Average temperature
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
51
2-3%. In Latvia all fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are imported and import and export
statistics are fairly accurate.
Uncertainty of activity data for solid biomass combustion was assigned as 15% because
biomass activity data were collected by CSB with questionnaires sent by enterprises consumed
biomass. Also, according to IPCC 2000, pg. 2.41, there is more uncertainty for biomass and
traditional fuels, that was a reason for higher uncertainty than for other fuel types. Uncertainty
of biogas stationary combusted in enterprises covered by 1.A.4.a Commercial / Institutional
sector was assumed rather low – 2% because the combusted fuel amount is obtained directly
from wastewater treatment plant that has precise measurement equipment for accounting of
combusted fuel. Still the methane percentage amount in combusted sludge gas is given
approximate by the wastewater treatment plant that’s why final uncertainty of combusted
sludge gas is assumed as 20%. Taking into account uncertainties of solid biomass and biogas
consumption total biomass fuel consumption uncertainty is assumed as 20%.
Uncertainty of activity data for solid biomass combustion was assigned as 15% because
biomass activity data were collected by CSB with questionnaires sent by enterprises consumed
biomass. As fuel consumption in 1.A.4.b Residential sector is obtained only every 5 years using
questionnaire and data are extrapolated until the next survey, therefore the uncertainty of all
fuel consumption in residential sector is assumed 50%.
Emission factor uncertainty is assumed as 50% for 1A4a I and 1A4c I sectors, and 100% for
1A4b I sector.
3.2.4.7 QA/QC and verification
QA/QC check is performed with Tier 1 method from IPCC 2000 GPG. All findings were
documented by using check-lists and introduced in GHG inventory. All corrections are
archived.
There are several steps for activity data verification:
1) Activity data check at the data providing institution:
CSB has the internal QA/QC procedures based on mathematical model and analysis to
avoid logic mistakes.
2) Activity data checked at the institution responsible for the emission estimation and
reporting:
During the activity data input in emission estimation database done by sectoral expert
all the data changes are compared to previous inventory. The reasons of data changes
are explained.
After the data input in emission estimation database, the activity data is verified using
diagrams that is the best way to reflect all the illogical data fluctuations.
The activity data used in estimations is verified by CSB energy experts by checking the
data input reported in the IIR.
The emissions for CLRTAP emissions in the database are cross-checked with emissions
reported within UNFCCC convention to ascertain if these are equal.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
52
3.2.4.8 Recalculations
Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils, petroleum coke and other liquid fuels, therefore
changed their NCVs in the whole time series that influenced the consumption of fuels when
calculating consumption in kt to TJ. Natural gas - slight changes in GCV from 37.359 to 37.358
which slightly influenced the consumption of gas used in all subsectors. Input mistake in coal
consumption (1.A.4.a; 2001), straw consumption and CO2 emissions (1.A.4.a; 2006-2010),
wood consumption (2008). Corrected activity data provided by CSB for coal (2011). Data from
Energy balance (less than 1 kt) added for LPG, RFO (2010, 2011). The consumption of jet fuel
was allocated from 1.A.5.b sector (1.A.4.c) for years 1995-2000. Diesel used for fishing was
changed from stationary to mobile offroad (boats) after experts assumption that all diesel
used could be considered as used for offroads.
Emissions from were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
3.2.4.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to investigate amounts of fuel used for fishing (off-road purposes) with
collaboration with CSB.
More detailed activity data by technology types for Residential sector is planned to be obtained
as Residential sector is a key source. In 2014 a research on obtaining detailed data on
households has been started.
3.3 TRANSPORT (NFR 1A3, NFR 1A5)
3.3.1 Sector overview
3.3.1.1 Source category description
Transport sector is a major contributor to national NOx and Pb emissions in 2012. The sector
includes civil aviation, road transport, railways, domestic navigation and off-road transport as
well. Road Transport includes all transportation types of vehicles on roads: passenger cars,
light duty vehicles, buses, heavy-duty vehicles and motorcycles and mopeds. It does not cover
farm and forest tractors driving occasionally on the roads because these are included in “Other
sectors” as off–roads (NFR 1A2f ii, 1A4a ii, 1A4b ii, 1A4c ii). Railway Transport includes railway
transport operated by diesel locomotives. Civil Aviation includes helicopters, airplanes with
turbojet engine and airplanes with piston engines. Military aircrafts are included in Other (NFR
1A5b). Domestic Navigation compromises for miscellaneous vessels (tugs, barges, towboats,
icebreakers), recreational crafts and personal boats. However, emissions from fishing boats
are included in NFR 1A4c iii sector.
Table 3.10 shows the methods and source for activity data and emission factors used for
emission calculating in Transport sector. Table 3.11 shows list of pollutants which are
produced in Transport sector.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
53
Table 3.10 Source categories and methods for Transport sector
NFR code Description Method AD EF
1 A 3 a Civil aviation Tier 1, 2 NS12 D
1 A 3 b Road transport Tier 3 NS D
1 A 3 c Railways Tier 1 NS D
1 A 3 d Waterborne navigation Tier 1 NS D
1 A 3 e Pipeline compressors Tier 1 NS D
1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in manufacturing industries and construction Tier 1 NS D
1 A 4 a ii Commercial/industrial land based mobile machinery Tier 1 NS D
1 A 4 b ii Residential: household and gardening land based machinery Tier 1 NS D
1 A 4 c ii Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: off-road vehicles and other machinery Tier 1 NS D
1 A 4 c iii National fishing Tier 1 NS D
1 A 5 b ii Military aviation, navigation Tier 1 NS D
Table 3.11 Reported emissions in Transport sector in 2012
NFR code Emissions
1 A 2 f ii NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, Total PAHs
1 A 3 a ii (i) NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO
1 A 3 a i (i) NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO
1 A 3 b i NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, diocines,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, total PAHs
1 A 3 b ii NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn
1 A 3 b iii NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn
1 A 3 b iv NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn
1 A 3 b v NA, NE
1 A 3 b vi PM2.5, PM10, TSP
1 A 3 b vii PM2.5, PM10, TSP
1 A 3 c NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, total PAHs
1 A 3 d i (ii) NA
1 A 3 d ii NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, total PAHs
1 A 3 e IE
1 A 4 a ii NOx, NMVOC, NH3, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, Total PAHs
1 A 4 b ii NOx, NMVOC, NH3, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, Total PAHs
1 A 4 c ii NOx, NMVOC, NH3, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, Total PAHs
1 A 5 b NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn, dioxines, HCB,
PCB
12 National Statistics
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
54
3.3.1.2 Key sources
Figure 3.7 Distribution of emissions in Transport sector by subsectors in 2012 (%)
The biggest part of Transport emissions take up Road Transport, then follows Railways and
off-road emissions (Figure 3.7). The only exception is SOx emissions where railway is the main
source of emissions. Civil aviation and domestic navigation contribute a very small part of
transport emissions.
3.3.1.3 Trends in emissions
Figure 3.8 Fuel consumption in Transport sector in 2011 and 2012 (TJ)
In 2012, total fuel consumption in the transport sector, compared to 2011 level, has decreased
by 4 % points (Figure 3.8). In different subsectors various changes have taken place in 2012. In
domestic civil aviation the fuel consumption has increased 3 times, whereas in the road transport
it has decreased by 4.5 % points. In the railway the fuel consumption has increased by 5.7 %
points, but in domestic navigation it has decreased by 19% points. In total, road transport
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO
x
NM
VO
C
Sox
NH
3
PM
2.5
PM
10
TSP
CO Pb
Cd
Hg
As Cr
Cu Ni
Se Zn
Dio
xin
es
PA
Hs
HC
B
PC
Bs
Aviation Road transport Railways Navigation Off-road
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
2011 2012 2011 2012
Liquid fuel Biomass
TJ
Aviation Road transport Railways Navigation Off-road
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
55
consumes about 91%, railway – about 8.9% and domestic civil aviation and domestic navigation
– the remaining share of fuel.
Diesel oil is the major fuel type in the transport sector and it constitutes 67.7 %, and is followed
by gasoline – 25.3 %, but LPG constitutes 4.8% and biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) 2.1% of
the total fuel consumption in the transport sector. A share of biofuels has decreased from 2.3%
in year 2011 up to 2.1% in year 2012.
Table 3.12 Trends in emissions from Transport sector between 199013 and 2012
Pollutant Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in 1990-
2012, %
NOx Gg 34.15 23.63 22.82 23.66 18.67 16.99 16.36 -52.10
NMVOC Gg 27.39 16.70 12.38 8.23 4.79 4.46 4.30 -84.32
SOx Gg 1.29 0.81 0.51 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.30 -76.45
NH3 Gg 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.25 0.27 0.26 0.23 1430.47
PM2.5 Gg NR NR 0.90 1.28 0.99 0.82 0.81 -9.97
PM10 Gg NR NR 1.33 1.58 1.19 0.99 0.97 -27.07
TSP Gg NR NR 0.60 0.82 0.83 0.75 0.72 21.39
CO Gg 233.39 132.77 81.11 51.25 28.79 27.87 26.59 -88.61
Pb Mg 91.66 58.18 4.58 2.08 1.89 1.75 1.53 -98.33
Cd Mg 0.0108 0.0078 0.0080 0.0112 0.0121 0.0107 0.0101 -6.57
Hg Mg 0.0009 0.0010 0.0007 0.0007 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 -70.50
As Mg 0.0012 0.0013 0.0009 0.0009 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 -70.50
Cr Mg 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.19 0.17 0.16 1.87
Cu Mg 4.07 2.98 3.22 4.52 4.88 4.30 4.10 0.71
Ni Mg 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 -21.66
Se Mg 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 -16.89
Zn Mg 1.77 1.31 1.39 1.98 2.18 1.92 1.82 2.48
Dioxines g I-Teq 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 -0.80
PAHs Mg 0.052 0.034 0.038 0.059 0.072 0.061 0.058 11.53
HCB kg 0.0024 0.0026 0.0018 0.0018 0.0010 0.0010 0.0007 -70.50
PCBs kg 0.0011 0.0013 0.0008 0.0009 0.0005 0.0005 0.0003 -70.50
Generally the largest part of emissions have decreased in 1990-2012 (Table 3.12) with an
exception of NH3, CR, CU and PAHs. NH3 emissions are likely to increase due to the increasing
number of vehicles equipped with catalytic systems for combustion gas treatment. However,
the amounts of ammonia produced in Transport sector are very small, that the significant
increase in Transport sector has no impact on national total NH3 emissions.
3.3.2 Civil aviation (NFR 1A3a)
3.3.2.1 Overview
Civil aviation includes emissions both from national and international aviation LTO cycles. This
category does not include military aviation, and it is reported under 1A5b sector. In Latvia civil
aviation constitutes a small part of total emissions therefore it is not considered as a key
source. The aviation gasoline is mainly used by small-sized propeller planes but jet kerosene
is used by airplanes with turbo jets and turbo props engines.
13 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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3.3.2.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.13 Trends and emissions in Civil aviation
Year NOx NMVOC SOx CO PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Gg
1990 0.51 0.05 0.05 0.26 NR NR NR
1995 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.09 NR NR NR
2000 0.19 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 NE
2005 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.00 NE
2010 0.28 0.02 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 NE
2011 0.30 0.02 0.03 0.43 0.00 0.00 NE
2012 0.28 0.02 0.03 0.41 0.00 0.00 NE
Change in 1990-
2012, % -44.61 -66.51 -48.23 54.03 IE 140.1 NE
Different trend tendencies during the time span 1990 - 2012 have to be noted for emissions
in civil aviation. Up to year 2005 mostly all emissions have declined due to decreasing of
activities in civil aviation (number of flights and fuel consumption). After year 2005 it is in
place a small increasing of emissions due to rather rapid development of international flights.
3.3.2.3 Methods
EMEP/CORINAIR 2009 Guidelines Tier 1 approaches have been applied. Tier 1 approach with
split in LTO and cruise cycles has been applied for jet kerosene emission calculation for time
period 2004-2012. Tier 1 approach has been applied for aviation gasoline emission
calculation.
3.3.2.4 Emission factors
Default emission factors for Civil aviation are taken from EMEP/CORINAIR methodology and
are presented in Table 3.14.
Table 3.14 Emission factors used in the calculation of emissions from Civil aviation (Gg/PJ)
NOx CO NMVOC SO2 PM
Aviation
petrol 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.023 10
Using Tier 1 approach for jet kerosene, emissions for LTO (landing/take off) and cruise are
calculated individually. Prior to the emission calculation, representative aircraft type was
chosen, for which the fuel consumption and emission data exist in the EMEP/CORINAIR
Guidebook (2009).
3.3.2.5 Activity data
The data about fuel consumption in aviation is derived from the CSB. CSB has started to collect
data as of year 2006 (Figure 3.9). For the time period 1990 – 2005 and for aviation gasoline
consumption the data is used from the study (FEI, 200414). For 2004 onwards, the air flight
statistics is provided by the Riga International Airport.
14 “Research on fuel consumption by domestic aviation and private boats in domestic navigation”
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
57
Figure 3.9 Fuel consumption in Civil aviation (TJ)
3.3.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption for time period 2006 – 2012 is ±2% in 2012.
CSB gives approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical data. For the rest of time
period uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption is ±20%.
3.3.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
3.3.2.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
3.3.2.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
.3.3. Road transport (NFR 1A3b)
3.3.3.1 Overview
Road transport is producing the greatest part of emissions in Transport sector (Figure 3.7). In
the source category there are passenger cars, light and heavy duty vehicles as well as mopeds
and motorcycles. In the source category emissions also from Gasoline evaporation,
Automobile road abrasion and Automobile tyre and brake wear are calculated.
3.3.3.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.15 Trends and emissions in Road transport
NOx NMVOC SOx NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd PCDD/
PCDF PAHs
Gg Mg g I-Teq Mg
1990 24.22 22.18 0.36 0.01 NR NR NR 188.55 82.86 0.01 0.48 0.04
1995 17.82 16.00 0.28 0.04 NR NR NR 129.38 57.72 0.01 0.48 0.03
2000 18.27 11.47 0.29 0.08 0.77 0.97 0.45 74.92 4.54 0.01 0.48 0.03
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
TJ
Gasoline Jet kerosine
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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NOx NMVOC SOx NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd PCDD/
PCDF PAHs
2005 18.41 7.10 0.09 0.25 1.13 1.42 0.65 43.28 2.03 0.01 0.47 0.05
2010 14.22 3.77 0.02 0.27 0.86 1.05 0.69 21.28 1.85 0.01 0.48 0.07
2011 12.14 3.21 0.02 0.26 0.68 0.84 0.60 18.36 1.70 0.01 0.48 0.05
2012 11.87 3.12 0.02 0.23 0.67 0.83 0.58 17.85 1.48 0.01 0.47 0.05
Change in
1990-
2012, %
-50.99 -85.94 -95.72 1581.2 -12.36 -14.32 27.02 -90.53 -98.21 4.58 -0.23 36.22
In the road transport all main emissions have decreased in time period 1990 – 2012 with an
exception of NH3. NH3 emissions are likely to increase due to the increasing number of vehicles
equipped with catalytic systems for combustion gas treatment. The main reason for decrease
of emissions is steady improvement of cars‘technologies.
When analyzing the development of emissions in road transport in 2012 following trends could
be mentioned:
NOx and SOx emissions have decreased comparing with year 2011 by 2.3% and 6,4%
points corresponding. The main reason is decreasing of fuel consumption, however NOx
emission reduction is partly due to increasing share of EURO3 and EURO 4 and EURO 5
class cars;
If the main driving forces in decreasing of NOx emissions in road transport is penetration
of new technologies (EURO3, EURO4 and EURO5 classes) in total stock of cars, then
improvement of fuel quality is the main factor in decreasing SOx emissions in road
transport;
NMVOC emissions have decreased by 2.7 % points compare with year 2011 mainly due
to decrease of gasoline consumption;
The main sources of NOx emissions are heavy duty vehicles (HDV) 58.7 % followed by
passenger cars 32.0 %;
The main sources of NMVOC emissions are passenger cars 72 % and HDV 15 %.
The main sources of SOx emissions are passenger cars 57 % and HDV 23 %.
3.3.3.3 Methods
Emission calculation from Road transport is performed using the “Computer Programme to
calculate Emissions from Road Transportation” (COPERT IV), which is proposed to be used by
EEA member countries for the compilation of CORINAIR emission inventories. COPERT IV
methodologies can be applied for the calculation of traffic emission estimates at a relatively
high aggregation level. Calculation of emissions is based on fuel consumption of road vehicles
and of average mileage of vehicles and the fixed emission factors. Road traffic vehicles use
five different fuels – gasoline, diesel oil, liquid petroleum gases (LPG), natural gas and biofuel.
Before emission calculation COPERT IV model was calibrated to be consistent with actual sold
fuel (energy statistics). Deviation between fuel consumption in COPERT model and statistics is
less than 0.11%. Thus we can say that all emission calculation is based on actual sold fuel.
Corresponding to the COPERT IV fleet classification, all vehicles in the Latvia fleet are grouped
into vehicle classes, subclasses and layers. The layer classification is a further division of
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
59
vehicle sub-classes into groups of vehicles with the same average fuel consumption and
emission factors, according to EU emission legislation levels.
In COPERT IV, fuel consumption and emission simulation can be made for operationally hot
engines, taking into account gradually tighten emission standards and emission degradation
due to catalyst wear. Furthermore, the emission effects of cold-start and evaporation are
simulated. Estimation of evaporative emissions of hydrocarbons and the inclusion of cold start
emission effects are dealt with in the Latvian inventory by using LEGMC meteorological input
data for ambient temperature variations during months; the distribution of evaporate
emissions in the driving modes are used default by COPERT IV model. Trip-speed dependent
basis factors for fuel consumption and emissions are implemented. The fuel consumption and
emission factors used in the Latvia inventory come from the COPERT IV model.
3.3.3.4 Activity data
As a basis for model input information, CSB data have been used considering the actual fuel
consumption calibration with statistical fuel consumption, Road Traffic Safety Directorate
(RTSD) collected and published data have been used considering stock of road transport in
Latvia. Total mileage data for passenger cars, light duty trucks, heavy duty trucks and buses
produced by the RTSD is used for the years 1996-2012 and can be seen on Annex 2.
Figure 3.10 Development of fuel consumption in Road transport (TJ)
As seen in Figure 3.10, the fuel consumption has essentially changed in the time period 1990
– 2012. The gasoline consumption from the highest consumption in 1990 has decreased till
1999, reaching the lowest consumption and after six year stabilisation the increase was seen
in 2006 and 2007. Consumption of gasoline had decreased in 2012 by 15 % compare with
year 2011. Whereas the diesel fuel consumption starting from 1997 has increased all the time
till 2007. While it decreased in 2008 and 2009. Diesel fuel consumption has decreased in 2012
0
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30000
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LPG Natural gas Biomass Gasoline Diesel oil
TJ (L
PG
, nat
ura
l gas
, b
iom
ass
)
TJ
(g
aso
lin
a, d
iese
l o
il)
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
60
by 2 % compare with year 2011. It was in place substantial LPG consumption increasing in year
2011 and 2012 in road transport.
Figure 3.11 Distribution of passenger cars fleet by sub-classes
Analysing the development of the passenger car fleet in the time period 1990 – 2012, following
features can be noted (Figure 3.11, Figure 3.12, Figure 3.13):
Cars with a gasoline engine of a capacity > 2.0l constitute the major part;
Cars with a gasoline engine of a capacity < 1.4l during the whole period have small
changes and its constitute approximately 8% in year 2012;
As of 2000, the number of cars with diesel engines, both, < 2.0l and > 2.0l, grow rapidly
and its share is 42.7% from the total number of passenger cars in 2012;
As of 2005, in the car fleet with a gasoline engine, the number of EURO 3 and EURO 4
cars grow rapidly. In 2012 a share of EURO 3 and EURO 4 and EURO 5 cars constitute
33%;
As of 2005, in the car fleet with a diesel engine, the number of EURO 3 and EURO 4 cars
grow rapidly. In 2012 a share of EURO 3 and EURO 4 and EURO 5 cars constitute 46%.
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Gasoline <1,4 l Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l Gasoline >2,0 l Diesel <2,0 l Diesel >2,0 l LPG
TH
SD
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61
Figure 3.12 Distribution of gasoline passenger cars fleet by layers
Figure 3.13 Distribution of diesel oil passenger cars fleet by layers
Analysing the development of LDV fleet in the following time period, major features can be
noted as follows:
As of 1996, the number of cars with a gasoline engine decreases;
As of 2000, the number of cars with a diesel engine rapidly increases. In 2012 a share
of diesel cars is 91.5% ;
As of 2002, the number of EURO 3 and EIRO 4 cars rapidly increases. In 2012 a share of
EIRO 3 and EIRO 4 and EURO 5 cars constitute 48.5%.
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PC Euro 5
PC Euro 4
PC Euro 3
PC Euro 2
PC Euro 1
ECE 15/04
ECE 15/03
ECE 15/02
ECE 15/00-01
PRE ECE
TH
SD
0
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Conventional PC Euro 1 PC Euro 2 PC Euro 3 PC Euro 4 PC Euro 5
TH
SD
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
62
Figure 3.14 Distribution of light duty vehicles fleet by sub-classes
Figure 3.15 Distribution of light duty vehicles fleet by layers
The vehicle numbers per HDV sub-classes and layers are presented in the following figures.
Analysing the development of HDV fleet in the following time period, major features can be
noted as follows:
As of 1999, the number of cars with a gasoline engine rapidly decreases. A share of
gasoline cars has decreased from 33% to 5 % corresponding years 2000 and 2012;
As of 1999, the number HDV cars with tonnage 14-34 t and a diesel engine starts to
increase;
As of 2000, average age reduction of cars takes place gradually. In 2012 a share of EURO 3
and EURO 4 and EURO 5 cars constitute 45.6%..
0
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LPG < 3,5t Gasoline < 3,5t Diesel < 3,5t
TH
SD
0
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15
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25
30
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Conventional PC Euro 1 PC Euro 2 PC Euro 3 PC Euro 4 PC Euro 5
TH
SD
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
63
Figure 3.16 Distribution of heavy duty vehicles fleet by sub-classes
Figure 3.17 Distribution of heavy duty vehicles fleet by layers
Starting from the year 2011 emission for gasoline evaporation has been calculated according
to the COPERT IV model method. Calculation of PM emissions has been performed taking into
account emissions from road abrasion, tyres and brakes.
3.3.3.5 Uncertainties
Taking into account that CSB gives approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical
data, uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption is ±2%.To ensure time series consistency
any recalculation related with model version updating is realized for all time period. Linear
interpolation has been implemented only for cases when activity data fluctuation does not take
place.
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LPG > 3,5t Gasoline > 3,5t Diesel, Rigit <=7,5t
Diesel, Rigit 7,5-12t Diesel, Rigit 12-14t Diesel, Rigit 14-34t
Diesel, Articulated 14-34t
TH
SD
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Conventional PC Euro 1 PC Euro 2 PC Euro 3 PC Euro 4 PC Euro 5
TH
SD
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
64
3.3.3.6 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
3.3.3.7 Recalculations
Table 3.16 Recalculations for Road transport
Sub-category Recalculation Improvements
Road transport
All emissions for
year 2010-2011
have been
recalculated
Recalculations have been done due to corrected fuel consumption data
(year 2011) by CSB. Recalculations have been done due to improvement
of activity data. Improvements comprise more precise split of passenger
cars, LDV and HDV by subgroups (depending on engine volume) and
layers (EURO classes) and mileage. It is recalculated emissions of road
transport for year 2010 and 2011. Recalculation affected all emissions.
Table 3.17 Impact of recalculations to emissions in road transport, current submission
versus 2013 year submission, %
2010 2011
NOx -11 -22
NMVOC 19 13
SOx -0.4 -10.8
NH3 9 14
PM 2.5 -15 -30
PM 10 -23 -36
3.3.3.8 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
3.3.4 Railway (NFR 1A3c)
3.3.4.1 Overview
The source category 1A3c Railways includes emissions from all diesel-powered rail transport
in Latvia. The railway transport accomplishes approximately 50% (2012) of freight transport in
Latvia and the transit transport traffic is dominant.
3.3.4.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.18 Trends and emissions in Railway
NOx NMVOC SOx NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Cd PAHs
Gg Mg
1990 6.69 0.79 0.68 0.001 NR NR NR 1.81 0.00 0.01
1995 3.01 0.35 0.30 0.001 NR NR NR 0.81 0.00 0.01
2000 2.57 0.30 0.06 0.000 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.70 0.00 0.01
2005 3.25 0.38 0.06 0.001 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.88 0.00 0.01
2010 2.61 0.31 0.13 0.000 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.71 0.00 0.01
2011 3.07 0.36 0.16 0.001 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.83 0.00 0.01
2012 3.13 0.37 0.16 0.001 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.85 0.00 0.01
Change in 1990-
2012, % -53.25 -53.25 -76.62 -54.60 21.55 21.55 21.55 -53.25 -53.25 -60.65
When analysing the development of emissions trends in railway, following features could be
noted:
Due to the decreasing of diesel oil consumption by approximately 53 % points in railway
in time period 1990 – 2012 all emissions have been decreased by 53 – 76 % points;
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
65
In time span 2000 – 2012 it is in place diesel fuel consumption increasing in railway by
21.5 % points. It is a reason for PM and TSP emission increasing by 21.55 % points;
Due to the increase of fuel consumption in railway all emissions have been increased by
approximately 1-3 % points in year 2012 comparing with year 2011.
3.3.4.3 Methods
When calculating emissions from railway, Tier 1 method has been applied.
3.3.4.4 Emission factors
Default emission factors for Railway (Table 3.19) are taken from EMEP/CORINAIR methodology.
The emission factors for Particulate Matters are taken from CEPMEIP/TNO database (Table
3.10). The SO2 emissions factors are used consistent with sulphur content in diesel oil by years
(Table 3.21).
Table 3.19 Emission factors used for emissions calculation from Railway
Pollutant Unit Diesel oil
NOX
Gg/PJ
0.932
CO 0.252
NMVOC 0.109
NH3 0.000165
Cd
Mg/PJ
0.00024
Cr 0.00118
Cu 0.04001
Ni 0.00165
Se 0.00024
Zn 0.02353
benzo(a)pyrene 0.000706
benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.0011767
Table 3.20 Emission factors used in the calculation of Particulate Matters emissions from
Railway
PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Gg/PJ
Diesel oil 0.03224 0.03389 0.03577
Table 3.21 SO2 emission factors for Diesel oil used in the calculation of SO2 emissions from
Railway
Sulphur content NCV EF (Gg/PJ)
1990-1998 0.2 42.49 0.0941
1999-2003 0.05 42.49 0.0235
2004-2013 0.035 42.49 0.0165
3.3.4.5 Activity data
Information about fuel consumption from CSB as a basis for emission calculation have been
used. In 2009 and 2010, transported freight along the railway and therefore the diesel
consumption has a slightly decreased, compared to 2008 level. Fuel consumption has
increased by approximately 6.7% points in 2012 compare with year 2011.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
66
Figure 3.18 Fuel consumption in Railway transport (TJ)
3.3.4.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption is ±2% in 2012. CSB gives approximately 2%
statistical sample error for statistical data.
3.3.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
3.3.4.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
3.3.4.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
3.3.5 Navigation (NFR 1A3d)
3.3.5.1 Overview
Although Latvia has several ports, domestic navigation that providing transport of freight or
passengers among local ports is not developed. Major activities in ports deal with international
freight transport. In domestic navigation, the emissions are calculated for miscellaneous
vessels (tugs, barges, towboats, icebreakers), recreational crafts and personal boats
In 2012, the diesel oil consumption decreased by approximately 23.6 % points compared to
2011 level. Number of services for international freight in harbours mostly affects the changes
in the fuel consumption.
0
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8000
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1991
1992
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1996
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1998
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2001
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2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
TJ
Diesel oi l Biofuel
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
67
3.3.5.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.22 Trends and emissions in Navigation
NOx NMVOC SOx NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Cd PAHs
Gg Mg
1990 0.02 0.011 0.0003 0.000002 NR NR NR 0.03 0.000000003 0.00003
1995 0.01 0.012 0.0002 0.000001 NR NR NR 0.04 0.000000002 0.00002
2000 0.01 0.014 0.0002 0.000001 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.05 0.000000002 0.00002
2005 0.01 0.017 0.0001 0.000001 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.05 0.000000002 0.00002
2010 0.55 0.032 0.0071 0.000048 0.0104 0.0111 0.0111 0.09 0.000000071 0.00056
2011 0.39 0.030 0.0051 0.000034 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.09 0.000000051 0.00040
2012 0.32 0.030 0.0041 0.000027 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.09 0.000000040 0.00033
Change in
1990-
2012, %
1376.57 169.88 1351.18 1409.79 -94.94 -50.22 -50.22 156.17 1143.39 1175.26
Analysing the development of the emission trends in domestic navigation, following features
can be noted:
Due to remarkable increasing in fuel consumption in time period 1990 – 2012 (more
than 10 times) all emissions have been increased by several times;
In year 2012 NOx and SOx emissions have decreased by 19,4 % points comparing with
year 2011 due to fuel consumption decreasing by approximately 23.6 %. NMVOC
emissions have been decreased by 10.3 % points but PM 2.5 and PM 10 emissions by
17.8 % points.
3.3.5.3 Methods
When calculating emissions from navigation, Tier 1 method has been applied.
3.3.5.4 Emission factors
Default EFs (Table 3.23) for navigation is used (EMEP/CORINAIR 2009):
Table 3.23 Emission factors used in the calculation of emissions from navigation
NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Gg/PJ
Diesel oil 1.84749 0.17416 0.06589 0.00016 0.03295 0.0353 0.0353
Gasoline (from 2003) 0.214 13.05505 4.12875 0.00016 0.21611 0.21611 0.21611
Gasoline (1990-2002) 0.2138 13.0549 4.12702 0.00016 0.21611 0.21611 0.21611
EFs for gasoline are different due to varying NCV. The SO2 emissions factors are used
consistent with sulphur content in diesel oil and gasoline.
3.3.5.5 Activity data
The data about diesel oil consumption and gasoline consumption in domestic navigation are
derived from the CSB. CSB have started to collect data about diesel oil consumption and
gasoline consumption in domestic navigation respectively from year 2006 and 2010. For the
time period 1990 – 2005 and 1990 – 2009 correspondingly for diesel oil and gasoline
consumption data evaluation method from the study (“Evaluation of fuel consumption for
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
68
domestic aviation and navigation” (FEI15, 2004) is used. Development of the fuel consumption
in navigation is presented in figure below (Figure 3.19).
Figure 3.19 Development of gasoline and diesel oil fuel consumption in navigation
3.3.5.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption for time period 2006 – 2012 is ±2% in 2012.
CSB gives approximately 2% statistical sample error for statistical data. For the rest of time
period uncertainty in activity data of fuel consumption is ±20%.
3.3.5.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
3.3.5.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
3.3.5.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
3.3.6 Off-road mobile machinery (NFR 1A2f ii, 1A4a ii, 1A4c ii, 1A4c iii, 1A5b)
3.3.6.1 Overview
Under the NFR 1A2f ii, 1A4a ii, 1A4b ii, 1A4c ii there are reported emissions from gasoline
use. It is assumed that all gasoline is consumed for off-road purposes in Manufacturing
industries and Construction, Commercial, Residential and Agriculture and Forestry sectors.
Under the NFR 1A4c iii Fishing sector it is assumed that all diesel is consumed for fishing
boats.
15 “Research on fuel consumption by domestic aviation and private boats in domestic navigation”
0
50
100
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300
350
1990
1991
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1993
1994
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1997
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2000
2001
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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2012
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Diesel oi l Gasol ine
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
69
Under the NFR 1A5b Other Mobile sources emissions from liquid fuels – aviation gasoline,
diesel oil and jet kerosene, used in military aircrafts and ships are reported. These emissions
appear since 1996.
3.3.6.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.24 Trends and emissions in off-roads
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Changes in
1990-2012, %
NOx 2.70 2.61 1.77 1.70 0.84 0.93 0.61 -77.45
NMVOC 4.36 0.31 0.58 0.72 0.65 0.84 0.76 -82.64
SOx 0.20 0.20 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 -91.10
NH3 0.00022 0.00001 0.00003 0.00003 0.00003 0.00004 0.00004 -82.76
PM2.5 NR NR 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 -46.65
PM10 NR NR 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 -47.83
TSP NR NR 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 -47.83
CO 42.73 2.44 5.29 6.75 6.29 8.14 7.38 -82.73
Pb 8.80 0.46 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 -99.42
Cd 0.00030 0.00033 0.00022 0.00021 0.00010 0.00011 0.00007 -76.68
Hg 0.00090 0.00099 0.00066 0.00063 0.00030 0.00033 0.00021 -76.67
PCDD/
PCDF
(dioxines/
furanes)
0.0039 0.0043 0.0029 0.0027 0.0013 0.0014 0.0009 -76.67
Total 1-4 0.000005 0.000000 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 -82.76
HCB 0.0024 0.0026 0.0018 0.0017 0.0008 0.0009 0.0006 -76.67
PCBs 0.0011 0.0013 0.0008 0.0008 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 -76.67
As it can be seen from Table 3.25 above, the emissions have decreased in 1990-2012 due to
decreased of fuel consumed.
3.3.6.3 Methods
When calculating emissions from off-roads, Tier 1 method has been applied.
3.3.6.4 Emission factors
Emission factors are taken from EMEP/EEA 2013. A complete table with all emission factors
and references can be found on Annex I.
3.3.6.5 Activity data
The data about diesel oil consumption and gasoline consumption in off-roads are derived
from the CSB (Figure 3.20).
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
70
Figure 3.20 Fuel fuel consumption in off-roads (PJ)
3.3.6.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty for activity data is assumed as 20% . Uncertainty for emission factors are assumed
as 100%.
3.3.6.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
3.3.6.8 Recalculations
Recalculations have been done for all subsectors due to change of emission factors.
3.3.6.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to investigate amounts of fuel used for fishing (off-road purposes) with
collaboration with CSB.
3.4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (NFR 1.B)
3.4.1 Overview
Under fugitive emissions from fuels Latvia reports following categories:
1.B.1.a Other fugitive emissions from solid fuels include fugitive particulate matters
emissions from coal transportation and storage;
1.B.2 Fugitive emissions from oil and natural gas include NOx and CO emissions from
category 1.B.2.b ii Transmission/Distribution; 1.B.2.b iii Other Leakage (in residential and
commercial sectors) and 1.B.2.d Other – underground storage;
1.B.2 Fugitive emission from oil and natural gas includes NMVOC emissions from
category 1.B.2.a Oil storage.
There are no oil refineries in Latvia; therefore NMVOC emissions from gasoline distribution
were only calculated for the time period 1990–2001. For the years 1990–1999 it was
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
PJ
(JET
FU
EL)
PJ
Gasoline Diesel oil Jet fuel
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impossible to acquire precise data on fuel storage technologies (vapour filters, vapour storage,
etc.), therefore experts’ opinion was taken into consideration. Experts concluded that most of
the fuel was stored incorrectly until 2000, when most fuel storage facilities had fuel vapour
storage, but not vapour filters and pumps. For 2002–2012 fugitive NMVOC emission from oil
products storage and distribution in oil terminals and pump stations was taken from statistical
database “2-AIR” where operators have to report fugitive NMVOC emissions from activities
with oil products.
Fugitive particulate matters emissions in 2000-2012 from the operations of solid fuels – coal
and coke, transportation via railways and storage and handling, are estimated (Table 3.25).
3.4.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.25 Fugitive emissions in 1990-2012 (Gg)
NMVOC PM2.5 PM10 TSP
1990 5.9448 NR NR NR
1995 4.3890 NR NR NR
2000 3.1288 0.0006 0.0063 0.0158
2005 2.4564 0.0008 0.0075 0.0188
2010 1.3978 0.0010 0.0102 0.0254
2011 1.0658 0.0010 0.0105 0.0261
2012 1.2578 0.0009 0.0086 0.0215
Change in
1990-2012, % -78.84 36.48 36.48 36.48
NMVOC emissions are constantly decreasing due to improvements in natural gas transporting
system, as well as in gas stations. However, particulate matter emissions have increased if
compared to 2000 due to increase of imported amounts of coal and coke.
3.4.3 Methods
LEGMC receives data about emissions from the natural gas holding company “Latvijas Gāze”,
which calculates emissions by itself. Methodological material will be available on the next
submission.
Emissions were calculated from:
End user internal gas provision systems;
Distribution systems;
Gas transport pipeline systems;
Underground gas storage facility (in Inčukalns);
EMEP/CORINAIR methodology is used to estimate fugitive NMVOC emissions from operations
with gasoline in 1990–2001. For time period 2002–2012 NMVOC emission data are taken from
operator’s reported in database “2-AIR” so this is bottom-up reporting.
Particulate matters emissions are estimated by using the simple methodology multiplying
activity data with emission factor.
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3.4.4 Emission factors
NMVOC emission factor for emission from gasoline transportation and storage estimation in
1990–2000 were taken from the local expert research and is based on the expert’s judgment.
Emission factor for 2000-2001 is taken from EMEP/CORINAIR as default emission factor for
gasoline distribution.
Table 3.26 NMVOC emission factors (g/kg)
1990-
1999
2000-
2001
4.9 3.93
Emission factors for particulate matters emission estimation are taken from TNO/CEPMEIP
database.
Table 3.27 PM emission factors (g/tonne)
Coal Coke
TSP 150 110
PM10 60 44
PM2.5 6 4.4
3.4.5 Activity data
Activity data for NMVOC emission calculation was used from CSB Energy Balance. Activity data
for 2002–2011 isn’t obtained because final emission data was taken from operator’s reports
to database “2-AIR”. This emission data is reported by the petrol stations and oil terminals
and verified by Regional Environment State Bureau. Mostly these emissions are obtained by
using measurement or estimated using mass balance method.
Table 3.28 Activity data used for NMVOC emission calculation in 1990-2001 (PJ)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Gasoline 26.75 22.75 21.65 21.03 20.11 18.13 17.91 16.46 15.4 14.87 14.83 15.53
Table 3.29 Activity data used for particulate matters emissions calculation in 1990–2012
(Gg)
Coal Coke
1990 917 11
1991 795 4
1992 663 5
1993 599 8
1994 425 10
1995 252 8
1996 239 8
1997 196 12
1998 146 11
1999 126 12
2000 97 11
2001 127 11
2002 102 10
2003 101 6
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Coal Coke
2004 98 7
2005 120 7
2006 130 6
2007 162 4
2008 162 5
2009 130 5
2010 167 3
2011 172 3
2012 139 6
Table 3.30 Activity data used determining NMVOC emissions from gas leakage 1990–2012
Year Natural gas,
millions m3
1990 0.2848
1991 0.2743
1992 0.2501
1993 0.2392
1994 0.2337
1995 0.2276
1996 0.2193
1997 0.2047
1998 0.1964
1999 0.1873
2000 0.1733
2001 0.1681
2002 0.1755
2003 0.1370
2004 0.1356
2005 0.1532
2006 0.1099
2007 0.1128
2008 0.1158
2009 0.1094
2010 0.1054
2011 0.0634
2012 0.0819
3.4.6 Uncertainties
Activity data for fugitive emissions for 1990–2001 from operations with gasoline were taken
from CSB and uncertainty was assumed as very low for about 2% as statistical frame mistake.
Reported NMVOC emissions for 2002-2012 from operations with oil products are assumed as
50% because emission data are taken from database “2-AIR” where enterprises report their
emission data. Operators mostly estimate NMVOC emissions by using mass balance method
or emissions are measured. Environment State Bureau checks and verifies all reports.
Uncertainty for particulate matter from coal handling is assumed as 50% for activity data and
100% for emission factor.
The level of uncertainty was determined by the representative of only natural gas distributig
company „Latvijas Gāze”. The uncertainty of CH4, CO2 and NMVOC emissions from natural gas
leakages in gas distribution and transmission systems, as well as in gas storage facility is
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assigned as quite low – 10%, as emissions were measured and estimated by only enterprise
operated with natural gas in Latvia – “Latvijas Gāze” by methodology developed for enterprise.
3.4.7 QA/QC and verification
NMVOC emissions reported for 2002-2012 are taken from national database “2-Air”. The data
input by companies’ is verified and approved by Regional Environmental Boards.
3.4.8 Recalculations
There have been recalculated NMVOC emissions from operations with gasoline in 2007-2012
due to updates in data base. For the first time NMVOC emissions from gas leakage were
calculated.
3.4.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to investigate the oil flow in the country to ascertain if there are additional NMVOC
sources.
3.5 INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
5.5.1 Overview
International bunkers cover International Aviation and Navigation according to the IPCC GPG
2000. Emissions from International Aviation and Navigation are not included into national total
emissions.
5.5.2 Trends in emissions
Table 3.31 Trends and emissions in International Aviation and Navigation
NOx NMVOC SOx NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO
Gg
1990 38.30 1.41 20.41 0.11 NR NR NR 3.60
1995 12.20 0.45 7.08 0.04 NR NR NR 1.15
2000 0.72 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08
2005 21.07 0.80 9.92 0.06 1.10 1.21 1.21 1.95
2010 21.34 0.74 5.86 0.00 1.16 1.28 1.26 1.99
2011 18.27 0.64 4.59 0.00 0.92 1.02 1.00 1.70
2012 20.40 0.71 5.05 0.00 1.02 1.12 1.10 1.90
Change in 1990-
2012, % -46.75 -49.63 -75.26 -98.43 8993.21 9245.33 9100.00 -47.22
94.49% and 98.26% of international emissions corresponding NOx and SO2 contributed
Navigation in year 2012. Emissions from marine activities have fluctuations, due to economical
activity in ports. While emissions from aviation are stable and in last five years there can see
very steadily increasing.
5.5.3 Emission factors
Default emission factors for International Aviation and Navigation are taken from
EMEP/CORINAIR methodology and are presented in Table 3.32 and Table 3.33. The emission
factors for Particulate Matters for International Navigation are taken from CEPMEIP/TNO
database (Table 3.34).
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Table 3.32 Emission factors to calculate emissions from International Aviation
Fuel type Emissions factors, Gg/PJ
NOX CO NMVOC SO2
Jet fuel 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.023
Table 3.33 Emission factors to calculate emissions from International Navigation
Fuel
type
NOX CO NMVOC NH3 Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn
Gg/PJ Mg/PJ
Diesel
oil 1 0.25 0.11 0.0038 0.0024 0.00024 0.0012 0.0012 0.0009 0.0012 0.0016 0.0047 0.0118
RFO 1.6 0.5 0.11 0.0062 0.0049 0.00074 0.0005 0.0123 0.0049 0.0123 0.7389 0.0099 0.0222
Table 3.34 Emission factors for Particulate Matters for international navigation
Fuel type Emissions factors, Gg/PJ
PM10 PM2.5 TSP
Diesel oil 0.035 0.033 0.035
RFO 0.1527 0.1379 0.1527
The SO2 emissions factors are used consistent with sulphur content in diesel oil (Table 3.35,
Table 3.36).
Table 3.35 SO2 emission factors used for Diesel oil in the SO2 calculation of emissions for
International Bunkers
Fuel
content NCV
EF
(Gg/PJ)
1990-2007 0.2 42.49 0.094
1999-2003 0.1 42.49 0.0471
Table 3.36 SO2 Emission factors used for RFO in the SO2 calculation of emissions for
International Bunkers
RFO Fuel
content NCV
EF
(Gg/PJ)
1990-2006 2.8 40.6 1.352
2007-2012 1.5 40.6 0.7241
5.5.4 Activity data
Fuel consumption for emission calculation is obtained from CSB (Table 3.37). To provide the
consistent allocation of fuel consumption between domestic and international mode in the
navigation and aviation, CSB each month collects and summarises the information which is
submitted by enterprises which perform fuel bunkering. For this purpose the particular
statistical report format is elaborated in which the enterprises have to fill in the data regarding
amount of fuel sold respectively in domestic and international navigation and aviation
Table 3.37 Energy consumption in International Transport (TJ)
Aviation Navigation
Jet
Kerosene
Diesel Oil RFO
1990 3067.2 5013.8 14737.8
1991 4147.2 807.3 5075
1992 1166.4 637.4 6820.8
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Aviation Navigation
Jet
Kerosene
Diesel Oil RFO
1993 1166.4 1402.2 7429.8
1994 1080 2974.3 8688.4
1995 1080 1104.7 5156.2
1996 1382.4 934.8 3126.2
1997 1382.4 849.8 2111.2
1998 1252.8 552.4 81.2
1999 1252.8 424.9 0
2000 1123.2 339.9 0
2001 1123.2 4249 3938.2
2002 1166.4 3611.7 4993.8
2003 1685.2 3101.8 4750.2
2004 2031 3186.8 5278
2005 2463 3824.1 7064.4
2006 2765 2761.9 5481
2007 3371 2506.9 4953.2
2008 4062 1912.1 6699
2009 4278 2591.9 8850.8
2010 4907 2932 7592
2011 4926 3171 5806
2012 4984 3697 6374
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4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (NFR 2)
4.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
4.1.1 Overview of sector
Source category and methods
Sources of emissions from Industrial Processes are:
Mineral products (NFR 2.A);
Chemical industry (NFR 2.B);
Metal production (NFR 2.C);
Other Production (NFR 2.D).
There are no emissions reported from the Other (NFR 2.G) sector in Latvia.
Table 4.1 Source categories and methods for Industrial Processes sector
NFR code Description Method AD EF
2 A 1 Cement production Tier 2 PS D
2 A 2 Lime production Tier 2 PS D
2 A 5 Asphalt roofing Tier 1 NS D
2 A 6 Road paving with asphalt Tier 1 NS D
2 A 7 d Other Mineral products (Glass and Glass fibre production, Bricks and
Tiles)
Tier 1, 3 PS D, PS
2 B 5 a Other chemical industry (Production of phosphate fertilizers) Tier 1 PS D
2 C 1 Iron and steel production Tier 1 NS, PS D
2 D 1 Pulp and paper Tier 1 NS D
2 D 2 Food and drink Tier 1 NS D
Table 4.2 Reported emissions in Industrial Processes sector in 2012
NFR code Emissions
2 A 1 NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
2 A 2 PM2.5, PM10, TSP
2 A 5 NMVOC, PM2.5, PM10,TSP, CO
2 A 6 NMVOC, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
2 A 7 d NMVOC, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn
2 B 5 a PM2.5, PM10, TSP
2 C 1 NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn
2 D 2 NMVOC
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4.1.2 Key sources
Figure 4.1 Emissions from Industrial Processes sector by subsectors in 2012
There are two main categories in Industrial Processes sector – mineral production dominates
in NMVOC, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, CO, Hg and Se emissions, but metal production dominates in NOx,
SO2, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn emissions (Figure 4.1). Division of emission most likely
could be different because several emissions are not estimated due to lack of official
methodology and default or country specific emission factors.
Cement production sector is a key source category for NOx and SOx and emissions with 4.75%
and 10.84% respectively from total emissions in 2012.
Road Paving with Asphalt is a key source category for NMVOC emission with 31.65%, from
total NMVOC emissions. Road paving with asphalt is a key source category for TSP emissions
with 40.37% from total TSP emissions and 12.14% from total PM10 emissions and 2.05 % from
PM2.5 emissions in 2012.
Cement production is also a key source for PM10 emissions with 4.16% from total PM10
emissions.
4.1.3 Trends in emissions
Table 4.3 Change in emissions from Industrial Processes sector between 199016 and 2012
(%)
Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx Gg 3.71 1.66 2.78 3.19 3.21 1.79 5.73 54.56
NMVOC Gg 3.79 2.06 2.28 2.54 1.66 1.46 24.54 548.22
SOx Gg 4.60 0.99 0.93 1.44 0.16 0.40 0.46 -90.09
PM2.5 Gg NR NR 0.49 0.82 1.46 1.69 1.97 298.24
PM10 Gg NR NR 1.68 3.78 4.09 5.63 6.23 271.67
16 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO
x
NM
VO
C
SOx
PM
2.5
PM
10
TSP
CO Pb
Cd
Hg
As Cr
Cu Ni
Se Zn
2 A 1 2 A 2 2 A 5 2 A 6 2 A 7 d 2 B 5 a 2 C 1 2 D 2
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Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
TSP Gg NR NR 6.08 15.59 12.53 19.11 20.68 240.24
CO Gg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 288.05
Pb Mg 0.24 0.10 0.16 0.20 0.19 0.08 6.05 2430.55
Cd Mg 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 2126.82
Hg Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -63.05
As Mg 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 -20.14
Cr Mg 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.38 3267.96
Cu Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 55095.65
Ni Mg 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 147.46
Se Mg 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -63.05
Zn Mg 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 8.37 40581.41
Data on emissions in the Industrial Processes sector are linked with the economic situation of
the country as well as availability of statistical data. The largest decrease in emissions occurred
between 1990 and 1993, when industry was going through a crisis.
It has to be noted that in the beginning of 90ties during the countrywide change in government
system and national economy statistics was not well kept. Therefore there is lack of statistical
data regarding industry during this time period or they are vague. The data extrapolation was
carried out for the sectors where possible although the extrapolation is almost impossible to
do due to different circumstances – changes and total restructuring of national economy when
industrial development wasn’t predictable and explainable.
Since year 2000 and after the crisis in national economy of Russian Federation in 1999-2000
with whom Latvia has strength economic relations, all emissions from Industrial Processes
sector have increased in 2000-2008. It is explained with sharp development of Latvian
industry when construction activities increased and industrial production of building materials
also increased.
Still at the end of 2008 and in 2009 the global financial crisis caused a crisis in Latvia’s national
economy when the industrial production has decreased quite significantly. The decrease
mainly is explained with the decrease of population welfare when lots of people lost their jobs,
benefits and pensions were decreased and taxes were increased therefore the purchase
capacity of population decreased remarkably. Due to that the building and construction sector
development decreased as well as companies also were charged with higher taxes. In 2010 all
emissions have increased with exception of SOx emissions that decreased by 95.95% and NOx
by 31.33 %. It is explained with changes from wet to dry technology of cement production in
the first half of 2010. The data of SOx and NOx are not representative because the new dry
process cement production technology began to work with full capacity only in July of 2010.
To reduce NOx emissions from cement production there is used SNCR (Selective Non-Catalytic
Reduction System) method. With the help of the system the flue gas NOx emissions reduction
percentage of 40...60 % is achievable, depending on the cement kiln type, fuel and NOx
content. Reducing agents such as urea and ammonia are injected to the hot flue gases. They
react with nitrogen monoxide and form nitrogen and water. In addition SNCR there are used
more than 50% of ecofuel which functions as blaze extinguisher in that way to reduce NOx
emission. Switched from wet to dry process cement production SO2 and NOx are measured
automatically in new technological plant and are considered as plant-specific data that are
available and are taken from national statistical database “2-AIR”.
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In 2011 there are markably decresed NOx and heavy metal emissions from Industrial processes
sector averagely about 68.60% due to technological changes in Metal production plant.
Detailed explanation is on Chapter 4.4 Metal Production (NFR 2C). In 2012 there are made
recalculations with updated emission factors for heavy metals and particular metters in sector
2.C.1 and NMVOC, CO and particular metters in 2.A.5 and 2.A.6. Detailed descriptions are
provided under each subsector.
4.2 MINERAL PRODUCTS (NFR 2A)
4.2.1 Source category description
4.2.1.1 Overview
This chapter includes industrial production plants and emissions from production processes:
2.A.1 Cement Production – NOx, NMVOC, SOx, particulate matters and heavy metals
emissions;
2.A.2 Lime Production – particulate matters emissions;
2.A.5 Asphalt Roofing – CO, NMVOC and TSP emissions;
2.A.6 Road Paving with Asphalt – NMVOC and particulate matters emissions;
2.A.7.d Other Mineral products – particulate matters and heavy metals emissions from
glass production.
4.2.1.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.4 Emissions from Mineral Products in 1990-2012
NOx NMVOC SOx PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg
1990 0.90 0.16 3.41 NR NR NR 0.0001 0.0741 0.0057 0.00013
1995 0.24 0.05 0.90 NR NR NR 0.0002 0.0173 0.0013 0.00003
2000 0.23 0.05 0.85 0.19 1.28 5.58 0.0004 0.0125 0.0010 0.00002
2005 0.36 0.10 1.35 0.48 3.34 15.04 0.0011 0.0385 0.0029 0.00007
2010 0.48 0.05 0.07 1.14 3.66 11.99 0.0009 0.0274 0.0021 0.00005
2011 0.93 0.07 0.37 1.59 5.49 18.94 0.0014 0.0274 0.0021 0.00005
2012 1.46 22.84 0.32 1.65 5.75 20.10 0.0016 0.0274 0.0021 0.00005
Change
from
1990 to
2012, %
62.27 14488.5 -90.57 752.20 350.89 260.25 2041.86 -63.05 -63.05 -63.05
Most emissions have increased in 1990-2012 mainly due to increase of industrial production
in Cement production and Road construction sectors with NMVOC and CO emissions that have
increased by 14488.5% and 2041.86% respectively that could be explained with development
of road construction sector and updated emission factors taken from EMEP/EEA 2013 (Table
4.4) Exeption is emissions from heavy metals that are decreased about 63.05% due to updated
emission factors taken from EMEP/EEA 2013. Due to increase of total amounts of cars and
development of transit transportation in country the necessity to improve road pavement
arose. Also the possibility to obtain financing from European Union funds increased the
possibility to improve the transport infrastructure. Also updated statistical data is used for
emission calculation when in previous submissions only amount of bitumen was used as
activity data but starting from year 2000 the amount of bitumen mixtures (asphalt, emulsions,
asphalt mastic etc) was used.
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The emissions from Asphalt roofing and Road paving with asphalt sectors are constantly
increasing since the beginning of 90ties. Slight emission decrease in 1999-2000 is explained
with the change of percentage that is used to divide activity data used in roofing and road
paving. The sharp emission increase in 2003-2004 is explained with Latvia’s accession to EU
in the May of 2004 before and after what the road paving works were very active. In that
particular year VIA Baltica that connects the capitals of all Baltic States was built. According to
CSB one particular road contractor has quite large amount of bitumen mixtures imported and
used. That particular contractor was working on the VIA Baltica highway. In next years the road
paving activities decreased but not to the level of the years before 2004. Due to Latvia is
participant in EU since 2004 financial resources from EU projects are available for national
infrastructure projects.
Particulate matter emissions have increased in 2000-2012 by 260.25% for TSP to 752.20% for
PM2.5. Still the particulates have decreased by 13% to 45.59% in 2008-2009 due to decrease
of road construction activities. Decrease was caused by the crisis in national economy when
financial resources were transferred to and used in other sectors.
All heavy metals emissions have decreased by 63.1% as heavy metals are estimated only from
glass production processes so these emissions represent total decrease of glass production
sector. The emission levels haven’t changed in 2008-2012.
4.2.2 Cement clinker production (NFR 2 A 1)
4.2.2.1 Overview
Under this sector there are reported NOX, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10 and TSP emissions from
Cement production sector including emissions from cement and clinker production processes.
4.2.2.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.5 Emissions from Cement clinker production in 199017-2012
NOx NMVOC SOx PM2.5 PM10 TSP
1990 0.90 0.15 3.41 NR NR NR
1995 0.24 0.04 0.90 NR NR NR
2000 0.23 0.04 0.85 0.03 0.09 0.10
2005 0.36 0.06 1.35 0.05 0.14 0.16
2010 0.48 0.01 0.07 0.79 1.09 0.02
2011 0.93 0.01 0.37 1.04 1.42 0.03
2012 1.46 0.01 0.32 1.07 1.47 0.03
Change in
1990-2012, % 62.27 -92.66 -90.57 3464.57 1621.59 -71.86
All emissions except NMVOC increased in 2008-2009 when SO2 – by 1.95%. NOx emissions
increased quite sharp by 55.76% that is explained with the emission factor of NOx for new
production plant using dry process kiln that is 181.48% higher than in old production plant.
NMVOC emissions decreased by 61.22% that is also explained with the emission factor for new
production plant that is 95.65% lower than for the old production plant’s wet kiln process
technology.
17 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
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Starting from 2010 fully dry process kiln is used in cement production. For 2009 both kiln
processes- dry and wet was used in cement production. Previously (1990 – 2009 partly) only
wet process kiln was used in cement production. Due to an increasing activity for cement
clinker production in 2010the amount of SOx emissions have remarkably decreased. From
year 2009 to 2010 SOx emissions are decreased about 95.95% due to changing technology of
cement clinker production from wet to dry process kiln. As resources there are used tyres and
lube oil which contains sulphur compounds, all necessary for producing clinker. NOx are
decreased about 31.34% but these data are not representative due to new technology started
to work with full capacity only in July on 2nd half of year 2010 and fully in 2011. In 2011 and
2012 there are increased emissions from 2.A.1 sector due to increasing of used activity data
in cement production comparing with previous years accordingly about 31.17% and 3.09%
respectively.
4.2.2.3 Methods
Tier2 approach was used to calculate NOx, NMVOC, SOx (from EMEP/CORINAIR 2007) and
particulate matters emissions (from EMEP/EEA 2013) from cement production taking into
account produced amount of clinker in wet and dry process kilns and technology based EFs.
In the middle of 2009 previously operating cement production plant was closed and the new
one was opened in different area. In the new facility dry process kiln is used instead of wet
process kiln used previously in the old production plant. Therefore particulate matter EFs was
updated and the corresponding EFs from EMEP/EEA 2013 for dry process kiln were used for
clinker produced in the new facility.
According to A category pollution permit there are total 36 dedusting equipments (filters)
installed in the cement production plant with total efficiency approximately 99%.18 These filters
mainly are designed to collect large coarse particles. Therefore total estimated TSP emissions
are decreased by 99% after the emission estimation using Tier2 EFs from EMEP/EEA 2013. The
BAT use is taken into account only starting 2009 for new facility where dry process kiln is used
because it is a newly established facility with recently installed BAT with strict control
technologies. Therefore TSP EF is estimated using following equation from EMEP/EEA 201319:
21 TierfiltersPM EFEF
where:
EFPM – TSP emission factor including BAT use (Gg/Gg)
ηfilters – abatement technologies efficiency – 99%
EFTier2 – Tier2 EMEP / EEA 2009 emission factor for TSP dry process kiln (Gg/Gg)
4.2.2.4 Emission factors
PM2.5 and PM10 EFs were used without abatement technologies reduction as there is no
information if BAT is used also for smaller particulates.
18 http://old.vpvb.gov.lv/ippc/atlauja/Aatl/Cemex_meiri.pdf (page 15)
19 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-1-cement-production/view (page 12)
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As the EFs for NOx, NMVOC and SOx are not available in EMEP/EEA 201320 (marked as “Not
Estimated”) the EFs from EMEP/CORINAIR 200721 were used as these emissions are emitted in
the production according to cement production plant. For Submission 2012 the EFs were
divided for wet process kiln used in the first half of 2009 and for dry process kiln used starting
with second half of 2009 and after .
Table 4.6 EFs for cement clinker production (Gg/Gg)
NOx NMVOC SOx PM2.5 PM10 TSP
wet process kiln 0.00135 0.00023 0.0051 0.00018 0.00051 0.0006
dry process kiln 0.00245 0.00001 0.0051 0.00095 0.0013 0.000025
4.2.2.5 Activity data
The produced clinker is not weighed in cement production plant but clinker production is
estimated from final cement type by multiplying it with cement/clinker ration according to
data taken from cement producer GHG report (Table 4.7).
Table 4.7 Cement production activity data in 1990–2012 (Gg)
Produced clinker Produced cement
1990 668.5 744.3
1991 617.6 720
1992 278 340
1993 30.8 114
1994 150 244
1995 175.7 204
1996 198 325
1997 201.7 246
1998 195.7 366
1999 263 301.32
2000 167.2 239.24
2001 203.2 248.54
2002 221 260.4
2003 241.1 295.21
2004 260 283.65
2005 265.4 361.08
2006 330.6 456.24
2007 338.3 522.41
2008 334.5 505.46
2009 340.99 227.46
2010 834.94 597.52
2011 1095.23 839.174
2012 1129.11 999.462
20http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-1-cement-production/view (pages 12-13)
21 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5/B3311vs2.4.pdf/view (pages 12-13)
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4.2.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty of cement production data is assumed as 10% as clinker production data is
estimated from final cement production data because produced clinker is not weighted
separately before the final cement mixture is produced.
Emission factor for 2.A.1 sector is estimated based on plant specific data of used limestone
characterizations so average uncertainty of 5% is assumed.
It has been concluded that up to 50 % of uncertainties may be assigned to the emission
estimates of most of the trace elements emitted from major point sources in Europe (Pacyna,
1994). Similar uncertainty can be assigned for emission estimates of these compounds from
cement production.
4.2.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.2.2.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
4.2.2.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
4.2.3 Lime production (NFR 2 A 2)
4.2.3.1 Overview
Under this sector PM2.5, PM10 and TSP emissions from lime production in Iron & Steel
production are reported as these emissions are estimated based on total produced quicklime
(CaO) data.
In iron & steel production facility lime necessary for steel smelting in open heart furnaces is
produced only from limestone in vertical shaft kiln.
4.2.3.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.8 Emissions from Lime production in 2000-2012
PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Gg
1990 NR NR NR
1995 NR NR NR
2000 0.00553 0.02763 0.07105
2005 0.00061 0.00409 0.00817
2010 0.00052 0.00344 0.00688
2011 0.00003 0.00018 0.00036
2012 0.00003 0.00022 0.00044
Change in
2000-2012, % -99.40 -99.20 -99.38
As for most of Latvia’s economy sectors the emissions in 2008-2009 have decreased
significantly due to the economical crisis. In 2010, emissions have increased due to increasing
activity data of produced lime that are used for glass and metal production. There are
increased emissions from lime production due to overall increasing of activity in Industrial
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processes. In 2011, emissions of produced lime that are used for metal production are
decreased due to changing technology of metal production as plant switched on steel
production in EAF (Electric arc furnace) only and operation of this plant was partially suspended
due to reconstruction in this year. In 2012 there are increased emissions of particulate matters
about 21.81% comparing with 2011 that is explained with overall increasing activity in this
sector and fact that Metal production plant works again with full capacity.
4.2.3.3 Methods
Tier2 approach was used also to estimate particular matters emissions from lime production
processes. Only particulate matter emissions were estimated from lime production. There are
three lime production plants where two of them are direct lime production plant where in one
lime is produced from dolomite and from other the lime is produced from limestone. Lime is
also produced in iron and steel plant where the lime is then directly used in steel production
process.
4.2.3.4 Emission factors
As all 3 lime production plants have A category pollution permits since 2005 the facilities must
have BAT installed and the emissions from the production processes have to be controlled.
Therefore controlled EFs from EMEP/EEA 2013 for particulate matters are used for time period
2005-2009. For time period 1990-2004 the uncontrolled EFs from EMEP/EEA 2013 are used
to estimate particulate matters emissions.
Following emission factors from EMEP/EEA 2013 to estimate particulate matters emissions are
used (Table 4.9).
Table 4.9 Emission factors for lime production in 1990–2012 (Gg/Gg)
PM2.5 PM10 TSP
Lime (total production) 1990-2005 0.0007 0.0035 0.009
Lime (total production) 2005-2012 0.00003 0.0002 0.0004
4.2.3.5 Activity data
Activity data of produced lime in steel production company is taken from plant’s GHG reports
within ETS (Figure 4.2).
Unfortunately the data of produced lime in direct lime production plants is not available due
to confidentiality issue. These data are re-estimated backwards taking into account the
approximate percentage of the lime that is produced by using stated amount of raw materials.
The information of technology used in lime production is available:
in first facility lime is produced only from limestone and there are 3 shaft-type kilns
installed in facility;
in second facility lime is produced only from dolomite using shaft-type kilns;
in iron and steel production facility lime necessary for steel smelting in open heart
furnaces is produced only from limestone in vertical shaft kiln.
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Figure 4.2 Lime production activity data in 1990–2012 (Gg)
4.2.3.6 Uncertainties
Although according to IPCC GPG the uncertainty of non-marketed lime production data could
reach 100% and more it is assumed that the uncertainty of activity data for non-marketed
lime production data is 2.A.2 sector is assumed as 2% as only one plant specific data verified
by accredited verifier and approved by Regional Environmental Board is used.
As default emission factors for lime production from IPCC GPG 2000 as well as MRG are used
the uncertainty is assumed 50% due to unavailability of the plant specific data of produced
lime and due to the fact that this is default emission factor for quicklime production.
4.2.3.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.2.3.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
4.2.3.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
4.2.4 Asphalt roofing and Road paving with asphalt (NFR 2 A 5, 2 A 6)
4.2.4.1 Overview
In this sector NMVOC, particular metter and CO emissions from construction materials
production as well as road paving activities are reported.
According to CSB information the biggest part of NMVOC and other emissions occurs during
road paving with asphalt. Just small part of all bitumen mixtures are used in asphalt roofing
sector.
21
4.2
3
16
0.6
8
71
.61
29
.75
25
.08
19
.21
16
.40
10
.98
12
.31
8.1
8
7.8
9
6.7
9
6.7
6
5.6
8
5.5
2 20
.44
14
.12
15
.51
17
.28
9.5
8
17
.21
0.8
9
1.1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
KT
Produced lime
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4.2.4.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.10 Emissions from Asphalt roofing and Road paving in 1990 -2012
NMVOC PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO
1990 0.002 NR NR NR 0.00007
1995 0.005 NR NR NR 0.00022
2000 0.012 0.16 1.16 5.41 0.00040
2005 0.032 0.43 3.19 14.87 0.00111
2010 0.026 0.34 2.57 11.96 0.00089
2011 0.041 0.55 4.06 18.90 0.00141
2012 0.043 0.58 4.34 20.22 0.00151
Change in 1990-2012, % 2770.39 274.13 274.13 274.13 1935.14
The emissions from these two particular sectors are constantly increasing since the beginning
of 90ties. Slight emission decrease in 1999-2000 is explained with the change of percentage
that is used to divide activity data used in roofing and road paving. The sharp emission
increase in 2003-2004 is explained with Latvia’s accession to EU in the May of 2004 before
and after what the road paving works were very active. As it is explained previous there are
tend to increase emissions from road paving and asphalt roofing activity in 2010. In 2011 and
2012 there are increased amount of activity data used for road paving and asphalt roofing
about 58.08% and 6.99% respectively.
4.2.4.3 Methods
EMEP/EEA 2013 Tier1 was used to estimate NMVOC emissions from the 2A5. Asphalt roofing
and 2A6 Road Paving with Asphalt. According to CSB the biggest part of bitumen mixtures
amount is used for road paving. Only a small part is used for roofing activities.
NMVOC emissions are estimated using simpler default methodology:
NMVOCbitumenNMVOC EFADE
where:
ENMVOC – NMVOC emissions (Gg)
ADbitumen – bitumen and bitumen mixtures used in 2A5 and 2A6 activities (Gg)
EFNMVOC –NMVOC emission factor (Gg/Gg)
4.2.4.4 Emission factors
Default CO and NMVOC emission factors are taken from EMEP/EEA 201322,23. Due to lack of
the technology use information Tier1 EFs were used (Table 4.11).
Table 4.11 Emission factors for asphalt roofing and road paving in 1990–2012
CO (Gg/Gg) NMVOC (Gg/Gg) PM2.5 (Gg/Gg) PM10 (Gg/Gg) TSP (Gg/Gg)
Asphalt Roofing 0.0000095 0.00013 0.00008 0.0004 0.0016
Road Paving with Asphalt NE 0.000016 0.0004 0.003 0.014
22 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-d-l-other-solvent/2-d-3-c-asphalt-roofing/view (page 7)
23 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-d-l-other-solvent/2-d-3-b-road-paving/view (page 8)
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4.2.4.5 Activity data
The activity data to calculate NMVOC emissions from road paving and asphalt roofing are
taken from the CSB (Table 4.12). For previous submissions the amount of bitumen was used
as activity data but starting with Submission 2012 the amount of bitumen mixtures was used
as activity data. According to CSB the bitumen mixtures includes:
Asphalt bitumen that usually consists of 60% or more of bitumen and solvent. Used for
highway paving;
Emulsion – or a solid asphalt, bitumen, pitch, tar suspensions in water that are used
especially in highway paving;
Asphalt mastic and other bitumen resins, and similar bituminous mixtures that include
minerals such as sand or asbestos;
Products that are sintered in blocks and that are repeatedly melted before use.
According to information from CSB the biggest part of bitumen mixtures is used for road
paving. According to IPCC 2006 typically 80-90% of bitumen is used for road paving
materials.24 Still as Latvia before the beginning of 90ties was part of former USSR and was
going through the economical transition phase, it was assumed that 80% is used for road
paving and remaining is used for asphalt roofing till 2000. After that the 90% amount was
used for road paving.
Table 4.12 Activity data for road paving with asphalt and asphalt roofing production
Amount of
bitumen mixtures
used (Gg)
% of asphalt
used for road
paving
% of asphalt
used for
roofing
Road Paving
With asphalt
(Gg)
Asphalt
roofing (Gg)
1990 39 80% 20% 31.2 7.8
1991 12.6 80% 20% 10.08 2.52
1992 2.1 80% 20% 1.68 0.42
1993 58.928 80% 20% 47.1424 11.7856
1994 125.625 80% 20% 100.5 25.125
1995 116.99 80% 20% 93.592 23.398
1996 214.811 80% 20% 171.8488 42.9622
1997 224.999 80% 20% 179.9992 44.9998
1998 225.533 80% 20% 180.4264 45.1066
1999 334.8106 80% 20% 267.8485 66.9621
2000 423.6426 90% 10% 381.2783 42.3643
2001 495.7003 90% 10% 446.1303 49.57
2002 558.4238 90% 10% 502.5814 55.8424
2003 625.6749 90% 10% 563.1074 62.5675
2004 3651.959 90% 10% 3286.763 365.1959
2005 1165.015 90% 10% 1048.514 116.5015
2006 1116.697 90% 10% 1005.027 111.6697
2007 1492.517 90% 10% 1343.265 149.2517
2008 1536.659 90% 10% 1382.993 153.6659
2009 838.4465 90% 10% 754.6019 83.8446
2010 937.1768 90% 10% 874.1842 97.1316
2011 1481.480 90% 10% 1333.332 148.148
2012 1426.4764 90% 10% 1426.4764 158.4974
24 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_5_Ch5_Non_Energy_Products.pdf (page 5.14)
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As mentioned before in 2004 the sharp increase of bitumen mixtures use was observed that
is explained with large amount of road paving works before Latvia’s accession to EU and after
that when EU financial instruments became available (Table 4.12).
4.2.4.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty of activity data for estimations of emissions from 2.A.5 Asphalt roofing sector and
2.A.6 Road Paving with Asphalt sector is assumed rather low as CSB data of used bitumen
mixtures are used and the percentage of IPCC 2006 is used to divide bitumen use for roofing
and paving activities. Still as it is not clearly known how much of the total bitumen is used for
asphalt paving and for asphalt roofing (bitumen use in construction sector) the uncertainty is
assumed as at least 20%.
The emission factors for 2.A.5 and 2.A.6 sectors are assumed as high as 70% because default
emission factors are used. The uncertainty of indirect emission factors for these two sectors
are taken from EMEP/EEA 2009 as Tier1 EFs is assumed as high as 50% due to the default
emission factors are used.
4.2.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.2.4.8 Recalculations
For submission 2014 there are made recalculations for NMVOC, particular matter and CO
emissions in all time series from 2A5 Asphalt roofing and 2A6 Road paving with asphalt
sectors according to updated emission factors taken from EPEM/EEA 2013.
Table 4.13 Recalculations done in 2A5 and 2A6 sectors
Total NMVOC
emissions after
recalculation (Gg)
Total CO
emissions after
recalculation (Gg)
Total PM2.5 emissions
after recalculation
(Gg)
Total PM10 emissions
after recalculation
(Gg)
Total TSP emissions
after recalculation (Gg)
2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6
1990 0.00101 0.00050 0.00007 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1991 0.00033 0.00016 0.00002 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1992 0.00005 0.00003 0.00000 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1993 0.00153 0.00075 0.00011 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1994 0.00327 0.00161 0.00024 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1995 0.00304 0.00150 0.00022 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1996 0.00559 0.00275 0.00041 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1997 0.00585 0.00288 0.00043 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1998 0.00586 0.00289 0.00043 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
1999 0.00871 0.00429 0.00064 NE NR NR NR NR NR NR
2000 0.00551 0.00610 0.00040 NE 0.00339 0.15251 0.01695 1.14384 0.06778 5.33790
2001 0.00644 0.00714 0.00047 NE 0.00397 0.17845 0.01983 1.33839 0.07931 6.24582
2002 0.00726 0.00804 0.00053 NE 0.00447 0.20103 0.02234 1.50774 0.08935 7.03614
2003 0.00813 0.00901 0.00059 NE 0.00501 0.22524 0.02503 1.68932 0.10011 7.88350
2004 0.04748 0.05259 0.00347 NE 0.02922 1.31471 0.14608 9.86029 0.58431 46.01468
2005 0.01515 0.01678 0.00111 NE 0.00932 0.41941 0.04660 3.14554 0.18640 14.67919
2006 0.01452 0.01608 0.00106 NE 0.00893 0.40201 0.04467 3.01508 0.17867 14.07038
2007 0.01940 0.02149 0.00142 NE 0.01194 0.53731 0.05970 4.02980 0.23880 18.80571
2008 0.01998 0.02213 0.00146 NE 0.01229 0.55320 0.06147 4.14898 0.24587 19.36190
2009 0.01090 0.01207 0.00080 NE 0.00671 0.30184 0.03354 2.26381 0.13415 10.56443
2010 0.01218 0.01350 0.00089 NE 0.00750 0.33738 0.03749 2.53038 0.14995 11.80843
2011 0.01926 0.02133 0.00141 NE 0.01185 0.53333 0.05926 4.00000 0.23704 18.66665
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Total NMVOC
emissions after
recalculation (Gg)
Total CO
emissions after
recalculation (Gg)
Total PM2.5 emissions
after recalculation
(Gg)
Total PM10 emissions
after recalculation
(Gg)
Total TSP emissions
after recalculation (Gg)
2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6 2.A.5 2.A.6
Difference
comparing
with
submission
2013 (%)
-2500% -99.90% -5% NE -100% -100% -100% -100% 0% -62.50%
4.2.4.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
4.2.5 Other mineral products (NFR 2 A 7 d)
4.2.5.1 Overview
In this sector particular metters and heavy metal emissions from use of additional raw
materials used in glass production plants – fluorspar, potash and whiterite (barium carbonate),
are reported, as well as NMVOC emissions from glass production and glass fibre production
reported by production facilities.
4.2.5.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.14 Emissions from Other mineral products in 1990 -2012
NMVOC PM2.5 PM10 TSP Pb Cd Hg
1990 0.001 NR NR NR 0.074 0.006 0.00013
1995 0.002 NR NR NR 0.017 0.001 0.00003
2000 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.012 0.001 0.00002
2005 0.011 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.038 0.003 0.00007
2010 0.014 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.027 0.002 0.00005
2011 0.015 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.027 0.002 0.00005
2012 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.027 0.002 0.00005
Change in 1990-
2012, % 74.69 119.14 119.14 119.14 -63.05 -63.05 -63.05
NMVOC emissions for time period 1997-2012 were taken from national database “2-AIR”
where glass fibre production plant reported its emissions divided by NMVOC sub-type (Table
4.14). For time period 1990-1996 only butylacetate data is available from glass fibre
production company’s application for GHG permit within EU ETS. For year 2005 also glass
production company had reported its NMVOC emissions but since then glass production is not
operating therefore NMVOC emissions from glass production are reported only for 2005.
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91
Figure 4.3 NMVOC emissions from glass fibre production in 1990–2012 (Gg)
Use of potash as well as NMVOC emissions from glass production stopped in 2005 when the
glass production plant ended its activity although the use of raw materials in last years of this
glass production plant increased sharply. Use of whiterite is occurring only in 2005-2007 in
glass production manufacturing plant but in 2008 and 2009 the plant has suspended it
activity. Since 2005 NMVOC emissions are still emitted but in smaller amounts from glass fibre
production.
4.2.5.3 Methods
The particulate matters and heavy metals EFs were taken from EMEP/EEA 2013 for Tier1
approach.
NMVOC emissions were taken from national database “2-AIR” where glass fibre production
plant has reported its NMVOC emissions therefore no EF was used.
4.2.5.4 Emission factors
Following emission factors from EMEP/EEA 2013 to estimate particulate matters emissions are
used (Table 4.15).
Table 4.15 Emission factors for glass production in 1990–2012
PM2.5 PM10 TSP Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn
Gg/Gg Mg/Mg
Glass production 0.00024 0.00027 0.0003 0.0017 0.00013 0.000003 0.00019 0.00023 0.000007 0.00049 0.0008 0.00037
4.2.5.5 Activity data
Emissions from use of additional raw materials used in glass production plants – fluorspar,
potash and whiterite (barium carbonate) are used as activity data to estimate heavy metals and
particular matters from glass production plants (Table 4.16).
Emissions from Glass fibre production are estimated to taking into account NMVOC emissions
as activity data due to there is no data about used raw materials but plant report NMVOC
emissions.
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Table 4.16 Activity data for raw materials use in glass production in 1990-2012
Use of
potash
(Gg)
Use of
fluorspar
(Gg)
Use of
barium
carbonate
(Gg)
Use of
butylacetate
(Gg)
1990 NO NO NO 0.0013
1991 NO NO NO 0.0018
1992 NO NO NO 0.0011
1993 NO 0.0217 NO 0.0021
1994 NO 0.0100 NO 0.0013
1995 NO 0.1158 NO 0.0016
1996 NO 0.1181 NO 0.0036
1997 NO 0.0328 NO NO
1998 NO 0.0743 NO NO
1999 NO 0.1074 NO NO
2000 NO 0.0840 NO NO
2001 0.0318 0.1520 NO NO
2002 0.1420 0.1580 NO NO
2003 0.1671 0.2160 NO NO
2004 0.1191 0.2460 NO NO
2005 0.0376 0.2652 0.0115 NO
2006 0.0198 0.2221 0.0209 NO
2007 0.0088 0.2013 0.0096 NO
2008 NO 0.2552 NO NO
2009 NO 0.4084 NO NO
2010 NO 0.6222 NO NO
2011 NO 0.5912 NO NO
2012 NO 0.6390 NO NO
4.2.5.6 Uncertainties
The uncertainty of activity data for this sector is assumed as 2% as plant specific reported data
is used. Accredited verifiers and Latvia’s Regional Environmental Boards verify the activity data
reported in production plant’s annual GHG reports within ETS so the activity data is adequately
verified.
Emission factors for this sector are taken from glass production plant so the uncertainty could
be assumed as quite low. Still the estimation of the emission factors can’t be adequately
verified so the uncertainty is assumed as quite high – 70%.
4.2.5.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.2.5.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
4.2.5.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
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4.3 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY (NFR 2 B)
4.3.1 Overview
Although there are strong traditions of the chemical industry in Latvia there are nonchemical
industry production processes listed in IPCC GPG 2000 or EMEP/EEA 2013 that generate GHG
emissions.
The biggest part of chemical industry is medicine production and then small part of paints
and varnishes production.
Under this sector there are reported particular matter emissions from phosphate fertilizers.
All available data and emissions from chemical and pharmaceutical production are reported
and described under 3C Chemical products, manufacture and processing sector.
4.3.2 Trends in emissions
Particulate matters emissions from phosphate fertilizers were estimated and reported in 2B5
sector but only for year 2008-2012 as activity data for other years are not available (Table
4.17).
Table 4.17 Particulate matters emissions from Chemical Industry in 2008-2012
PM2.5 PM10 TSP
2008 1.29E-05 1.72E-05 2.15E-05
2009 0.000756 0.001008 0.00126
2010 0.000866 0.001155 0.001443
2011 0.002541 0.003387 0.004234
2012 0.000129 0.000172 0.000215
Trend in 2008-2012, % 900 900 900
4.3.3 Methods
Tier 1 method from EMEP/CORINAIR was used to calculate emissions from phosphate
fertilizers production. Calculation of all emissions is done with Excel databases developed by
experts from LEGMC.
4.3.4 Emission factors
Particulate matters emission factors from EMEP/EEA 2013 are used – 0.00018 Gg/Gg for PM2.5,
0.00024 Gg/Gg for PM10 and 0.0003 Gg/Gg for TSP emissions.
4.3.5 Activity data
Activity data obtained from enterprises and collected in Latvia’s Chemical Substances Registry
(Table 4.18).
Table 4.18 Activity data of phosphate fertilizers in 2008-2012 (Gg)
Used phosphate
fertilizers (Gg)
2008 0.072
2009 4.200
2010 4.811
2011 14.114
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Used phosphate
fertilizers (Gg)
2012 0.715
4.3.6 Uncertainties
No specific issues for activity data and emission factors in Chemical industry.
4.3.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.3.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
4.3.9 Planned improvements
No improvements have been planned.
4.4 METAL PRODUCTION (NFR 2 C)
4.4.1 Source category description
Emissions from crude iron as input material in iron and steel production in open-heart
furnaces as well as crude iron used in electric arc furnaces are included in the inventory
according to IPCC GPG 2000 excluding scrap metal use in crude steel production. The indirect
GHG emission sources are also included under iron and steel production.
4.4.2 Trends in emissions
Emissions of NMVOC, CO, NOX and SOx gases as well as emissions of particulate matters, heavy
metals and dioxin are reported under 2.C.1 Iron and Steel production sector (Table 4.19).
Table 4.19 Emissions from Metal Production in 1990-2012
NOx NMVOC SOx PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd
1990 2.805 0.248 0.088 NR NR NR 0.0006 0.165 0.000
1995 1.425 0.126 0.045 NR NR NR 0.0003 0.084 0.000
2000 2.551 0.225 0.080 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.0005 0.150 0.000
2005 2.827 0.249 0.089 0.333 0.443 0.554 0.0006 0.166 0.000
2010 2.730 0.241 0.086 0.321 0.428 0.535 0.0005 0.161 0.000
2011 0.855 0.075 0.027 0.101 0.134 0.168 0.0002 0.050 0.000
2012 4.266 0.376 0.134 0.502 0.669 0.836 0.0008 0.251 0.001
Change in
1990-2012,
%
52.08 52.08 52.08 67.19 67.19 67.19 52.08 52.08 52.05
The biggest decrease occurred in time period 1990–1991 due to crisis in Latvia’s national
economy. Crisis in late 90-ties caused by crisis in Russia’s economy is reflected in decrease
of emissions from Metal Production sector. Also final amount of steel products produced in
only metal industry facility decreased in latest years.
Main decrease of emission trend occurred in early 90ties that is explained with economical
situation in industry for this period. Since 1995 emissions were increasing due to increase of
metal production. Emissions also slightly decreased by 0.5% from 2004 to 2005 that is
explained with decrease of output of steel production that is affected by economical situation
and demand of products in national and international markets.
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In 1990-2007 emissions have increased by 1.5% in 1990-2007 and again have decreased by
5% in 2007-2008 that is explained with economical crisis that already begun in the second
part of 2008. The emissions continued to decrease in 2008-2009 – by 16.97%.
Emissions in 2010 have increased comparing to 2009 with about 21.55 %. In 2011 there are
markably decresed all emissions from Metal production sector averagely about 68.60% due
to technological changes in Metal production plant when steel production process was stoped
half a year. There are planed to switched on Electric arc furnace only (EAF) in the future. In
2011 Metal production plant were made reconstructions as a result all produced amount of
steel in EAF and Open heart furnace (OHF) decrease about 75.11% and 68.67%.
In 2012 all emissions in Metal production sector are increased after plant reconstruction.
Comparing with base year in 2012 there are increased particular matter emissions about
67.18% and NOx, NMVOC, SOx and heavy metals about 52.07 %.
4.4.3 Methods
Tier1 method from EMEP/EEA 2013 was used to calculate emissions from steel production.
Calculation of all emissions is done with Excel databases developed by experts from LEGMC.
4.4.4 Emission factors
Emission factors for NOx, NMVOC and SOx emissions are taken from EMEP/CORINAIR 2007.
Carbon dioxide, particulate matters and heavy metals emission factors are taken from
EMEP/EEA 2013 for the Submission 2014. According to methodology for estimations of
emissions from processes in open-heart furnaces, where 95% of total steel production is
produced.
Table 4.20 Emission factors for Iron and Steel production in 1990–2012
NOx NMVOC SOx PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO
Gg/Gg
0.0051 0.00045 0.00016 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.000001
Pb Cd As Cr Cu Ni Zn
Mg/Mg
0.0003 0.0000008 0.00003 0.0000023 0.0000003 0.00001 0.00001
4.4.5 Activity data
Activity data were taken from the CSB of Latvia and enterprises. Activity data on production
and output by manufacturing companies are freely available until 1999. CSB gives only
restricted information on production and output of goods since 1999, the information being
classified as confidential. LEGMC has signed an agreement with CSB to get data of total
production of products from sectors from what data are confidential. Still as industrial
producers are participants in the EU ETS the GHG reports of these enterprises have to be freely
available.
The GHG reports of EU ETS operators are published on LEGMC home page. The data source of
the activity data is industrial producers and the confidentiality rules are no longer in force.
Latvia has simpler situation in activity data of 2C1 Metal Production because there is only one
steel producer and it participates in EU ETS and in International ETS. It is possible to obtain
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more accurate and complete activity data and emission factors from enterprise that are
involved in the emission trading system (Figure 4.4)
Figure 4.4 Steel production activity data in 1990–2012 (kt)
4.4.6 Uncertainties
Only one enterprise operates in iron and steel industry category in Latvia and this facility
reports data of production and raw materials used in production processes. Still used raw
materials data divided by technological processes aren’t available and are estimated by using
approximate percentage. So the uncertainty of activity data of iron and steel industry is
assumed 25%.
Uncertainty of emission factors taken from EMEP/EEA 2013 methodologies is assigned as 20
% so it is apposite for open-heart furnaces – technology mainly used in facility operated in
iron and steel industry in Latvia.
4.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.4.8 Recalculations
For submission 2014 there are made recalculations for all heavy metals in all time series from
2C1 Iron and steel production according to updated emission factors taken from EMEP/EEA
2013.
Table 4.21 Emissions from Iron and Steel production in 1990-2011 after recalculation
Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn
1990 0.16500 0.00044 NO 0.01650 0.00127 0.00017 0.00550 NO 0.00446
1991 0.11205 0.00030 NO 0.01120 0.00086 0.00011 0.00373 NO 0.00303
1992 0.07375 0.00020 NO 0.00738 0.00057 0.00007 0.00246 NO 0.00199
1993 0.09012 0.00024 NO 0.00901 0.00069 0.00009 0.00300 NO 0.00243
1994 0.09959 0.00027 NO 0.00996 0.00076 0.00010 0.00332 NO 0.00269
1995 0.08380 0.00022 NO 0.00838 0.00064 0.00008 0.00279 NO 0.00226
1996 0.08795 0.00023 NO 0.00880 0.00067 0.00009 0.00293 NO 0.00237
1997 0.13936 0.00037 NO 0.01394 0.00107 0.00014 0.00465 NO 0.00376
55
0.0
0
37
3.4
9
24
5.8
3
30
0.3
9
33
1.9
6
27
9.3
3
29
3.1
7
46
4.5
3
47
0.8
4
48
3.7
4
50
0.2
9
50
2.2
8
50
7.1
9
54
7.3
5
55
6.9
7
55
4.3
5
55
4.5
5
55
8.1
6
53
0.4
6
44
0.4
6 53
5.3
0
16
7.6
2
83
6.4
3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
KT
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Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn
1998 0.14125 0.00038 NO 0.01413 0.00108 0.00014 0.00471 NO 0.00381
1999 0.14512 0.00039 NO 0.01451 0.00111 0.00015 0.00484 NO 0.00392
2000 0.15009 0.00040 NO 0.01501 0.00115 0.00015 0.00500 NO 0.00405
2001 0.15068 0.00040 NO 0.01507 0.00116 0.00015 0.00502 NO 0.00407
2002 0.15216 0.00041 NO 0.01522 0.00117 0.00015 0.00507 NO 0.00411
2003 0.16420 0.00044 NO 0.01642 0.00126 0.00016 0.00547 NO 0.00443
2004 0.16709 0.00045 NO 0.01671 0.00128 0.00017 0.00557 NO 0.00451
2005 0.16630 0.00044 NO 0.01663 0.00127 0.00017 0.00554 NO 0.00449
2006 0.16636 0.00044 NO 0.01664 0.00128 0.00017 0.00555 NO 0.00449
2007 0.16745 0.00045 NO 0.01674 0.00128 0.00017 0.00558 NO 0.00452
2008 0.15914 0.00042 NO 0.01591 0.00122 0.00016 0.00530 NO 0.00430
2009 0.13214 0.00035 NO 0.01321 0.00101 0.00013 0.00440 NO 0.00357
2010 0.16059 0.00043 NO 0.01606 0.00123 0.00016 0.00535 NO 0.00434
2011 0.05029 0.00013 NO 0.00503 0.00039 0.00005 0.00168 NO 0.00136
Difference
comparing
with
submission
2013 (%)
-95.83 -99.50 NO 50.00 -99.49 -99.90 -85.71 NO -99.92
4.4.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next Submission.
4.5 OTHER PRODUCTION (NFR 2 D)
4.5.1 Source category description
Other Production sub-sector includes indirect emissions from:
Pulp and Paper industry;
Food and drink industry.
Under this sector there was made research on pulp and paper sector as there are two producers
that are reporting activity data with the PRODCOM code 17.11.14.00.00- manufacture of pulp.
According to available information these two manufactures have changed their activity and
there are no information about raw materials that could be produced or imported.
4.5.2 Trends in emissions
Table 4.22 Emissions from Pulp and Paper (2.D.1) and Food and Drink (2.D.2) production sectors in
1990-2012 (Gg)
NMVOC SOx
1990 3.38 1.10
1995 1.89 0.05
2000 2.00 0.00
2005 2.19 0.00
2010 1.37 0.00
2011 1.32 0.00
2012 1.33 0.00
Change in emissions
in 1990-2012, %
-60.74 -100.00
The biggest fluctuations occurred in time period 1991–1993 due to changes in economical
situation in country (Table 4.22). Decrease of NMVOC emissions in time period 1999–2001 is
explained with economical crisis in neighbour country Russia with whom Latvia has stable
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economical relations. For the years in time period 2002–2004 NMVOC emissions were stable.
NMVOC emissions have decreased by 29.3% in 2006-2007 that is explained with decrease of
produced spirits by 35.5%. The emissions in 2008-2009 have decreased by 5.99% that is
explained with the crisis in national economy that affected food and drink production industry
as purchasing capacity decreased due to decreased salaries, increased taxes etc. After going
through a crisis in 2009 emissions in 2010 are increased about 5.08%. In 2011 NMVOC
emissions are decreased about 4.06% comparing with 2010. In 2012 NMVOC emissions are
increased about 0.77% comparing 2011 that makes stable situation in this sector in last two
years.
SOx emissions are reported for time period 1990 – 1996 when pulp and paper industry were
closed due to facility closes. In latest years wood pulp and paper industry is developing again
still wood pulp is imported and not produced in country so SOx emissions that occurred in
pulp production processes are not emitted.
4.5.3 Methods
Tier 1 method from EMEP/CORINAIR was used to calculate emissions from Pulp and paper
production and Food and drink production sectors. NMVOC emissions from the food and drink
industry as well as SOx emissions from pulp and paper industry are calculated at the LEGMC.
4.5.4 Emission factors
The NMVOC emission factors (Table 4.23) are taken from the IPCC 1996 with exception of
NMVOC emission factor for spirits production. For Submission 2014, NMVOC emissions factor
from EMEP/CORINAIR that corresponds to other spirits was used. Central Statistical Bureau
provided aggregated statistical data where it can be seen that 95.5% of all spirits produced in
Latvia is produced from grains (sheer alcohol or spirits) and no brandy and whiskey is
produced in Latvia. That's why previously used emission factor as for Spirits (unspecified sort)
15 kg/hl (alcohol) was changed to emission factor as for Other Spirits 0.4 kg/hl (alcohol).
Table 4.23 NMVOC emission factors for food and drink industries
Production Emission factors
Wine 0.08 kg/hl
Beer 0.035 kg/hl
Spirits 0.4 kg/hl
Meet, fish, poultry 0.3 kg/t
Sugar 10 kg/t
Cakes, biscuits, breakfast cereals 1 kg/t
Bread 8 kg/t
Animal forage 1 kg/t
4.5.5 Activity data
Activity data for calculation of the NMVOC emissions from the food and drink industry is
obtained from the CSB. Activity data of pulp and paper sub-sector also were taken from CSB
(Table 4.24) LEGMC has signed an agreement with CSB to get data of total production of
products from sectors where data are confidential. Still for the 2007 data for the category –
wine production, was classified as confidential and not available for the LEGMC. That’s why
for this category 2006 year’s data was used also for years 2007-2012.
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Table 4.24 Activity data of 2.D.1 Pulp and Paper and 2.D.2 Food and Drink production
sectors in 1990-2012
Pulp
and
Paper
Wine Beer Spirits
Meat,
fish,
poultry
Sugar
Cakes,
biscuits,
breakfast
cereals
Bread Animal
forage
Gg 1000 hl 1000 hl 1000 hl Gg Gg Gg Gg Gg
1990 36.6 19.9 87.4 324.5 569.3 31.0 54.8 314.0 200.0
1991 44.7 197.5 1295.3 330.0 490.4 35.0 39.2 293.0 200.0
1992 30.8 179.8 858.9 259.3 281.6 39.0 22.1 240.0 200.0
1993 4.7 87.7 545.9 217.4 154.0 26.0 15.8 177.4 245.4
1994 0.2 134.2 637.9 314.8 95.6 15.8 22.7 161.5 174.0
1995 1.5 159.2 652.8 341.5 82.8 29.3 24.4 145.4 214.4
1996 1.5 154.7 644.9 379.6 100.5 31.2 13.1 137.1 206.2
1997 NO 114.7 714.8 456.4 129.1 41.2 16.9 132.1 205.0
1998 NO 99.6 721.0 417.4 110.9 64.9 18.1 124.8 203.3
1999 NO C 953.2 C 166.9 C 20.8 121.5 144.5
2000 NO C 945.1 C 197.3 C 24.3 121.1 173.8
2001 NO C 996.6 C 244.6 C 24.4 123.1 184.9
2002 NO C 1199.2 C 262.9 C 29.0 122.6 201.3
2003 NO C 1336.6 C 264.4 C 37.3 124.0 201.4
2004 NO C 1313.1 C 262.5 C 43.6 119.3 211.8
2005 NO C 1293.3 C 243.8 C 53.6 116.3 248.6
2006 NO C 1383.0 C 288.4 C 45.0 107.3 244.2
2007 NO C 1414.3 C 286.0 NO 46.5 102.3 336.8
2008 NO C 1333.8 C 297.7 NO 38.5 100.7 307.3
2009 NO C 1292.4 C 253.5 NO 33.3 95.9 299.3
2010 NO C 1484.9 C 242.2 NO 37.5 89.9 405.8
2011 NO C 1626.6 C 261.5 NO 39.7 88.6 360.9
2012 NO C 1488.5 C 264.3 NO 44.5 91.4 348.2
4.5.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty of activity data was assumed as 2% for 1990-2006 because statistical data from
CSB were used. For 2007-2008 the uncertainty is assumed higher – 10%, as no precise
information is available for wine production. NMVOC emission factors were assigned as 50%
because default emission factors taken from the IPCC 1996 were used.
4.5.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
4.5.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
4.5.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned.
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5. SOLVENT AND OTHER PRODUCT USE (NRF 3)
5.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
5.1.1 Overview
This sector contains NMVOC emissions from subsectors:
Paint Application (NFR 3.A);
Degreasing and Dry Cleaning (NFR 3.B);
Chemical Products, Manufacture and Processing (NFR 3.C);
Other (NRF 3.D):
Printing (NFR 3.D.1);
Domestic Solvent Use (NFR 3.D.2);
Other Product Use (3.D.3).
Emissions in the Solvent and Other Product Use sector (Figure 5.1) are linked with the country-
wide changes in government system and national economy. From the 1990ties till 2004
statistics was not well kept therefore NMVOC emissions were calculated proportionately
assuming that base year for NMVOC emissions was year 200525 and taking into account the
number of inhabitants. For 2005-2012 the data from Chemical Register (CR) was used under
NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D for NMVOC emission calculation; NMVOC emission for NRF 3.C was
obtained from database “2-Air” for 2004-2012.
Figure 5.1 NMVOC emissions from Solvent and Other Product Use sector in 1990-2012
25 For NMVOC emissions under NRF 3.C base year was 2004
0
5
10
15
20
25
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
GG
3.D.3 Other productuse
3.D.2 Domesticsolvent use includingfungicides3.D.1 Printing
3.C Chemical products
3.B.1 Degreasing &Dry cleaning
3.A.3 Other coatingapplication
3.A.2 Industrialcoating application
3.A.1 Decorativecoating application
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For years 2005-201226 country specific method was used to calculate NNMVOC emissions
under Solvent and Other Product Use subsectors. The average percentage content of NMVOC
in NMVOC containg product is used as NMVOC emission factor under Solvent and Other
Product Use subsectors except NRF 3.C where all NMVOC emissions data is obtained directly
from database “2-Air”.
5.1.2 Key sources
Solvent and Other Product Use sector covered over 40% from the total Latvia’s NMVOC
emissions in 2012. The largest share is for other product use – 52.9% (Figure 5.2). This
subsector includes emissions from application of underseal treatment and conservation of
vehicles, glues and adhesives, preservation of wood and other solvent use. Other are
respectively domestic solvent use 25.7%, decorative coating application and chemical products
8.3%, industrial coating application 2.7%, other coating application 2.1%, printing 0,1% and
degreasing 0,01%.
Figure 5.2 Distribution of NMVOC emissions in Solvent and Other Product Use Sector for
2012 (Gg)
5.1.3 Trends in emissions
Decrease in NMVOC emissions in the period 1990-2005 (Table 5.1) has occurred mostly due
to the industry going through a crisis. Between 2005 and 2008 the economic growth induced
the increasing usage of NMVOC containing products from application of underseal treatment
and conservation of vehicles, glues and adhesives, preservation of wood, domestic solvent use
and other.
26 For years 2004-2012 country specific method was used to calculate NNMVOC emissions under NRF
3.C
3A18.3%
3A22.7% 3A3
2.1%
3B0.0%3C
8.1%
3D10.1%
3D225.7%
3D352.9%
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Table 5.1 Trends in NMVOC emissions from Solvent and Other Product use sector
Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in 1990-2012, %
NMVOC Gg 19.52 18.29 17.42 16.63 18.96 20.67 22.06 13.05
At the end of 2008 the world was struck by the economic crisis which also affected the Solvent
and Other Product Use sector in Latvia. There is an increase in trends of NMVOC emissions
from Solvent and Other Product Use in later years. Since 2010 in CFR 3 sector NMVOC
emissions have increased by 14%.
5.2 PAINT APPLICATION (NFR 3 A), DEGREASING AND DRY CLEANING (NFR 3 B), OTHER – PRINTING,
DOMESTIC SOLVENTS USE AND OTHER PRODUCT USE (NFR 3 D 1, 3 D 2, 3 D 3)
5.2.1 Overview
Paint Application (NRF 3.A) includes paints and varnishes from NRF 3.A.1 Decorative coating
application (paints for architectural application by construction enterprises and proffesional
painters as well as by private consumers), NRF 3.A.2 Industrial coating application (paint
application for manufacture automobiles, car repairing, coil coating, boat building, wood as
well as other industrial paint applications) and NRF 3.A.3 Other coating applications as
described by EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009. Paint Application
constituted 13.4% of the total NMVOC emissions under Solvent and Other p roduct Use sector
in 2012.
Degreasing and Dry Cleaning (NRF 3.B) consists of two subsectors. Degreasing (NRF 3.B.1)
includes cleaning products from water-insoluble substances such as grease, fats, oils waxes
and tars. In this subsector a wide range of activities were covered according to EMEP/EEA air
pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009. Dry Cleaning (NRF 3.B.2) constitutes a small
amount of whole NRF 3.B sector. NRF 3.B.2 is included in NRF 3.B.1due to the luck of statistics.
Other (NRF 3.D) was the biggest sub-category (78.8% or 17.4 Gg NMVOC) of total NMVOC
emissions in Solvent and Other Product Use in 2012. Other Product Use (NRF 3.D.3) produced
52.9% (11.7 Gg), Domestic Solvent Use (NRF 3.D.2) – 25.7% (5.7 Gg) and Printing (NRF 3.D.1)
– less than 1 % of these 17.4 Gg NMVOC.
To divide the NMVOC containing products by NRF 3.D subsectors EMEP/EEA air pollutant
emission inventory guidebook – 2009 was used. Printing (NRF 3.D.1) involved the use of inks,
cleaning solvents and organic dampeners. Domestic Solvent Use including fungicides (NRF
3.D.2) comprises NMVOC emissions from a number of product categories, for instance,
cosmetics & toiletries, household products, construction and car care products. Other Product
Use (NRF 3.D.3) includes emissions from application of underseal treatment and conservation
of vehicles, glues and adhesives, preservation of wood and other solvent use.
5.2.2 Trends in emissions
There is an increase in trends of NMVOC emissions under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D in later years
mostly due to the economic welfare of the country (Table 5.2).
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Table 5.2 NMVOC emissions from Paint Application (NRF 3.A), Degreasing and Dry Cleaning
(NRF 3.B) and Other Product Use (NRF 3.D) sectors in 1990–2012 (Gg)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
Paint
Application 4.02 3.77 3.59 3.39 2.36 2.58 2.90 -27.90
Degreasing 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.002 181.49
Printing 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.312 0.289 0.022 995.76
Domestic
solvent use 3.82 3.58 3.41 3.22 4.76 4.66 5.68 48.86
Other product
use 10.32 9.67 9.21 8.70 10.70 10.66 11.68 13.20
5.2.3 Methods
Country specific method was used to calculate NNMVOC emissions from NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D
subsectors. The average content of NMVOC in imported or produced chemical products
containing NMVOCs is calculated by arithmetic average and is presented in mass percentage.
NMVOC emissions (Gg) from Solvent and Other Product Use were calculated for the time series
1990-2012 using the equation below:
ENMVOC = EFNMVOC AD
where:
ENMVOC – non-methane volatile organic compounds emissions from solvents and other production use (Gg);
EFNMVOC – emission factor is assumed as the average percentage of a particular NMVOC in NMVOC containing product;
AD – activity data from Chemical Register, Gg.
To obtain a comparable data in time series for years 1990-2004 NMVOC emissions were
calculated using the same methodology as for years 2005-2012. Assuming that base year for
NMVOC emissions is year 2005, NMVOC emissions for years 1990-2004 were calculated
proportionally, taking into account the number of inhabitants.
5.2.4 Emission factors
The average percentage content of NMVOC in NMVOC containg product is used as NMVOC
emission factor.
5.2.5 Activity data
From the 1990ties till 2004 statistics for NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D was not well kept due to the
country-wide changes in governmental system and national economy. For 2005-2012 all
activity data was obtained from the Chemical Register (CR) at State Ltd "Latvian Environment,
Geology and Meteorology Centre" (Table 5.3). In CR data of imported and produced amount
of chemical products containing NMVOCs is collected together with the percentage of a
particular NMVOC in imported or produced products.
Table 5.3 Activity data for Paint Application (NRF 3.A), Degreasing and Dry Cleaning (NRF
3.B) and Other (NRF 3.D) in 2005-2012 (Gg)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
3.A 11.68 17.06 24.60 13.66 23.18 20.13 16.98 21.32
3.B 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
3.D.1 0.00 0.47 0.52 0.47 0.12 0.55 0.50 0.04
3.D.2 8.04 13.01 16.30 58.70 22.89 31.65 12.44 11.48
3.D.3 12.38 17.73 21.07 18.09 18.61 28.19 13.23 26.02
It is assumed that the NMVOC containing products imported in the country in a particular year
are utilized in the same year as the data of the actual use is not available or is confidential. In
CR information on a particular year, amount of produced and imported chemicals (ton), NACE
code, trade name, chemical name, CAS number and concentration (from … till %) is provided.
NMVOC emissions for years 1990-2004 were calculated proportionally, taking into account
the number of inhabitants provided by the Central Statistical Bureau (Table 5.4). Therefore
Implied emission factor (IEF) depends on the amount of NMVOC containing products in
particular year (activity data varies year to year).
Table 5.4 The number of population is used as activity data under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D for
years 1990-2005
Year Population
1990 2 668 140
1991 2 658 161
1992 2 643 000
1993 2 585 675
1994 2 540 904
1995 2 500 580
1996 2 469 531
1997 2 444 912
1998 2 420 789
1999 2 399 248
2000 2 381 715
2001 2 353 384
2002 2 320 956
2003 2 299 390
2004 2 276 520
2005 2 249 724
5.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty of available activity data under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D subsector was ±2% in 2012.
Time series consistency was ensured by using one method for all time series.
5.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
5.2.8 Recalculations
For period 1990-2012 recalculations have been carried out under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D mainly
due to two reasons. The first one is that the list of NMVOCs substance is supplemented,
therefore recalculations are carried out for all time series. The second reason is that the time
series consistency is performed using one method for all time series.
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5.2.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to obtain much more activity data from „Chemical Register” to ensure
completeness of the next submission. To achieve results it is necessary to supplement the list
of NMVOC substances.
5.4 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, MANUFACTURE AND PROCESSING (NFR 3 C)
5.4.1 Overview
This sector covers NMVOC emissions from the use of chemical products taking into account
many activities such as polyurethane and polystyrene foam processing, speciality organic
chemical industry, manufacture of paints, inks and glues, fat edible and non-edible oil
extraction and industrial application of adhesives as described by EMEP/EEA air pollutant
emission inventory guidebook – 2009.
5.4.2 Trends in emissions
Clearly visible fluctuations of NMVOC emissions can be observed in the NRF 3.C sector (Table
5.5) moustly due to the national economy.
Table 5.5 Emissions from Chemical Products, Manufacture and Processing (NRF 3.C) sector in
1990–2012 (Gg)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in 1990-2012, %
Chemical products 1.36 1.27 1.21 1.32 0.83 2.48 1.78 31.04
5.4.3 Methods
Country specific method was used to calculate NNMVOC emissions under NRF 3.C. For 2004-
2012 all NMVOC emissions data is obtained directly from database “2-Air”. The enterprises
have been reporting their produced NMVOC emissions dividing in a particular NMVOC.
To obtain a comparable data in time series for years 1990-2003 it was assumed that base
year for NMVOC emissions is year 2004, NMVOC emissions for years 1990-2003 were
calculated proportionally, taking into account the number of inhabitants.
5.4.4 Emission factors
All NMVOC emissions data is obtained directly from database “2-Air” at Ltd. Latvian
Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre therefore emission factors are not available.
5.4.5 Activity data
From the 1990ties till 2003 statistics for NRF 3.C also was not well kept due to the country-
wide changes in governmental system and national economy. For 2004-2012 all NMVOC
emissions data is obtained directly from database “2-Air” at State Ltd "Latvian Environment,
Geology and Meteorology Centre". “2-AIR” is database where enterprises (that do any pollution
activity and have category A, B, or C polluting activity) report their emissions data; it is
approximately 3000 enterprises in total every year. From these approximately 3000
enterprises data is used only from the enterprises that produced NMVOC emissions according
to EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2009. Activity data for time period
2004-2012 reported by enterprises is not available as these data is not required to be reported
and could be assumed as confidential.
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NMVOC emissions for years 1990-2003 were calculated proportionally, taking into account
the number of inhabitants provided by the Central Statistical Bureau (Table 5.4). Therefore
Implied emission factor (IEF) depends on the amount of NMVOC containing products in
particular year (activity data varies year to year).
5.4.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty of available activity data under NFR 3.C subsector was ±3% in 2012. Time series
consistency was ensured by using one method for all time series.
5.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
5.4.8 Recalculations
For period 1990-2012 recalculations have been carried out under NRF 3.C mainly for two
reasons. The first one is that the list of NACE code is supplemented therefore recalculations
are carried out for all time series. The second reason is that the time series consistency is
performed using one method for all time series.
5.4.9 Planned improvements
It is planned to obtain much more activity data from „Air-2” to ensure completeness of the
next submission. To achieve results it is necessary to supplement the list of NACE code and
particular NMVOC emitted substances.
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6. AGRICULTURE (NFR 4)
6.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
6.1.1 Overview
Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors. In Agriculture sector emissions
from following subsectors are calculated:
Manure management (NFR 4 B), which includes cattle, sheep, goats, horses, swine and
poultry;
Agricultural Soils (NFR 4 D), which includes Synthetic N-fertilizers;
PM emissions from Stables (NFR 4 B)
Other (4 G), which includes emissions from grassland burning.
In the Submission 2014, mainly NH3, PM, NOx, CO, DIOX and PAH emissions from Agricultural
sector are included.
Table 6.1 Source categories and methods for Agriculture sector
NFR code Longname Method EF AD
4 B Manure management Tier 1, 2 D, CS NS
4 D 1 a Synthetic N-fertilizers Tier 1 D NS
4 G Agriculture other(c) Tier 1 D NS
Table 6.2 Reported emissions in Agriculture sector in 2012
NFR code Emissions
4 B 1 a NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
4 B 1 b NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
4 B 3 NH3
4 B 4 NH3
4 B 6 NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
4 B 8 NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
4 B 9 a NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
4 D 1 a NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, PM10
4 G NOx, CO, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, total PAHs
6.1.2 Key sources
The Agricultural sector is responsible for the largest part of NH3 emissions – 91.34% in 2012.
The remaining part originates from Transport, Combustion in power plants and Waste water
handling.
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Figure 6.1 Distribution of emissions in Agriculture sector by subsectors in 2012 (%)
In 2012, the main part of the ammonia emissions in Agriculture sector is related to Manure
Management –64.3% (9.88 Gg) and use of synthetic fertilizers - 35% (5.48 Gg). 75.3% (0.20
Gg) of PM2.5 originates from manure management, 69.9% (1.75 Gg) of PM10 originates from
crop production.
6.1.3 Trends in emissions
Table 6.3 Trends in emissions from Agriculture sector between 199027 and 2012
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Changes in
1990-2012, %
NOx 0.003 0.003 0.011 0.01 0.012 0.008 0.009 260
NMVOC 1.4 0.8 0.76 0.86 0.95 0.93 0.97 -30.68
NH3 44.72 14.73 11.5 13.42 14.86 14.68 15.36 -65.66
PM2.5 NR NR 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.27 13.81
PM10 NR NR 1.98 2.27 2.48 2.4 2.5 26.14
TSP NR NR 0.99 1.1 1.12 1.06 1.09 11
CO 0.039 0.037 0.16 0.144 0.177 0.115 0.133 256.18
PCDD/
PCDF 0.003 0.003 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.01 0.011 250
PAHs 0.011 0.01 0.045 0.04 0.05 0.032 0.037 257.69
Trend of ammonia emissions from Agriculture is shown in the Table 6.3.
The ammonia emissions from Agriculture have decreased by 65.66% over the period of 1990
– 2012. The general reason for this is economical crisis during 1991-1995, when significantly
were decreased number of livestock in farms as well as use of nitrogen fertilisers. In the latest
27 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Dioxins PAHs
Agriculture other
Synthetic N-fertilizers
Laying hens
Swine
Horses
Goats
Sheep
Cattle non-dairy
Cattle dairy
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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years it ispossible to observe an increased use of fertilizers due to increase of agriculture land
use and expanding of crop production.
The emissions of Particulate Matters (PM) is compiled for 2000 to 2012. In 2012, emissions
decreased if compared with 2011. PM emission amount depends on the number of produced
animals. The particle emission includes primary particles in the form of dust from stables. The
main types of stables: cattle, swine, poultry and horse stable are included in the inventory. In
2000-2012 PM emissions from stables have increased by 11-26% which can be explained with
theincrease in livestock.
Emissions from grassland burning were determined according to IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003. Such
activities in Latvia appear seasonally and emission amount depends on the burned area. Area
of grassland burning was taken from State Fire and Rescue Service – SFRS. As it can be seen
from, the emissions from grassland burning (NOx, CO, PCDD, PCDF, PAHs) have an increasing
trend in 1990-2012 which is related with no adequate system of penalties for the violation of
burning prohibition
6.2 MANURE MANAGEMENT (NFR 4.B)
6.2.1 Overview
In the NFR category 4.B are included NH3 emissions from Manure Management.
In Figure 6.2, is shown emissions from Manure Management distributed on different livestock
categories in 2011. It is seen that the majority of the emission is related to the cattle (66%),
swine (18%) and poultry (13%) production.
Figure 6.2 Ammonia emissions from Manure Management in 2012
In Figure 6.2, is shown emissions from Manure Management distributed on different livestock
categories in 2012. It can be seen that the majority of the emission is related to the cattle
(66%), swine (16%) and poultry (13%) production.
4 B 1 a Cattle dairy35.93%
4 B 1 b Cattle non-dairy
30.57%4 B 3 Sheep
2.02%
4 B 4 Goats0.30%
4 B 6 Horses1.01%
4 B 8 Swine16.40%
4 B 9 a Laying hens
13.77%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
110
6.2.2 Trends in emissions
Table 6.4 Trends in emissions from Manure management between 1990 and 2012
NH3
Gg
1990 33.68
1995 13.76
2000 9.57
2005 9.98
2010 9.86
2011 9.66
2012 9.88
Change in 1990-2012, % -70.67
As seen in Table 6.4, emissions from agriculture noticeably decreased since the beginning of
90`s after Soviet system and large state, or collective farms collapsis. However, in recent years
there is possible to observe a slight increase of sown area, consumption of synthetics N-
fertilizers and livestock numbers. Latvian livestock industry has been influenced by historical
events and the changing world economic situation. Particularly significant changes in the
livestock industry began in 1992 after the restoration of Latvian independence when most of
big farms went into liquidation.
6.2.3 Methods
Emission calculation is based on EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook.
The emission is calculated as the sum of activities (ai) multiplied by the emission factor (EF)
for each activity.
iitotal EF a E
The emission estimates are calculated in Excel sheets.
6.2.4 Emissions factors
Data about annual N excretion per animal until 2004 (Table 6.5) obtained from national
studies.28 National expert made an account, based on a research, in which livestock manure
amount and nitrogen amount was analyzed over a long time period as well as different
available information (Annex 4).
Since 2005, annual N excretion per animal for emission calculation is corrected according to
results of newest studies on development of manure normative and livestock units carried out
by the State Ltd." Agrochemical Research Centre”. The corrected livestock units are given in
national regulations No. 33 Regarding Protection of Water and Soil from Pollution with Nitrates
28 Research during the Project „CORINAIR – Institutional strengthening of National Air Emissions Inventories in Latvia”, R. Sudārs. Nitrogen
Separation; GHG Emissions from Agriculture. Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics. Working papers 2(16)/2006; Melece L. Evaluation of Manure Management Systems for 1990 – 2003. 2005
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
111
Caused by Agricultural Activity but manure normative in home page of Ministry of Agriculture
of Latvia (www.zm.gov.lv).
The mass balance approach was used for estimating N excretion by farm livestock. It requires
information on both input (N intake) and output (N products) factors. N intake was calculated as feed
intake (kg of dry matter) x N content of the feed while Nproducts includes the N in live weight
gain, milk, etc.
According to information from previous national studies regarding average Nex for sheep and
goats (Table 6.5) in Latvia there was very low level of produced nitrogen (6 kg/animal/yr) in
difference from IPCC default (16 kg/animal/yr)29 nitrogen amount because:
basis of sheep and goats nutrition was rather poor as sheep and goats usually were
not fed additionally;
mainly local breed was used which is not very productive;
in general sheep and goats farming as a branch in Latvia was relatively weakly
developed.
Since Latvia accession to European Union in 2004 the increase in the number of animals is
seen for sheep and goats. The reason is increase of funding formed by EU budget and state
subsidies. Wherewith the technologies and quality of production were improved and the
capacity of realization of products was increased. The nitrogen extraction from those
categories of livestock has increased.
Table 6.5 Average N excretions per head of animal
Types of animals N, kg/year N, kg/year
till 2004 starting from 2005
Other cattle 50 50
Dairy cattle 71 70
Swine 10 10
Sheep, Goats* 6 13
Horse 46 48
Poultry 0.6 0.6
*value of Nex for Goats is assumed as for sheep
N excretion by swine remains 10 kg nitrogen per animal in a year that is low value compared
with IPCC default (20 kg/animal/yr). The newest studies show a big difference in N excretion
(4.5-19.4 kg/animal/yr) by different sub-categories of swine, but in average N excretion is
about 10 kg/animal/yr.
Table 6.6 N excretion for swine in average
Livestock Category Number N
of livestock in average excretion
2005-2008, thsd. kg/head/yr*
Piglets (7.0-30.0 kg) 91.7 4.5
Fattening pigs (30-100 kg) 157.8 10,2
Young breeding sow (80-180 kg) 15.3 15.6
29 Revised 1996 IPCC, Table 4-20, page 4.99.
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Livestock Category Number N
of livestock in average excretion
2005-2008, thsd. kg/head/yr*
Breeding sows (180-240 kg) 35.7 19.4
Total 300.5
In average 9.7
*No. of production cycles/year: 6.4 for piglets, 3.2 for fattening pigs, 1,85 for young breeding sows, 2.35 for
breeding sows
There are some inconsistencies between statistical data and pig production practice in Latvia.
The Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia is collecting data on population of swine of such sub-
categories:
- piglets, live weight less than 20 kg (including sucking piglets);
- young pigs, live weight 20-50 kg;
- fattening pigs;
- young breeding sows;
- breeding sows.
Commercial pig production in Latvia mainly includes four or five phases, to take account of
changes in nutrient requirements with increasing age of the pig: piglets with live weight 7-30
kg, fattening pigs 30-100 kg or 7-100 kg, young breeding sows and breeding sows. Therefore
there are not researches data on N excretion by young pigs with live weight 20-50 kg. N
excretion for breeding sows is calculated taken into account N excretion by sucking piglets.
The average N excretion values for pigs in other European countries vary from 9.0 until 12.4
kg per animal per year (Witzke, H.P. & Oenema, O. Assessment of most promising measures.
Service contract „Integrated measures in agriculture to reduce ammonia emissions”. Alterra,
Wageningen, 31 May 2007).
The emission factor is based on Latvian conditions (Table 6.7). The NH3 emission is split up in
emission from stable, storage, application and grassing based on default values given in
EMEP/CORINAIR guidelines.
Table 6.7 Average ammonia emission factors* (kg)
Animal category 1990 - 2003 2004 Starting from 2005
Dairy cattle 22.09 21.84 21.53
Other cattle 13.45 13.23 13.23
Sheep 1.12 1.1 2.39
Goats 1.12 1.1 2.39
Horses 8.84 8.72 9.1
Swine 4.56 4.56 4.56
Poultry 0.28 0.28 0.28
*from research by local expert (2005)
6.2.5 Activity data
The number of cattle, sheep, horses, swine and goats were obtained from the Statistical
yearbooks of Latvia and Collections of statistical data “Agricultural farms of Latvia” and
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113
“Agriculture of Latvia” (Table 6.8)30. Buffalo, camels and llamas, mules and donkeys do not
occur in Latvia.
Table 6.8 Number of livestock for 1990 – 2012 in the end of the year (thousand heads)
Year Dairy cattle Non - Dairy cattle Sheep Goats Horses Swine Poultry
1990 535.00 904.00 165.00 5.00 31.00 1401.00 10321.00
1991 531.00 852.00 184.00 6.00 30.00 1247.00 10395.00
1992 482.00 662.00 165.00 6.00 28.00 867.00 5438.00
1993 351.00 327.00 114.00 6.00 26.00 482.00 4124.00
1994 311.90 239.10 86.30 7.40 26.80 500.70 3700.00
1995 291.00 245.10 72.10 8.90 27.20 552.80 4198.00
1996 275.00 234.00 55.50 8.40 25.80 459.60 3790.70
1997 263.00 214.00 41.00 8.90 23.00 430.00 3551.00
1998 242.00 192.00 29.00 10.50 22.00 421.00 3209.00
1999 206.00 172.00 27.00 8.10 19.00 405.00 3237.00
2000 204.50 162.20 28.60 10.40 19.90 393.50 3104.60
2001 209.00 176.00 29.00 11.50 20.00 429.00 3621.00
2002 205.00 183.00 32.00 13.00 19.00 453.00 3882.00
2003 186.00 193.00 39.00 15.00 15.00 444.40 4003.00
2004 186.20 184.90 38.60 14.70 15.50 435.70 4049.50
2005 185.20 200.00 41.60 14.90 13.90 427.90 4092.30
2006 182.00 195.00 41.00 14.00 14.00 417.00 4488.00
2007 180.00 219.00 54.00 13.00 13.00 414.00 4757.00
2008 170.40 209.80 67.10 12.90 13.10 383.70 4620.50
2009 165.50 212.70 70.70 13.20 12.60 376.50 4828.90
2010 164.10 215.40 76.80 13.50 12.00 389.70 4948.70
2011 164.10 216.50 79.70 13.40 11.50 375.00 4417.90
2012 164.60 228.50 83.60 13.30 10.90 355.20 4910.90
The livestock industry has been influenced by historical events and the changing world
economic situation. Particularly significant changes in the livestock industry began in 1992
after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the restoration of Latvian independence. Since the
Soviet Union had a planned economy, when Latvia was incorporated, most of the output of
livestock products was carried out in other Soviet republics. Most farms which were a big dairy
cows, fattening cattle, pig and poultry farms, went into liquidation. Many industrial companies
ceased to operate, fell in purchasing power and demand for dairy products and meat and meat
products, as well as their exports to Russia and CIS countries. Russian crisis almost stopped
the export of livestock products. Reorientation of livestock product export to Western markets
was more difficult in terms of market saturation and because the Latvian products are not
necessarily in their requirements.
All the above conditions affect the Latvian farmers and they were forced to reduce the milk,
meat and egg production levels, and reduce and eliminate the herds. Consequently, livestock
numbers declined most rapidly in 1990 - 1994 in all sectors, except for goat farming, goat
rearing, not particularly widespread in Latvia. Starting with 1995 dairy cattle numbers
continued to decline. Beef cattle numbers continue to decline until 2001, which is due to the
fact that the Latvian mostly subsistence farmers held from 1 to 2 dairy cows. At the process
of the Soviet system farm liquidation even the sheep as engaged at the level of subsistence
30 Agriculture of Latvia. Collection of Statistical Data (2012) and www.csb.gov.lv
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
114
farms. Pig industry declined rapidly until 1996, but starting in 1997 the reduction is no longer
as sharp. In the case of stud-farms – after 1990 because of all the above-mentioned social
and economic changes stud-farms eliminating, the horses were sold, only the strongest stud-
farms continued to work. Poultry industry is related to the reduction of large poultry farms
dissolution in 1990 - 1993 years.
Starting with 2002 the number of animals has stabilized, but with 2004, according to Latvian
accession to the European Union, the increase in the number of animals is seen for beef cattle,
sheep and goat industries. The livestock sector has contributed to the development of
European Union agricultural subsidies and public sectors.
In 2008, there has been a reduction in dairy cows, compared with 2007, by 5.5%, which was
due to the low procurement prices of milk, and pig production has seen a reduction in the
number of animals compared to the year 2007 with the year 2008 by 7%, which is associated
with very high feed prices. In 2012, there have been quite small changes in animal numbers,
compared with 2011, however it is possible to observe the decrease of swine, horse and goats
numbers.
6.2.6 Uncertainties
Activity data uncertainty could be 2%. Emission factors may be uncertain to 50%.
6.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
6.2.8 Recalculations
Recalculations have been done due to use of methodology described in Emission Inventory
Guidebook 2013. Recalculations are done for NH3 emissions from synthetics N- fertilizers.
6.2.9 Planned improvements
No improvements have been planned for the next inventory.
6.3 AGRICULTURAL SOILS (NFR 4.D)
6.3.1 Overview
Latvia reports under category 4.D ammonia and NMVOC emissions from use of synthetic
fertilisers as well as and PM emissions from crop production and agricultural soils (Table 6.9).
6.3.2 Trends in emissions
Table 6.9 Emissions from fertilizers use and crop production and agricultural soils in 1990-
2011 (Gg)
Year Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 Change in
1990-2012, %
NH3 Gg 13.14 1.15 2.3 4.09 2.02 2.16 -83.56
NMVO
C
Gg 7.80E-07 6.80E-08 1.40E-07 2.40E-07 3.50E-07 3.60E-07 -53.85
PM2.5 Gg/
ha
0.1 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 -30.00
PM10 Gg/
ha
2.54 1.45 1.37 1.56 1.72 1.7 -33.07
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Emissions noticeably decreased since the beginning of 90`s after Soviet system and large
state, or collective farms collapsis, when after the restoration of Latvian independence most
of big collective farms went into liquidation and agricultural production were reduced.
However, PM emissions from crop production and agricultural soils are increasing since 2000,
that is explained with an increase of areas of crop and agricultural soils. If to compare NH3
emissions in 2011 and 2012, there are most evident increase of emission from synthetic N-
fertilizers use according to statistical information that consumption of synthetics fertilizers
were arise by 9% in 2012 comparing to 2011.
6.3.3 Methods
For emission calculation the IPCC 1996 methodology was used. NH3 emissions from fertilizers
is depending on consumption and type of fertilizers, but such detailed information isn’t
available and it is decided to use IPCC default assumption that 10% of the mass of used
fertilizers are NH3 emissions. However, for time period 2008-2012 calculation of NH3
emissions is done based on fertilizer type data, according to data availability. Activity data is
used according to information provided by CSB (Figure 6.3).
Figure 6.3 Used nitrogen (kt)
The Tier 1 approach for PM and NMVOC emissions from crop production and agricultural soils
uses the general equation:
E pollutant = AR area * EF pollutant
where:
E pollutant = amount of pollutant emitted (kg a-1),
AR area = area covered by crop (ha),
EF pollutant = EF of pollutant (kg ha-1 a-1).
The Tier 1 approach for NH3 emissions from crop production and agricultural soils uses the
equation:
13
1.4
11
2.4
66
39
.7
29
11
.5
14
.5
19
.4
19
.6
19 2
3 31
.6
27
.6 37
.4
35
.2 40
.9
42
.7
46
.1
47
.5 51
.9 59
.5
59
.8 65
.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
kt
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
116
E pollutant = AR fertilizer applied * EF pollutant
where:
E pollutant = amount of pollutant emitted (kg a-1),
AR fertilizer applied = amount of N applied (kg a-1),
EF pollutant = EF of pollutant (kg kg-1).
6.3.4 Emission factors
The Tier 1 default NH3 EF 0.081 was used for NH3 calculations from inorganic N-fertilizers as
described in EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Section 3.D Crop
production and agricultural soils, Table 3-1.
6.3.5 Activity data
Area covered by crops is taken from the CSB (Figure 6.4).
Figure 6.4 Area covered by crops, thsd.ha
The area of crops decreased by 31% from 1990-2012 therefore PM emissions decreased to by
the same % value.
6.3.6 Uncertainties
Activity data uncertainty could be 2%. Emission factors may be uncertain to 100%.
6.3.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
6.3.8 Recalculations
Recalculations have been done due to use of methodology described in Emission Inventory
Guidebook 2013. Recalculations are done for PM from manure management and crop
production.
6.3.9 Planned improvements
No improvements have been planned to be done in the next inventory.
1 6
27
.00
1 6
21
.20
1 5
72
.10
1 4
25
.60
1 1
94
.60
93
0.2
98
6.1
1 0
02
.80
98
3.4
91
2.3
88
1.1
86
9.8
87
7.7
85
1.1
89
9.2
99
9.6
1 1
22
.70
1 1
26
.20
1 1
11
.50
1 1
12
.00
11
02
.7
10
86
.7
11
22
.1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
THSD
. HA
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
117
6.4 PM EMISSION FROM STABLES (NFR 4.B)
6.4.1 Overview
The particle emission includes primary particles in the form of dust from stables (Figure 6.5).
Three main types of stables, cattle, swine and poultry stable are included in this inventory.
6.4.2 Trends in emissions
Figure 6.5 PM emissions in 2000 – 2012 (Gg)
6.4.3 Methods
The Tier 1 default was used for PM calculations from animal husbandry as described in
EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Section 3.B Manure management.
The emission is calculated as the sum of activities (a) multiplied by the emission factors (EF)
for each activity (Tier 1).
E = a x EF
6.4.4 Emission factors
The emission calculation is based on the factors EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook
2013. PM emission factors by type are shown in the Table 6.10.
Table 6.10 PM and TSP Emission factors
Animal category PM 2.5 PM 10 TSP
Dairy cattle 0.41 0.63 1.38
Non – Dairy cattle 0.14 0.22 0.47
Swine 0.07 0.38 0.83
Horse 0.14 0.22 0.48
Poultry 0.02 0.09 0.09
Inorganic N-fertilisers 0.06 1.56 NA
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PM2.5 PM10 TSP PM2.5 PM10 TSP PM2.5 PM10 TSP PM2.5 PM10 TSP PM2.5 PM10 TSP
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012
GG
4 B 1 a Cattle Dairy 4 B 1 b Cattle Non-Dairy 4 B 6 Horses 4 B 8 Swine 4 B 9 Poultry
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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The Tier 1 default was used for PM calculations from animal husbandry’s described in
EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Section 3.B Manure management.
6.4.5 Activity data
The number of animals is based on Statistics of Latvia and shown in the Table 6.8.
6.4.6 Uncertainties
Activity data uncertainty could be 2%.
6.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
6.4.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
6.4.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned to carry out.
6.5 OTHER (NFR 4G)
6.5.1 Overview
Under category 4.G Other is included NOx, CO, DIOX and PAH emissions from grassland
burning. Such activities in Latvia appeared seasonally.
6.5.2 Trends in emissions
Table 6.11 Emissions from grassland burning in 1993-2012
Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx Gg
0.0027 0.0025 0.0109 0.0097 0.0120 0.0078 0.0090 233.33
CO 0.0393 0.0372 0.1601 0.1435 0.1766 0.1146 0.1325 237.15
Dioxins g I-Teq 0.0033 0.0032 0.0136 0.0122 0.0150 0.0097 0.0112 239.39
benzo(a) pyrene
Mg
0.0048 0.0045 0.0195 0.0175 0.0216 0.0140 0.0162 237.50
benzo(b) fluoranthene 0.0029 0.0027 0.0117 0.0105 0.0129 0.0084 0.0097 234.48
benzo(k) fluoranthene 0.0014 0.0014 0.0059 0.0053 0.0065 0.0042 0.0048 242.86
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene 0.0019 0.0018 0.0078 0.0070 0.0086 0.0056 0.0065 242.11
Total 1-4 0.0110 0.0104 0.0449 0.0403 0.0496 0.0322 0.0372 238.18
Emission amount is dependent from the burned area and is shown in the Table 6.11. It can
be seen that emissions have increased due to increase of areas burned.
6.5.3 Methods
Emissions regarding burning were determined according to IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003,
EMEP/CORINAIR and UNEP, Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin
and Furan Releases.
6.5.4 Emission factors
Emission factors for emission calculation regarding burning of grassland (g/kg dry matter
combusted) are shown in the Table 6.12 (IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003).
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Table 6.12 Default emission factors for emission calculation related burning of last year’s
grass
CO 59
NOx 4
Mass of burnt biomass is used as 2.4 t DM/ha according to IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003. Fraction
of the biomass burnt; dimensionless is used 0.5 according to IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003.
PAH emissions are calculated according to EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook, but
DIOX emissions are calculated according to UNEP, Standardized Toolkit for Identification and
Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases. Emission factor is chosen as for Grassland and
moor fires – 5 µg TEQ/t.
6.5.5 Activity data
Area of grassland burning was taken from SFRS (Figure 6.6) and data are available starting
from 1993. However, an expert’s assumption for years 1990-1992 was made, using
extrapolation from burned areas in last 5 years.
Figure 6.6 Area of last years grass
6.4.6 Uncertainties
Activity data uncertainty could be 20%. Emission factors may be uncertain to 100%.
6.4.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessment of trends have been performed.
6.4.8 Recalculations
No recalculations have been carried out.
6.4.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned to be carried out.
55
5
89
3
12
32
21 98 52
6
12
24
57
6
12
55
26
85
22
62 4
80
0
11
54
7 14
33
5
67
17
20
27
25
80
6
40
48
11
70
44
62
24
95
16
18
18
71
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Ha
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7. LAND-USE, LAND-USE CHANGES AND FORESTRY (NFR 7A)
7.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
This category comprises NOx, CO, DIOX, PAH emissions arising from burning on site in forest
(Table 7.1).
Table 7.1 Emissions from on – site burning in the forest
Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx Gg
0.2 0.28 0.46 0.29 0.29 0.11 0.11 -45.00
CO 7.11 9.82 16.18 10.11 10.37 3.74 3.90 -45.15
Dioxins g I-Teq 0.48 0.67 1.10 0.69 0.71 0.25 0.27 -43.75
benzo(a) pyrene
Mg
0.7 0.96 1.59 0.99 1.02 0.37 0.38 -45.71
benzo(b)
fluoranthene 0.42 0.58 0.95 0.59 0.61 0.22 0.23 -45.24
benzo(k)
fluoranthene 0.21 0.29 0.48 0.30 0.31 0.11 0.12 -42.86
Indeno (1,2,3-cd)
pyrene 0.28 0.38 0.63 0.40 0.41 0.15 0.15 -46.43
Total 1-4 1.61 2.21 3.65 2.28 2.35 0.85 0.88 -45.34
Emission fluctuation is depending from volume of annual felling and the approach used to
utilize harvesting residues. Since 2005 it is becoming more and more common to use
harvesting residues from final felling in forest biofuel production; therefore, incineration and
other types of utilization of residues are not used widely anymore. The study on the actual
utilization practice was implemented by LSFRI Silava in 2012. The study results demonstrated
that no harvesting residues are incinerated in state forests and in 15 % of the clear-felling
sites (by area) harvesting residues are incinerated in private forests31. Due to lack of
information about transition between previous practice and correct figures of incineration of
harvesting residues, it is assumed that incineration of harvesting residues is reduced in 2011,
but earlier studies32 are used for previous years.
7.2 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
Methods
Generally was used IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 and EMEP/CORINAIR simpler methodology.
Emissions are estimated - emission factor multiplied by activity data provided by National
forest inventory, State forest service and Fire and Rescue Service.
Dioxins
Calculated according to the UNEP methodology, EF from 97. pp. 5 micrograms TEQ/t
incinerated material
31Lazdiņš, A., Zariņš, J., 2013. Meža ugunsgrēku un mežizstrādes atlieku dedzināšanas radītās siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas Latvijā (Greenhouse gas emissions due to forest fires and incineration of harvesting residues in Latvia), in: ReferātuTēzes. Presented at the Latvijas Universitātes 71. zinātniskā konference “Ģeogrāfija, ģeoloģija, vides zinātne”, Latvijas Universitāte, Rīga, pp. 133–137.
32Līpiņš, L., 2004. Assessment of wood resources and efficiency of wood utilization (Koksnes izejvielu resersu un to izmantošanas efektivitātes novērtējums).
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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Emission factors and other parameters
For emission calculation from burning on - site in the forest were used default emission factors
according to IPCC GPG 2000 and EMEP/CORINAIR Guidebook (Table 7.2).
Table 7.2 Emission ratios for open burning of forests
Emission factors for open burning of cleared forests
CO 0.06
NOx 0.121
Biomass Oxidised On Site 0.33
Nitrogen Carbon Ratio of Biomass burned 0.01
Emission factors for other PAHs were estimated by multiplying the Benz [a] pyrene emission
factor by the appropriate ratios (Table 7.3).
Table 7.3 PAH emission factors and ratios for burning
Default emission factor (best estimate),
Ratio
Emission factor,
PAH g/t g/t
Benzo [b] fluoranthene 7.2 0.6 4.32
Benzo [k] fluoranthene 7.2 0.3 2.16
Benz [a] pyrene 7.2 1 7.2
Indeno [123cd] pyrene 7.2 0.4 2.88
The following assumptions were used:
The following assumptions have been made for slash calculation, which was burned (Source:
State Forest Service):
1990-1999 – 50 % of residues are left for incineration and the remaining 50 % are left
to decay;
2000-2010 – slash on-site burning 30 % and 70 % left to decay;
2011 – 15 % of harvesting residues are left for incineration.
From the slash burned on-site, 2/3 is actually burned on-site, and 1/3 is gathered by
population and used as fuel wood or are left in the forest for decay. Since 2011 it is considered
that all biomass is burned on-site.
Activity data
The Timber harvesting volume was used from CSB publications and databases. Amount of
slash was assumed as 20.2% from annual cutting volume according national research [12].
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Figure 7.1 Harvesting residues and residues left for incineration (1000 tons)
Uncertainties
Uncertainty of harvesting stock is considered 10 % for the whole period.
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8. WASTE (NFR 6)
8.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW
8.1.1 Overview of sector
Waste management has acquired prior significance in the environmental protection policy as
one of the instruments for sustainable use of natural resources. The main directions in the
waste management are the development of the construction of polygons and collecting system
for non–hazardous municipal waste and the development of system for the collection and
treatment of hazardous waste. At the moment 11 non-hazardous waste polygons and one
polygon for hazardous waste got A category permit according to IPPC directive. Biogas
collection and use for energy production from biodegradable wastes and sludge is set as one
of priorities in Latvia.
Main activity data sources for emissions calculations in waste sector is waste data base, which
is developed by LEGMC. According to the information from LEGMC the total generated volume
of waste are shown in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Generated wastes in Latvia
Year Municipal (all non-hazardous) wastes Hazardous wastes Total
2006 1420.46 54.372 1474.832
2007 1386.57 41.605 1428.175
2008 1368.79 46.4 1415.16
2009 1033.91 55.563 1089.473
2010 1131.404 55.089 1186.493
2011 1535.057 58.476 1593.533
2012 1799.440 85.121 1884.561
Table 8.2 shows the methods and source for activity data and emission factors used for
emission calculating in Waste sector. Table 8.3 shows list of pollutants which are produced in
Waste sector.
Table 8.2 Source categories and methods for Waste sector
NFR code Longname Method AD EF
6 A Solid waste disposal on land Tier 1 PS D
6 B Waste-water handling Tier 2 PS, CS D
6 C a Clinical waste incineration Tier 1 PS D
6 C d Cremation Tier 1 PS D
Table 8.3 Reported emissions in Waste sector in 2012
NFR code Emissions
6 A NMVOC
6 B NMVOC, NH3
6 C a NOx, NMVOC, SOx, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, dioxines, PAHs, HCB, PCB
6 C d NOx, NMVOC, SOx, TSP, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, dioxines, benzo(a)pyrene
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
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8.1.2 Key sources
Figure 8.1 Distribution of emissions in Waste sector by subsectors in 2012 (%)
Emissions of NH3 are key source in Waste water handling sector (6B). Emissions of heavy
metals, PAHs, HCB, PCBs and PCDD/PCDF occurs only from waste incineration and cremation,
relatively these are small amounts.
8.1.3 Trends in emissions
Table 8.4 Change in emissions from Wastes sector between 199033 and 2012 (%)
Pollutant Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
NOx Gg NO 0.0002 0.0010 0.0008 0.0008 0.0012 0.0011 100.0
NMVOC Gg 0.275 0.302 0.333 0.303 0.355 0.357 0.369 34.4
SOx Gg NO 0.0003 0.0007 0.0010 0.0012 0.0017 0.0016 100.0
NH3 Gg 1.308 1.227 0.996 1.044 1.016 0.779 0.796 -39.2
PM2.5 Gg NR NR 2.76E-06 8.61E-07 8.00E-07 2.52E-08 NO -100.0
PM10 Gg NR NR 4.83E-06 1.51E-06 1.40E-06 4.41E-08 NO -100.0
TSP Gg NR NR 5.16E-05 7.55E-05 3.91E-05 2.21E-04 2.12E-04 311.6
CO Gg NO 7.95E-05 3.65E-04 5.17E-04 3.46E-04 1.37E-03 1.31E-03 100
Pb Mg NO 1.05E-08 1.63E-03 1.61E-03 4.27E-04 4.93E-03 4.77E-03 100
Cd Mg NO 1.75E-09 1.25E-04 1.24E-04 3.28E-05 3.79E-04 3.67E-04 100
Hg Mg NO 5.27E-07 4.91E-04 8.30E-04 1.16E-04 3.03E-03 2.94E-03 100
As Mg NO 6.2E-09 8.44E-05 1.36E-04 1.99E-05 4.93E-04 4.77E-04 100
Cr Mg NO 4.76E-09 4.72E-04 5.45E-04 1.20E-04 1.78E-03 1.72E-03 100
Cu Mg NO 4.35E-09 2.22E-03 9.11E-04 6.33E-04 1.00E-03 9.54E-04 100
Ni Mg NO 6.03E-09 1.19E-04 7.10E-05 3.32E-05 1.52E-04 1.47E-04 100
Zn Mg NO NO 0.0145 0.0045 0.0042 0.0001 NO 0.0
PCDD/
PCDF
g I-
Teq NO 9.48E-06 0.411 0.382 0.109 1.139 1.101 100.0
benzo(a)
pyrene Mg NO 5.81E-12 1.16E-11 1.57E-11 2.17E-11 2.22E-11 2.03E-11 100.0
33 For PMs the base year is 2000 instead of 1990
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO
x
NM
VO
C
SOx
NH
3
TSP
CO Pb
Cd
Hg
As Cr
Cu Ni
PC
DD
/PC
DF
PA
Hs
HC
B
PC
Bs
6 A 6 B 6 C a 6 C d
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Pollutant Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Change in
1990-2012, %
Total
PAHs Mg NO NO 1.381E-05 4.307E-06 4.001E-06 1.412E-07 1.468E-08 100.0
HCB kg NO NO 0.0070 0.0106 0.0017 0.0379 0.0367 100.0
PCBs kg NO NO 0.0011 0.0020 0.0003 0.0076 0.0073 100.0
Emission estimates from the waste sector include:
NMVOC emissions from solid waste disposal;
NMVOC emissions from waste water handling;
Many pollutant emissions from incineration of hazardous and clinical wastes and
cremation Emissions from waste incineration with energy recovery are counted under
Energy sector.
Data on hazardous waste in Latvia have been collected and compiled by LEGMC since 1997
but data on municipal waste since 2001. Since year 2002 data bases about hazardous and
municipal wastes are combined in one data base “3-Wastes”. Data in this data base are taken
from State Statistical survey about wastes, which occurs every year. Statistical survey about
wastes must fill all enterprises, which have permits on pollutant activities (A and B category)
and all enterprises, which have permits on waste management operations.
Data of wastewater treatment and discharge have been collected since 1991 in the frame of
state statistical survey “2-Water”. State statistical survey “2-Water” must be filled by all
enterprises which have permits on water use, water resources use or mineral deposits quarry
use, or else A and B category polluting activity permit or C category acknowledgment. CSB
data also are used as activity data for emission calculation.
8.2 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
8.2.1 Source category description
Solid waste disposal is a main waste treatment operation in Latvia. Significant amount of
landfill gas is emitted annually from waste disposal sites. NMVOC are some part of landfill gas.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
126
Figure 8.2 Disposed waste amounts in Latvia (Gg)
8.2.2 Trends in emissions
Figure 8.3 NMVOC emissions from Solid waste disposal (kt)
Emissions of NMVOC from solid waste disposal correlate with CH4 emissions, which are
calculated according to UNFCCC requirements. These emissions mostly relates to disposed
waste amounts in landfills.
8.2.3 Methods
NMVOC emissions from solid waste disposal are calculated. “EMEP/EEA inventory guidebook
2009” for emissions calculations is used. To estimate NMVOC emissions volume of landfill gas
must be calculated. Volume of landfill gas is calculated from methane aamounts, what is
estimated according to First Order decay method.
57
6.1
5
56
6.2
5
56
8.9
6
57
2.3
1
59
7.6
4
51
8.7
4
54
0.5
1
55
8.0
0
57
6.0
0
59
4.0
0
61
4.0
0
63
2.0
0
65
8.0
0
57
8.8
6
59
4.9
9
61
0.8
5
67
0.0
1
77
5.1
5
70
4.7
5
63
7.5
0
60
5.3
6
54
8.6
7
52
9.5
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
kt
0.2
7
0.2
8
0.2
8
0.2
9
0.2
9
0.3
0
0.3
0
0.3
0
0.3
1
0.3
2
0.3
2
0.3
3
0.3
3
0.3
0
0.2
9
0.3
0
0.3
1
0.3
3
0.3
4
0.3
4
0.3
5
0.3
5
0.3
6
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Gg
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
127
8.2.4 Emission factors
Coefficient for NMVOC calculation is – 5.65 g NMVOC/m3 landfill gas.
8.2.5 Activity data
To calculate NMVOC emissions - amount of landfill gas must be known. Landfill gas is
calculated according to methane emissions from UNFCCC reports.
Data about disposed amounts are taken from waste statistical survey “3-Wastes”.
Table 8.5 Disposed waste amounts and Landfill gas volume in Latvia
Year Disposed waste amounts (Gg) Landfill gas volume (m3)
1990 635.4 46996401
1991 599.6 48732504
1992 563.9 50140208
1993 528.2 51228521
1994 492.5 52032961
1995 456.8 52554891
1996 476 53177477
1997 506.3 53970962
1998 536.6 54928012
1999 567 56035324
2000 597.3 57286085
2001 627.7 58675897
2002 658 58355733
2003 578.9 53483728
2004 631.7 51118694
2005 610.9 52716989
2006 670 54976830
2007 775.1 57904037
2008 704.8 60305803
2009 637.5 60853208
2010 605.4 62003531
2011 548.7 62525794
2012 529.5 63871957
8.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainity for activity data is estimated as 20%. The same uncertainity is used also for
calculations in UNFCCC.
8.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Assessments of trends have been performed.
8.2.8 Recalculations
No recalculations are done.
8.2.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned.
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128
8.3 WASTE WATER HANDLING
8.3.1 Source category description
Data of LEGMC shows there were 529 millions m3 of waste water discharged in Latvia (2012).
Most of national population (76%, 2012) is served by urban waste water collecting and
treatment.
Emissions of NH3 from latrines and NMVOC from Waste Water Handling were calculated within
this report.
Table 8.6 NMVOC and ammonia emissions from Waste water handling
NMVOC NH3
1990 0.0090 1.31
1995 0.0054 1.23
2000 0.0039 1.00
2005 0.0034 1.04
2010 0.0036 1.02
2011 0.0036 0.78
2012 0.0079 0.80
Change in 1990-2012, % -11.83 -39.16
Both NMVOC and NH3 emissions are decreasing over entire period due to such factors as slow
decrease of national population, increase of collection and treatment of waste water and
increase of industrial activity because of collapse of USSR.
8.3.2 Methods and emission factors
For emission calculation “EMEP EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2009” was used as
methodology source. According to methodology, activity data are multiplied by according
emission factors to calculate emissions, and for both substances emitted methodologies are
considered to be Tier 2 methods.
Table 8.7 Activity data and emission factors for calculation of NH3 and NMVOC emission
from Waste Water Handling sector
Emission Activity data Emission factor value Emission factor unit
NH3 Population using latrines 1.6 kg/pers/year
NMVOC Amount of waste water produced 15 mg/m3 waste water
Default EMEP emission factors for both NH3 and NMVOC were used.
8.3.2 Activity data
Activity data were taken from water use, treatment and discharge national statistics (data base
of state statistical survey “2-Water”).
Table 8.8 Activity data type and value example
Emission Source of activity data Activity data
value (2012)
NH3
Population using latrines was calculated as difference between entire national
population and number of population served by urban waste water treatment
plants
497 (thousands
of people)
NMVOC Amount of waste water produced and discharged 529 (millions of
m3)
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129
Statistical data on number of national population served or not served by waste water
collecting and treatment services is available from year 2000. Extrapolation was used to obtain
part of population not served for period 1990-1999. Extrapolation and change in reporting
procedure implemented in 2008 can lead to some inconsistency of statistical data results.
Table 8.9 Activity data and result of emission (NH3 and NMVOC) calculations from Waste
Water Handling sector 1990-2012
Year Population using
latrines
Emission of NH3,
Gg
Amount of waste water produced,
mio m3
Emission of NMVOC,
Gg
1990 817 511 1.308 600 0.009
1991 814 592 1.303 571 0.009
1992 810 892 1.296 526 0,008
1993 792 687 1.268 427 0.006
1994 779 117 1.247 402 0.006
1995 766 576 1.227 357 0.005
1996 757 455 1.212 331 0.005
1997 750 856 1.201 327 0.005
1998 742 670 1.188 320 0.005
1999 736 139 1.178 283 0.004
2000 622 697 0.996 257 0.004
2001 752 547 1.204 244 0.004
2002 699 982 1.12 243 0.004
2003 663 230 1.061 229 0.003
2004 744 255 1.191 211 0.003
2005 625 525 1.044 226 0.003
2006 643 794 1.13 196 0.003
2007 618 292 0.989 210 0.003
2008 690 414 1.105 245 0.004
2009 656 711 1.051 285 0.004
2010 635 066 1.016 241 0.004
2011 487 130 0.779 241 0.004
2012 497 343 0.796 529 0.008
8.2.6 Uncertainties
The following uncertainties were used for Wastewater Handling sector for activity data and
emission factors:
Table 8.10 Uncertainties for Waste Water handling sector
Emission Activity data Emission factor
NH3 10% 30%
NMVOC 10% 30%
8.2.7 QA/QC and verification
QA/QC and verification included:
Quality check of activity data in the period of reporting;
Quality check in calculation of emissions for UNFCCC NIR;
Trend analysis.
8.2.8 Recalculations
NH3 emissions were recalculated for entire period due to update of nation population data.
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
130
8.2.9 Planned improvements
No improvements are planned for the next submission.
8.4 WASTE INCINERATION
8.4.1 Source category description
Currently there are no large amounts of waste being incinerated in Latvia. The biggest waste
amounts are incinerated with energy recovery and these emissions are counted in energy
sector. There are problems for waste classification, because many types of wastes could be
classified as fuel, for example chippings or used oils, then these amounts are not reported in
waste data base in waste incineration part. Data about waste incineration are only available
since year 1999. These wastes are classified as hazardous and clinical wastes. Under
hazardous wastes amount are counted many types of solvents and other industrial wastes that
could be hard to use as fuels. For clinical wastes all 18 EWC group codes are counted.
Emissions from various types of fires such as landfill fires and open burning of garden waste
are not estimated for Latvia.
8.4.2 Emission trends
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 Changes in
1990-2012, %
NOx
(as NO2) NO 1.74E-04 1.03E-03 8.03E-04 8.41E-04 1.20E-03 1.12E-03 100
NMVOC NO 7.33E-06 5.16E-03 1.68E-03 1.52E-03 3.40E-04 2.82E-04 100
SOx
(as SO2) NO 3.07E-04 7.25E-04 9.85E-04 1.17E-03 1.70E-03 1.59E-03 100
PM2.5 NR NR 2.76E-06 8.61E-07 8.00E-07 2.52E-08 NO 0
PM10 NR NR 4.83E-06 1.51E-06 1.40E-06 4.41E-08 NO 0
TSP NR NR 5.16E-05 7.55E-05 3.91E-05 2.21E-04 2.12E-04 100
CO NO 7.95E-05 3.65E-04 5.17E-04 3.46E-04 1.37E-03 1.31E-03 100
Pb NO 1.05E-08 1.63E-03 1.61E-03 4.27E-04 4.93E-03 4.77E-03 100
Cd NO 1.75E-09 1.25E-04 1.24E-04 3.28E-05 3.79E-04 3.67E-04 100
Hg NO 5.27E-07 4.91E-04 8.30E-04 1.16E-04 3.03E-03 2.94E-03 100
As NO 6.20E-09 8.44E-05 1.36E-04 1.99E-05 4.93E-04 4.77E-04 100
Cr NO 4.76E-09 4.72E-04 5.45E-04 1.20E-04 1.78E-03 1.72E-03 100
Cu NO 4.35E-09 2.22E-03 9.11E-04 6.33E-04 1.00E-03 9.54E-04 100
Ni NO 6.03E-09 1.19E-04 7.10E-05 3.32E-05 1.52E-04 1.47E-04 100
Zn NO NO 1.45E-02 4.52E-03 4.20E-03 1.32E-04 NO 0
PCDD/ PCDF NO 9.48E-06 0.411 0.382 0.109 1.139 1.101 100
benzo(a) pyrene NO 5.81E-12 1.16E-11 1.57E-11 2.17E-11 2.22E-11 2.03E-11 100
Total PAHs NO NO 1.38E-05 4.31E-06 4.00E-06 1.41E-07 1.47E-08 100
HCB NO NO 7.02E-03 1.06E-02 1.68E-03 3.79E-02 3.67E-02 100
PCBs NO NO 1.13E-03 2.04E-03 2.57E-04 7.58E-03 7.34E-03 100
8.2.3 Methods
For emissions calculation “EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2009” methodology are
used. The amount of incinerated waste is multiplied with emission factors.
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8.2.4 Emission factors
Table 8.11 Emission factors for waste incineration
Pollutant Units EF Industrial EF Clinical EF
NOx kg/Mg 0.87 1.4
NMVOC kg/Mg 7.4 0.7
SO2 kg/Mg 0.047 1.4
CO kg/Mg 0.07 2.8
PM2.5 kg/Mg 0.004 NE
PM10 kg/Mg 0.007 NE
TSP kg/Mg 0.01 0.5
Pb g/Mg 1.3 13
Cd g/Mg 0.1 1
Hg g/Mg 0.056 8
As g/Mg 0.016 1.3
Cr g/Mg 0.3 4.7
Cu g/Mg 3 2.6
Ni g/Mg 0.14 0.4
Se g/Mg NE NE
Zn g/Mg 21 NE
PCDD/ PCDF μg I-TEQ/Mg 350 3000
(dioxines/ furanes)
Total PAHs 1-4 g/Mg 0.02 0.04
HCB g/Mg 0.002 0.1
PCBs g/Mg NA 0.02
Emissions from cremation are calculated according to “EMEP/EEA emission inventory
guidebook 2009”. PM2.5, PM10, Se and Zn are not calculated, because emission factors are not
available.
Table 8.12 Emission factors from cremation
Pollutant EF Units EF
NOx 0.309 kg/body
NMVOC 0.013 kg/body
SO2 0.544 kg/body
CO 0.141 kg/body
PM2,5 NE
PM10 NE
TSP 14.6 g/body
CO 0.141 kg/body
Pb 0.0186 mg/body
Cd 0.00311 mg/body
Hg 0.934 mg/body
As 0.011 mg/body
Cr 0.00844 mg/body
Cu 0.00771 mg/body
Ni 0.0107 mg/body
Se NE
Zn NE
PCDD/ PCDF 0.0168 μg/body
benzo(a)
pyrene 0.0103 μg/body
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8.2.5 Activity data
Table 8.13 Incinerated wastes in Latvia
Year Hazardous
waste (Gg)
Clinical waste
(Gg) Total (Gg)
1999 0.34721 0.20142 0.54863
2000 0.69028 0.05641 0.74669
2001 1.31927 0.21331 1.53258
2002 0.165643 0.032247 0.19789
2003 0.201813 0.040607 0.24242
2004 0.210125 0.112325 0.32245
2005 0.215127 0.102127 0.317254
2006 0.78616 0.26189 1.04805
2007 0.5405 0.350861 0.891361
2008 0.29975 0.012361 0.312111
2009 0.2 0.011663 0.211663
2010 0.2 0.012843 0.212843
2011 0.0063 0.37883 0.38513
2012 0 0.36691 0.36691
Data about burned bodies are provided by operator of crematorium. In Latvia operates only
one crematorium.
Table 8.14 Burned bodies in Riga crematorium
Year Burned bodies
1994 54
1995 564
1996 819
1997 817
1998 869
1999 982
2000 1127
2001 1297
2002 1293
2003 1389
2004 1391
2005 1529
2006 1630
2007 1959
2008 2227
2009 1977
2010 2102
2011 2158
2012 1970
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8.2.6 Uncertainties
Uncertainty for cremation of bodies are not estimated, because it is correct figure from
crematorium. Uncertainty of incinerated amount is 20% like all uncertainties from “3-Waste”
data base.
8.2.7 QA/QC and verification
Calculations are checked.
8.2.8 Recalculations
Recalculated emissions for 2011 due to slight changes in activity data.
8.2.9 Planned improvements
No planned improvements.
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9. RECALCULATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS
9.1 RECALCULATIONS
Energy
Energy Industries (NFR 1A1)
Activity data were updated by CSB for wood consumption. Energy consumption less than 1 kt
was taken from Energy balance available on CSB on-line database. Slight changes in natural
gas GCV that influenced the amounts of gas consumed. Landfill gas previously reported in
1.A.1.a was allocated to 1.A.4.a sector. Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils petroleum
coke and other liquid fuels therefore the consumption changed divided by fuel types.
Emissions were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
Manufacturing industries and Construction (NFR 1A2)
Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils, petroleum coke and other liquid fuels, therefore
changed their NCVs in the whole time series that influenced the consumption of fuels when
calculating consumption in kt to TJ. Natural gas - slight changes in GCV from 37.359 to 37.358
which slightly influenced the consumption of gas used in all subsectors. Slight changes in
1.A.2.a-1.A.2.e sectors generally due to addition of Energy balance data (less than 1 kt) for
several fuels, such as diesel oil and coal (mainly in 2010, 2011). In 1.A.2.f sector activity data
changes for LPG, coal, peat, diesel oil due to addition of Energy balance data. Corrections of
activity data for industrial wastes, where information was precised by the company which
consumes the specific fuel type. Consumed amounts of oil shale in 1990 were added.
Emissions from were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
Other sectors (NFR 1A4)
Other liquid fuels were split into waste oils, petroleum coke and other liquid fuels, therefore
changed their NCVs in the whole time series that influenced the consumption of fuels when
calculating consumption in kt to TJ. Natural gas - slight changes in GCV from 37.359 to 37.358
which slightly influenced the consumption of gas used in all subsectors. Input mistake in coal
consumption (1.A.4.a; 2001), straw consumption and CO2 emissions (1.A.4.a; 2006-2010),
wood consumption (2008). Corrected activity data provided by CSB for coal (2011). Data from
Energy balance (less than 1 kt) added for LPG, RFO (2010, 2011). The consumption of jet fuel
was allocated from 1.A.5.b sector (1.A.4.c) for years 1995-2000. Diesel used for fishing was
changed from stationary to mobile offroad (boats) after experts assumption that all diesel
used could be considered as used for offroads.
Emissions from were recalculated as well due to updates in emission factors in EMEP/EEA 2013
guidebook.
Transport
Road transport (NFR 1A3b)
Recalculations have been done due to corrected fuel consumption data (year 2011) by CSB.
Recalculations have been done due to improvement of activity data. Improvements comprise
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more precise split of passenger cars, LDV and HDV by subgroups (depending on engine
volume) and layers (EURO classes) and mileage. It is recalculated emissions of road transport
for year 2010 and 2011. Recalculation affected all emissions.
Off-roads
Recalculations have been done for all subsectors due to change of emission factors.
Fugitive emissions (NFR 1B)
There have been recalculated NMVOC emissions from operations with gasoline in 2007-2012
due to updates in data base. For the first time NMVOC emissions from gas leakage were
calculated.
Industrial Processes
Asphalt Roofing and Road paving (NFR 2A5, 2A6)
For submission 2014 there are made recalculations for NMVOC, particular matter and CO
emissions in all time series from 2A5 Asphalt roofing and 2A6 Road paving with asphalt
sectors according to updated emission factors taken from EPEM/EEA 2013.
Metal production (NFR 2C)
For submission 2014 there are made recalculations for all heavy metals in all time series from
2C1 Iron and steel production according to updated emission factors taken from EMEP/EEA
2013.
Solvent and other product use
Paint application (NFR 3A)
For period 1990-2012 recalculations have been carried out under NRF 3.A, 3.B and 3.D mainly
due to two reasons. The first one is that the list of NMVOCs substance is supplemented,
therefore recalculations are carried out for all time series. The second reason is that the time
series consistency is performed using one method for all time series.
Chemical products, manufacture and processing (NFR 3C)
For period 1990-2012 recalculations have been carried out under NRF 3.C mainly for two
reasons. The first one is that the list of NACE code is supplemented therefore recalculations
are carried out for all time series. The second reason is that the time series consistency is
performed using one method for all time series.
Agriculture
Manure management (NFR 4B)
Recalculations have been done due to use of methodology described in Emission Inventory
Guidebook 2013. Recalculations are done for NH3 emissions from synthetics N- fertilizers.
Agricultural Soils (NFR 4D)
Recalculations have been done due to use of methodology described in Emission Inventory
Guidebook 2013. Recalculations are done for PM from manure management and crop
production.
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Waste
Waste water handling (NFR 6B)
NH3 emissions were recalculated for entire period due to update of nation population data.
Waste incineration (NFR 6C)
Recalculated emissions for 2011 due to slight changes in activity data.
9.2 PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS
Energy
It is planned to use EU ETS data of consumed fuel.
It is planned to investigate amounts of fuel used for fishing (off-road purposes) with
collaboration with CSB.
More detailed activity data by technology types for Residential sector is planned to be obtained
as Residential sector is a key source. In 2014 a research on obtaining detailed data on
households has been started.
It is planned to investigate the oil flow in the country to ascertain if there are additional NMVOC
sources.
Solvent and other product use
It is planned to obtain much more activity data for paint application from „Chemical Register”
to ensure completeness of the next submission. To achieve results it is necessary to
supplement the list of NMVOC substances.
It is planned to obtain much more activity data from „Air-2” for chemical products to ensure
completeness of the next submission. To achieve results it is necessary to supplement the list
of NACE code and particular NMVOC emitted substances.
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10. PROJECTIONS
The projections are prepared in December, 2013, with scenarios with measures (WM) and with
additional measures (WaM). The results of projections and national emission reduction
commitments in 2020 and beyond stated in Gothenburg protocol can be seen in tables below:
200
5
201
0
201
5
202
0
203
0
WM 34.28 37.83 35.11 30.85
WaM 34.28 37.71 34.66 30.31
GP 37 25.16
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
GG
NOx
200
5
201
0
201
5
202
0
203
0
WM 66.11 63.64 62.53 62.59
WaM 66.11 63.74 64.55 64.82
GP 73 53.29
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
GG
NMVOC
2005 2010 2015 2020 2030
WM 3.28 5.10 5.47 6.59
WaM 3.28 4.66 4.36 5.42
GP 6.7 6.16
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
GG
SOx
200
5
201
0
201
5
202
0
203
0
NH3
WM 17.38 19.40 24.98 36.45
WaM 17.37 14.75 19.64 29.75
GP 16 15.84
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
GG
NH3
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2005 2010 2015 2020 2030
WM 27.43 25.13 23.11 20.07
WaM 27.43 25.67 24.97 22.13
GP 27 22.68
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
GG
PM2.5
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11. SUBMISSION OF LATVIAN FIVE YEARLY GRIDDED EMISSIONS DATA
Latvia has estimated emissions according to EMEP 50×50 km2 GRID. Emissions were estimated
for year 2010. Data on gridded emissions can be found on EIONET CDR under the link
http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/lv/un/copy_of_colqhgwdg/envuqvueg.
The gridding has been done for 5 sectors divided into 16 GNFR aggregated sectors using
different type of data. Emissions reported and data source for gridding the emissions in each
GNFR sector are listed in the table below:
GNFR Pollutants Data source for gridding
A_PublicPower NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb,
Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs, HCB, PCBs
National database ‘2-AIR’, number of
employees in Energy sector divided by
regions (Central Statistical Bureau data)
B_IndustrialComb NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb,
Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs, HCB, PCBs
PRTR spatial data, number of employees in
particular subsectors divided by statistical
regions (CSB data)
C_SmallComb
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10,
CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs,
HCB, PCBs
Number of employees in particular
subsectors divided by statistical regions,
number of inhabitants in counties (CSB data)
divided by households
D_IndProcess NOx, NMVOC, SO, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb,
Cd, Hg
PRTR spatial data, ETS data, number of
employees in particular subsectors divided
by statistical regions (CSB data)
E_Fugitive NMVOC, PM2.5, PM10
Number of vehicles divided by statistical
regions, number of cargoes loaded and
unloaded at Latvian ports (CSB data).
F_Solvents NMVOC Number of inhabitants in counties (CSB
data)
G_RoadRail NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10,
CO, Pb, Cd, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs
Road length and type divided by grids,
traffic intensity, railway length.
H_Shipping
NOx, NMVOC, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10,
CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs,
HCB, PCBs
Location of ports in Latvia and their seaside
locations.
I_OffRoadMob NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb,
Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs, HCB, PCBs
Number of employees in particular sectors
divided by regions (CSB data).
J_AviLTO NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO Geographical coordinates of airports and
flights routes.
L_OtherWasteDisp NMVOC Number of inhabitants in counties (CSB
data).
M_WasteWater NMVOC, NH3 Number of inhabitants in counties (CSB
data).
N_WasteIncin NOx, NMVOC, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO, Pb,
Cd, Hg, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs, HCB, PCBs National data base ‘3-WASTE’.
O_AgriLivestock NH3, PM2.5, PM10 Number of livestock divided by counties
(CSB data).
P_AgriOther NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, CO,
PCDD/PCDF, PAHs
Area of cropland divided by counties (CSB
data), data about grass fires obtained from
State Fire and Rescue Service of Latvia.
R_Other NOx, CO, PDCC/PCDF, PAHs Data from the State Land Service about
deforested areas.
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Gridded emission results in Latvia (main pollutants)
Figure 1. Gridded NOx emissions in year 2010 (Gg)
As it can be seen in Figure 1, the main areas with the highest NOx emissions are the capital
city Riga (the central grid) as well as the other largest cities in Latvia. Mainly NOx emissions
are produced in Transport sector, and emissions from this sector have been divided by roads
and their intensity. Also a quite significant part of NOx emissions have been produced during
stationary combustion. The emissions in stationary combustion sectors are divided either
splitting employees in particular subsectors, divided by statistical regions of Latvia into grids,
or taking population in counties and dividing into households and then splitting by grid cells.
Figure 2. Gridded NMVOC emissions in 2010 (Gg)
The greatest part of NMVOC emissions comes from Solvents sector, where emissions were
divided by number of population in counties, and from Energy sector, where emissions are
divided either by employees in statistical regions, or by households. As it can be seen in Figure
2, the largest NMVOC emissions are produced in the cells where the largest cities are located.
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141
Figure 3. Gridded SO2 emissions in 2010 (Gg)
The largest SO2 emissions are in one of largest cities in Latvia – Ventspils – due to use of fossil
fuels in Energy sector where emissions are taken from the national database ‘2-AIR’ from the
point sources. Also quite significant amounts of SO2 are produced in the capital city Riga and
in places with intense industrial processes (Liepaja, Broceni).
Figure 4. Gridded NH3 emissions in 2010 (Gg)
The distribution of NH3 emissions have been calculated using the number of livestock in
counties and cropland areas and distributed by grid cells. The largest ammonia emissions are
in central part of Latvia as well as in southern part where the largest cropland areas and largest
numbers of livestock are located.
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12. REFERENCES
1. Report - Economic development of Latvia. Ministry of Economics of Latvia. 2011.
2. CSDD. Transportlīdzekļu statistikas kopsavilkums Latvijā. 2011.
3. Informācijas sagatavošana par gaistošo organisko savienojumu emisijām Latvijā
atbilstoši ES Direktīvas 2001/81/EC prasībām, LPPC, Rīga:2002.
4. Agriculture and rural Area of Latvia. Ministry of Agriculture. 2011.
5. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. 1996.
6. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty management in National GHG. 2000.
7. UNEP Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan
Releases
8. EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook – 1999.
9. EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook – 2006.
10. The EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. Technical report No 9/2009.
11. Lipins L. Assessment of wood resources and electivity of wood utilization. 2004.
12. Research - Assessment, actualization and prediction of emission factors and coefficients
of GHG and NH3 from agriculture for projecting of GHG, based on “Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Module 4 Agriculture” and Guidelines
of Project “Projecting the impact of agriculture on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Eastern Europe”.
Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics. 2005.
13. Melece.L. Pētījums par organisko augšņu (histosols) daudzumu Latvijā 1990-2004.
14. Sudārs R. Slāpekļa izdalīšanās no kūtsmēsliem un kūtsmēslu apsaimniekošanas
(savākšanas, uzglabāšanas un utilizācijas) sistēmas un to raksturojums.
15. LZA Fizikālās Enerģētikas institūts, “Pētījums par vietējās aviācijas un vietējo iekšzemes
ūdensceļu degvielas patēriņu no 1990-2004”. Rīga, 2006.
16. Informācijas sagatavošana par gaistošo organisko savienojumu emisijām Latvijā
atbilstoši ES Direktīvas 2001/81/EC prasībām. LPPC, Rīga, 2002.
17. Database from Co-ordinated European Programme on Particulate Matter Emission
Inventories, Projections of “Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk
onderzoek”.
18. http://www.csb.gov.lv:8080/dialog/statfile16.asp
19. http://www.lm.gov.lv/?sadala=255
20. http://vdc2.vdc.lv:8998/gaiss.html
21. http://vdc2.vdc.lv:8998/udens.html
22. http://vdc2.vdc.lv:8998/atkritum.html
23. “Energobilance.rar”. CSB. Annual EUROSTAT Energy Questionaire, 2013.
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24. Energobilance.rar”. CSB. Annual EUROSTAT Energy Questionaire, 2010.
25. EMEP/EEA 2009 Guidelines.
26. Guidelines for Reporting data under the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air
pollution (ECE/EB.AIR/97).
27. Annual Energy data, CSB, 2014. Available on
http://data.csb.gov.lv/Menu.aspx?selection=vide__Ikgad%C4%93jie%20statistikas%20dat
i__Ener%C4%A3%C4%93tika&tablelist=true&px_tableid=EN0070.px&px_path=vide__Ikga
d%C4%93jie%20statistikas%20dati__Ener%C4%A3%C4%93tika&px_language=en&px_db=v
ide&rxid=cdcb978c-22b0-416a-aacc-aa650d3e2ce0
28. EU ETS data, available on https://www.meteo.lv/lapas/vide/klimata-parmainas/emisiju-
kvotu-tirdzniecibas-sistema/2005-2007-g-periods/eiropas-savienibas-emisiju-kvotu-
tirdzniecibas-sistemas-2005-2007-g-pe?id=1220&nid=574
https://www.meteo.lv/lapas/vide/klimata-parmainas/emisiju-kvotu-tirdzniecibas-
sistema/-2008-2012-g-periods/eiropas-savienibas-emisiju-kvotu-tirdzniecibas-
sistemas-2008-2012-g-pe?id=1222&nid=575
29. “Prodcom_2008.xls” CSB. Industrial production statistics, 2010.
30. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5
31. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
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ANNEX 1
Activity data, emission factors and assumptions for Energy sector
Table 1 Emission factors per sector
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F Benzo(a)
pyrene
Benzo(b)fluor
anthene
Benzo(k)fluor
anthene
Indeno(1,2,3
-cd)Pyrene HCB PCB
Reference
g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
µg/WHO
-TEG/GJ
1.A.1
Diesel oil 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
RFO 142 2.3 NE 19.3 25.2 35.6 15.1 4.56 1.2 0.341 3.98 2.55 5.31 255 2.06 87.8 2.5 NE 0.005 0.005 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-5
LPG 89 2.6 NE 0.89 0.89 0.89 39 0.0015 0.00025 0.1 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 0.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-4
Jet fuel 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Other
kerosene 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Other liquid 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Petroleum
coke 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Waste oils 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Shale oil 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
Coal 209 1 NE 3.4 7.7 11.4 8.7 7.3 0.9 1.4 7.1 4.5 7.8 4.9 23 19 10 7E-04 0.037 0.029 0.001 6.7 0.0033 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-2
Coke 209 1 NE 3.4 7.7 11.4 8.7 7.3 0.9 1.4 7.1 4.5 7.8 4.9 23 19 10 7E-04 0.037 0.029 0.001 6.7 0.0033 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-2
Peat
briquettes 247 1.4 NE 3.2 7.9 11.7 8.7 15 1.8 2.9 14.3 9.1 1 9.7 45 8.8 10 0.001 0.037 0.029 0.002 6.7 0.0033
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-3
Peat 247 1.4 NE 3.2 7.9 11.7 8.7 15 1.8 2.9 14.3 9.1 1 9.7 45 8.8 10 0.001 0.037 0.029 0.002 6.7 0.0033 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-3
Natural gas 89 2.6 NE 0.89 0.89 0.89 39 0.0015 0.00025 0.1 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 0.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-4
Wood 81 7.31 NE 133 155 172 90 20.6 1.76 1.51 9.46 9.03 21.1 14.2 1.2 181 50 1.12 0.043 0.016 0.037 5 3.5 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - table 3-7
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
145
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F Benzo(a)
pyrene
Benzo(b)fluor
anthene
Benzo(k)fluor
anthene
Indeno(1,2,3
-cd)Pyrene HCB PCB
Reference
g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
µg/WHO
-TEG/GJ
CH4 from
Sludge Gas 89 2.6 NE 0.89 0.89 0.89 39 0.0015 0.00025 0.1 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 0.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-4
Landfill gas 89 2.6 NE 0.89 0.89 0.89 39 0.0015 0.00025 0.1 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 0.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-4
Other
Biogass 89 2.6 NE 0.89 0.89 0.89 39 0.0015 0.00025 0.1 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 0.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-4
Biodiesel 65 0.8 NE 0.8 3.2 6.5 16.2 4.07 1.36 1.36 1.81 1.36 2.72 1.36 6.79 1.81 0.5 NE NE NE 0.007 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A1 - Table 3-6
1.A.2
Diesel oil 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
RFO 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
LPG 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-3
Jet fuel 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Other
kerosene 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Other liquid 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Petroleum
coke 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Waste oils 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Shale oil 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Coal 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Coke 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Peat
briquettes 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Peat 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Anthracite 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Oil shale 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-2
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
146
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F Benzo(a)
pyrene
Benzo(b)fluor
anthene
Benzo(k)fluor
anthene
Indeno(1,2,3
-cd)Pyrene HCB PCB
Reference
g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
µg/WHO
-TEG/GJ
Natural gas 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-3
Wood 91 300 NE 140 143 150 570 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 100 10 16 5 4 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-5
BIodiesel 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Landfill gas 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-3
Unit kg/Mg waste g/Mg waste μg I-TEQ/Mg waste g/Mg waste
Industrial
wastes (used
tires)
0.87 7.4 NE 0.004 0.007 0.01 0.07 1.3 0.1 0.056 0.016 NE NE 0.14 NE NE 350 NE NE NE NE 0.002 NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
5.C.1.b - Table 3-
1
Unit g/Mg mg/Mg ng/Mg μg/Mg ng/Mg
Municipal
wastes 1071 5.9 3 3 3 3 41 58 4.6 18.8 6.2 16.4 13.7 21.6 11.7 24.7 52.5 8.4 17.9 9.5 11.6 45.2 3.4
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
5.C.1.a - Table 3-
1
1.A.4.a i, 1.A.4.c i
Unit g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
Diesel oil 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
RFO 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
LPG 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-8
Jet fuel 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
Other
kerosene 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
Other liquid 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
Petroleum
coke 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Waste oils 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A2 - Table 3-4
Shale oil 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
Coal 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-7
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
147
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F Benzo(a)
pyrene
Benzo(b)fluor
anthene
Benzo(k)fluor
anthene
Indeno(1,2,3
-cd)Pyrene HCB PCB
Reference
g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
µg/WHO
-TEG/GJ
Coke 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-7
Oil shale 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-7
Peat
briquettes 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-7
Peat 173 88.8 NE 108 117 124 931 134 1.8 7.9 4 13.5 17.5 13 1.8 200 203 45.5 58.9 23.7 18.5 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-7
Natural gas 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-8
Wood 91 300 37 140 143 150 570 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 100 10 16 5 4 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-10
Landfill gas 74 23 NE 0.78 0.78 0.78 29 0.011 0.0009 0.54 0.1 0.013 0.0026 0.013 0.058 0.73 0.52 7E-04 0.003 0.001 0.001 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-8
Straws 91 300 37 140 143 150 570 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 100 10 16 5 4 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-10
Biodiesel 513 25 NE 20 20 20 66 0.08 0.006 0.12 0.03 0.2 0.22 0.008 0.11 29 1.4 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.002 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-9
1.A.4.b i
Unit g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
Diesel oil 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
RFO 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
LPG 51 1.9 NE 1.2 1.2 1.2 26 0.0015 0.00025 0.68 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 1.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-4
Jet fuel 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Other
kerosene 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Other liquid 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Petroleum
coke 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Waste oils 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Shale oil 51 0.69 NE 1.9 1.9 1.9 57 0.012 0.01 0.12 0.002 0.2 0.13 0.005 0.002 0.42 5.9 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.16 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-5
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
148
NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F Benzo(a)
pyrene
Benzo(b)fluor
anthene
Benzo(k)fluor
anthene
Indeno(1,2,3
-cd)Pyrene HCB PCB
Reference
g/GJ mg/GJ ng I-
TEQ/GJ mg/GJ μg/GJ
µg/WHO
-TEG/GJ
Coal 110 484 0.3 398 404 444 4600 130 1.5 5.1 2.5 11.2 22.3 12.7 1 220 800 230 330 130 110 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-3
Coke 110 484 0.3 398 404 444 4600 130 1.5 5.1 2.5 11.2 22.3 12.7 1 220 800 230 330 130 110 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-3
Oil shale 110 484 0.3 398 404 444 4600 130 1.5 5.1 2.5 11.2 22.3 12.7 1 220 800 230 330 130 110 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-3
Peat
briquettes 110 484 0.3 398 404 444 4600 130 1.5 5.1 2.5 11.2 22.3 12.7 1 220 800 230 330 130 110 0.62 170
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-3
Peat 110 484 0.3 398 404 444 4600 130 1.5 5.1 2.5 11.2 22.3 12.7 1 220 800 230 330 130 110 0.62 170 EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-3
Natural gas 51 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 26 0.0015 0.00025 0.68 0.12 0.00076 0.000076 5E-04 0.011 0.002 1.5 6E-04 8E-04 8E-04 8E-04 NE NE EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 - Table 3-4
Wood 80 600 70 740 760 800 4000 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 800 121 111 42 71 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013-
1A4 - Table 3-6
Charcoal 80 600 70 740 760 800 4000 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 800 121 111 42 71 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013-
1A4 - Table 3-6
Straws 80 600 70 740 760 800 4000 27 13 0.56 0.19 23 6 2 0.5 512 800 121 111 42 71 5 0.06 EMEP/EEA 2013-
1A4 - Table 3-6
Off road (1.A.2.f ii, 1.A.4.a ii, 1.A.4.b ii, 1.A.4.c ii, 1.A.4.c iii, 1.A.5.b ii)
Unit g/tonnes fuel mg/kg μg/kg
Gasoline: 2-
stroke 2765 242197 3 3762 3762 3762
6207
93
1990-
1998 -
0.00015
1999-
2012 -
5.05391
0.01 NE NE 0.05 1.7 0.07 0.01 1 NE 40 40 NE NE NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 Other mobile
- Table 3-1
Gasoline: 4-
stroke 7117 17602 4 157 157 157
7703
68 0.01 NE NE 0.05 1.7 0.07 0.01 1 NE 40 40 NE NE NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A4 Other mobile
- Table 3-1
Unit kg/Mg g/Mg μg/Mg mg/Mg
Aviation
gasoline 4 19 NE NE NE NE 1200 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A3d Navigation-
shipping - Table
3-2
Diesel oil (in
Fisheries) 78.5 2.8 NE 1.4 1.5 1.5 7.4 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.88 1 0.1 1.2 0.13 NE NE NE NE 0.08 0.038
EMEP/EEA 2013 -
1A3a Aviation -
Table 3-4
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
150
Table 2 SO2 emission factors per fuel type
Fuel type Sulphur content
90-95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Diesel 0.3 0.3 0.26 0.33 0.23 0.3 0.28 0.33 0.21 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.1 0.14 0.21 0.1907 0.1
RFO 2 2 2.12 2.1 2 2.08 1.98 1.92 1.97 1.45 1.29 1.03 1.18 0.89 0.61 1.42 1.0857 1.1
Gasoline 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.02
Jet fuel 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Jet fuel 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Other liquids 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.52 0.43 0.42 0.3 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.27 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.1455 0.15
LPG 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0 0 0.0047 0
Shale oil 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.74 0.83 0.54 0.62 0.65 0.63 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.8 0.8 0.8
Coal 1.8 1.8 1.47 1.37 1.06 0.9 0.87 0.83 0.67 0.67 0.73 0.64 0.44 0.41 0.34 0.33 0.3741 0.32
Coke 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Oil shale 1
Peat 0.3 0.3 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.22 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.12 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.17
Fuel type EF (Gg/PJ)
90-95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Diesel 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.1 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.0898 0.05
RFO 0.97 0.97 1.02 1.01 0.97 1 0.96 0.93 0.95 0.7 0.62 0.5 0.57 0.43 0.3 0.68 0.5241 0.53
Gasoline 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0068 0.01
Jet fuel 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.0231 0.02
Jet fuel 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.0231 0.02
Other liquids 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.2 0.2 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.0695 0.07
LPG 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.0021 0
Shale oil 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.41 0.37 0.42 0.28 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.4066 0.41
Coal 1.14 1.14 0.93 0.87 0.67 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.46 0.46 0.5 0.44 0.3 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.2568 0.22
Coke 1.23 0.82 0.41 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.2688 0.27
Oil shale 1.96
Peat 0.51 0.51 0.47 0.37 0.35 0.4 0.36 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.46 0.41 0.37 0.2 0.35 0.29 0.2876 0.29
Notes:
Gasoline – due to legislation
Shale oil – average amount from database Nr. 2-Air
Peat – average amount from database Nr. 2-Air
Coal – average amount from database Nr. 2-Air and additional calculated average amount by periods
Diesel oil (transport) – due to legislation
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
151
Table 3 Energy balance of Latvia in year 2012 (TJ)
Oil p
rod
ucts
- t
ota
l
Shale
oil
Liq
uefi
ed
petr
ole
um
gas
Moto
r and
avia
tion p
etr
ol
Kero
sene t
yp
e jet
fuel
Kero
sene
Die
sel oil
RFO
Whit
e s
pir
it
Lub
ricants
Oil b
itum
en
Para
ffin
waxes
Petr
ole
um
coke
Oth
er
oil p
rod
ucts
Used
oils
Coal
Peat
Peat
bri
quett
es
Coke o
ven c
oke
Natu
ral gas
Fuelw
ood
Used
tir
es
Munic
ipal w
aste
Charc
oal
Bio
eth
anol
Bio
die
sel
Land
fill g
as
Sew
ag
e s
lud
ge g
as
Str
aw
NCV - 39.35 45.54 43.97 43.21 43.2 42.49 40.6 41.86 41.86 41.86 41.86 32.98 41.86 29.23 26.22 10.05 0.02 26.79 33.69 - 27.98 17.05 30 0.03 0.04 19.02 20.49 14.4
Production of
energy
resources
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 90 7 - - 78233 - - - 43 3365 2073 102 38
Primary
product
receipts
29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 - - - - - - 84 51 - - - - - -
Imports 90030 275 6968 10407 11105 - 48651 6861 42 1674 3056 293 99 42 29 3776 - - 161 57814 877 252 2063 41 448 213 - - -
Exports 22289 236 3689 375 7346 173 8965 41 - 837 - - 99 - - 157 130 - - - 24201 - - 309 214 2891 - - -
Bunkering 10071 - - - - - 3697 6374 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Interproduct
transfer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Stock changes -1182 - - -396 1253 173 -2167 122 - 85 -168 -42 - -42 - 26 70 -3 0 -7008 -2406 - -119 0 2 -28 - - -
Statistical
differences 1870 - - 510 - - 1360 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gross energy -
total 58387 39 3279 10146 5012 - 35182 568 42 922 2888 251 - - 58 3645 30 4 161 50806 52503 336 1995 -268 279 659 2073 102 38
Transformation
sector -514 - -9 - - - -140 -365 - - - - - - - -579 0 - -
-
32445 -8273 - - 327 - -39 -1788 -102 -24
Autoproducer
electricity
plants
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -126 - - - - - - - -
Public CHP -162 - - - - - - -162 - - - - - - - -498 - - - -
25504 -1307 - - - - -39 -1237 -102 -
Autoproducer
CHP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -640 -404 - - - - - -551 - -
Public heat
plants -330 - - - - - -127 -203 - - - - - - - -15 0 - - -5391 -4360 - - - - - - - -
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
152
O
il p
rod
ucts
- t
ota
l
Shale
oil
Liq
uefi
ed
petr
ole
um
gas
Moto
r and
avia
tion p
etr
ol
Kero
sene t
yp
e jet
fuel
Kero
sene
Die
sel oil
RFO
Whit
e s
pir
it
Lub
ricants
Oil b
itum
en
Para
ffin
waxes
Petr
ole
um
coke
Oth
er
oil p
rod
ucts
Used
oils
Coal
Peat
Peat
bri
quett
es
Coke o
ven c
oke
Natu
ral gas
Fuelw
ood
Used
tir
es
Munic
ipal w
aste
Charc
oal
Bio
eth
anol
Bio
die
sel
Land
fill g
as
Sew
ag
e s
lud
ge g
as
Str
aw
Autoproducer
heat plants -22 - -9 - - - -13 - - - - - - - - -66 - - - -910 -1520 - - - - - - - -24
Energy sector 170 - - - - - 170 - - - - - - - - - - - - 977 - - - - - - - - -
Losses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 505 7 - - - - - - - -
Final
consumption: 57703 39 3270 10146 5012 - 34872 203 42 922 2888 251 - - 58 3066 30 4 161 16879 44223 336 1995 59 279 620 285 - 14
Transport 43444 - 1858 9707 5008 - 25992 - - 879 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 279 526 - - -
international
air transport 4984 - - - 4984 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
domestic air
transport 31 - - 7 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
road transport 34815 - 1858 9697 - - 22465 - - 795 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 279 463 - - -
rail transport 3441 - - - - - 3357 - - 84 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63 - - -
inland shipping 173 - - 3 - - 170 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
pipeline
transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Industry and
construction: 5886 39 364 44 - - 1997 203 42 - 2888 251 - - 58 2149 2 0 161 7614 12344 336 1995 0 - 4 19 - 0
Iron and steel 0 - - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - 184 - - 161 1449 - - - - - - - - -
Chemicals 196 - 137 - - - 17 - 42 - - - - - - 0 - - - 371 210 - - 0 - 0 19 - -
Non-ferrous
metals 3 - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 168 - - - 0 - 1 - - -
Non-metallic
minerals 291 - - - - - 291 - - - - - - - - 1910 - - - 1280 23 336 1995 - - - - - -
Transport
equipment 33 - - - - - 33 - - - - - - - - 0 - - 0 101 - - - - - - - - -
Machinery 14 - - - - - 14 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 236 86 - - - - - - - -
Mining and
quarrying 133 - - - - - 133 - - - - - - - - 0 - - - 67 1 - - - - - - - -
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
153
O
il p
rod
ucts
- t
ota
l
Shale
oil
Liq
uefi
ed
petr
ole
um
gas
Moto
r and
avia
tion p
etr
ol
Kero
sene t
yp
e jet
fuel
Kero
sene
Die
sel oil
RFO
Whit
e s
pir
it
Lub
ricants
Oil b
itum
en
Para
ffin
waxes
Petr
ole
um
coke
Oth
er
oil p
rod
ucts
Used
oils
Coal
Peat
Peat
bri
quett
es
Coke o
ven c
oke
Natu
ral gas
Fuelw
ood
Used
tir
es
Munic
ipal w
aste
Charc
oal
Bio
eth
anol
Bio
die
sel
Land
fill g
as
Sew
ag
e s
lud
ge g
as
Str
aw
Food
processing,
beverages and
tobacco
529 39 137 - - - 121 203 - - - - - - 29 27 - - - 1718 511 - - - - 1 - - 0
Pulp, paper
and print 6 - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - 0 - - - 68 102 - - - - - - - -
Wood
processing 508 - 45 - - - 338 - - - - 125 - - - 1 2 - - 943 11094 - - - - 0 - - -
Construction 4020 - 45 44 - - 1014 - - - 2888 - - - 29 12 - 0 - 708 134 - - - - 2 0 - -
Textiles and
leather 4 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - 9 - - - 438 5 - - - - - - - -
Other non-
specified 149 - - - - - 23 - - - - 126 - - - 3 - - - 67 178 - - - - - - - -
Other sectors: 8373 - 1048 395 4 - 6883 - - 43 - - - - - 917 28 4 - 9265 31879 - - 59 - 90 266 - 14
Commercial/In
stitutional 1839 - 91 44 4 - 1700 - - - - - - - - 288 28 4 - 4110 3829 - - - - 34 133 - 0
Residential 2236 - 911 263 - - 1062 - - - - - - - - 577 - - - 4481 27764 - - 59 - - - - -
Agriculture/For
estry 4000 - 46 88 - - 3824 - - 42 - - - - - 52 - - - 674 281 - - - - 56 133 - 14
Fisheries 298 - - - - - 297 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - -
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
154
ANNEX 2
Activity data used for COPERT model
Distribution of road transport fleet by subsectors and layers, year 2012
Subsector Technology Population Mileage
Passenger Cars
Gasoline <1,4 l ECE 15/00-01 616 1800
Gasoline <1,4 l ECE 15/02 792 2200
Gasoline <1,4 l ECE 15/03 1320 3000
Gasoline <1,4 l ECE 15/04 6071 4000
Gasoline <1,4 l PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 7192 6111
Gasoline <1,4 l PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 6122 11330
Gasoline <1,4 l PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 7329 14175
Gasoline <1,4 l PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 9556 16133
Gasoline <1,4 l PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 1955 21200
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l ECE 15/00-01 3400 1300
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l ECE 15/02 4080 1660
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l ECE 15/03 4760 2700
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l ECE 15/04 33094 4000
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 44814 8000
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 45451 12300
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 23782 18000
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 24552 20000
Gasoline 1,4 - 2,0 l PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 3340 24614
Gasoline >2,0 l ECE 15/00-01 724 1800
Gasoline >2,0 l ECE 15/02 758 2500
Gasoline >2,0 l ECE 15/03 1034 3000
Gasoline >2,0 l ECE 15/04 4378 4698
Gasoline >2,0 l PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 7524 11000
Gasoline >2,0 l PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 12417 16000
Gasoline >2,0 l PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 9199 19725
Gasoline >2,0 l PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 7991 23065
Gasoline >2,0 l PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 693 24416
Diesel <2,0 l Conventional 15994 10005
Diesel <2,0 l PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 26697 11141
Diesel <2,0 l PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 29958 13780
Diesel <2,0 l PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 30625 15012
Diesel <2,0 l PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 21666 20914
Diesel <2,0 l PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 4149 24052
Diesel >2,0 l Conventional 6237 12000
Diesel >2,0 l PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 14592 14200
Diesel >2,0 l PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 24254 18039
Diesel >2,0 l PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 25394 19860
Diesel >2,0 l PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 16656 20475
Diesel >2,0 l PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 1906 25814
LPG Conventional 9103 15000
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
Subsector Technology Population Mileage
LPG PC Euro 1 - 91/441/EEC 8159 19000
LPG PC Euro 2 - 94/12/EEC 9075 19830
LPG PC Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 3875 20885
LPG PC Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 2889 22930
LPG PC Euro 5 - EC 715/2007 262 24614
Light Duty Vehicles
LPG Conventional 175 30369
LPG LD Euro 1 - 93/59/EEC 139 30369
LPG LD Euro 2 - 96/69/EEC 195 30369
LPG LD Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 53 33727
LPG LD Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 135 43374
LPG LD Euro 5 - 2008 Standards 69 47984
Gasoline <3,5t Conventional 281 17183
Gasoline <3,5t LD Euro 1 - 93/59/EEC 304 19182
Gasoline <3,5t LD Euro 2 - 96/69/EEC 535 19183
Gasoline <3,5t LD Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 288 21896
Gasoline <3,5t LD Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 721 28541
Gasoline <3,5t LD Euro 5 - 2008 Standards 171 31115
Diesel <3,5 t Conventional 2766 25414
Diesel <3,5 t LD Euro 1 - 93/59/EEC 5719 25414
Diesel <3,5 t LD Euro 2 - 96/69/EEC 8454 26514
Diesel <3,5 t LD Euro 3 - 98/69/EC Stage2000 8097 28224
Diesel <3,5 t LD Euro 4 - 98/69/EC Stage2005 5571 36297
Diesel <3,5 t LD Euro 5 - 2008 Standards 2476 40155
Heavy Duty Trucks
LPG Conventional 457 24400
LPG HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 9 24400
LPG HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 65 26000
Gasoline >3,5 t Conventional 1184 18644
Gasoline >3,5 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 70 18644
Gasoline >3,5 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 97 18644
Gasoline >3,5 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 13 25057
Rigid <=7,5 t Conventional 1163 20411
Rigid <=7,5 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 731 20411
Rigid <=7,5 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 683 20411
Rigid <=7,5 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 495 27431
Rigid <=7,5 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 286 40171
Rigid <=7,5 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 121 42379
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t Conventional 604 20603
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 343 20603
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 343 20603
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 240 28929
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 123 38991
Rigid 7,5 - 12 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 49 36565
Rigid 12 - 14 t Conventional 182 20702
Rigid 12 - 14 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 105 20702
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
Subsector Technology Population Mileage
Rigid 12 - 14 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 57 20702
Rigid 12 - 14 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 18 23111
Rigid 12 - 14 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 26 29129
Rigid 12 - 14 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 9 31534
Rigid 14 - 20 t Conventional 1102 29551
Rigid 14 - 20 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 1161 29551
Rigid 14 - 20 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 1983 29551
Rigid 14 - 20 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 1664 38380
Rigid 14 - 20 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 2385 54733
Rigid 14 - 20 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 959 57842
Rigid 20 - 26 t Conventional 244 38401
Rigid 20 - 26 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 141 38401
Rigid 20 - 26 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 389 38401
Rigid 20 - 26 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 548 53649
Rigid 20 - 26 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 666 75000
Rigid 20 - 26 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 307 80000
Rigid 26 - 28 t Conventional 36 38401
Rigid 26 - 28 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 24 38401
Rigid 26 - 28 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 55 38401
Rigid 26 - 28 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 82 53649
Rigid 26 - 28 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 35 75000
Rigid 26 - 28 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 9 80000
Rigid 28 - 32 t Conventional 18 38401
Rigid 28 - 32 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 32 38401
Rigid 28 - 32 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 77 38401
Rigid 28 - 32 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 89 53649
Rigid 28 - 32 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 39 75000
Rigid 28 - 32 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 28 80000
Rigid >32 t Conventional 15 38401
Rigid >32 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 18 38401
Rigid >32 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 45 38401
Rigid >32 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 74 53649
Rigid >32 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 61 75000
Rigid >32 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 21 80000
Articulated 14 - 20 t Conventional 480 29551
Articulated 14 - 20 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 507 29551
Articulated 14 - 20 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 866 29551
Articulated 14 - 20 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 727 38380
Articulated 14 - 20 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 1040 54733
Articulated 14 - 20 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 418 57842
Articulated 20 - 28 t Conventional 432 38401
Articulated 20 - 28 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 286 38401
Articulated 20 - 28 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 658 38401
Articulated 20 - 28 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 998 53649
Articulated 20 - 28 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 425 75000
Articulated 20 - 28 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 117 80000
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
Subsector Technology Population Mileage
Articulated 28 - 34 t Conventional 40 38401
Articulated 28 - 34 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 43 38401
Articulated 28 - 34 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 115 38401
Articulated 28 - 34 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 189 53649
Articulated 28 - 34 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 154 75000
Articulated 28 - 34 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 52 80000
Buses
Urban Buses Conventional 10 29840
Urban Buses HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 2 29840
Urban Buses HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 16 29840
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t Conventional 329 32667
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 126 32667
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 262 32667
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 430 43991
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 551 56798
Urban Buses Midi <=15 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 213 52620
Coaches Standard <=18 t Conventional 304 47805
Coaches Standard <=18 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 159 47805
Coaches Standard <=18 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 231 47805
Coaches Standard <=18 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 203 59227
Coaches Standard <=18 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 140 62820
Coaches Standard <=18 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 53 69280
Coaches Articulated >18 t Conventional 44 47805
Coaches Articulated >18 t HD Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I 87 47805
Coaches Articulated >18 t HD Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II 218 47805
Coaches Articulated >18 t HD Euro III - 2000 Standards 253 59227
Coaches Articulated >18 t HD Euro IV - 2005 Standards 64 62820
Coaches Articulated >18 t HD Euro V - 2008 Standards 7 69280
Mopeds
<50 cm³ Conventional 182 1097
<50 cm³ Mop - Euro I 1414 1175
<50 cm³ Mop - Euro II 9946 1175
Motorcycles
2-stroke >50 cm³ Conventional 1080 1140
2-stroke >50 cm³ Mot - Euro I 1169 1628
2-stroke >50 cm³ Mot - Euro II 439 1628
2-stroke >50 cm³ Mot - Euro III 823 1628
4-stroke <250 cm³ Mot - Euro III 366 408
4-stroke 250 - 750 cm³ Conventional 880 1465
4-stroke 250 - 750 cm³ Mot - Euro I 1354 2036
4-stroke 250 - 750 cm³ Mot - Euro II 553 2036
4-stroke 250 - 750 cm³ Mot - Euro III 1078 2443
4-stroke >750 cm³ Conventional 543 1873
4-stroke >750 cm³ Mot - Euro I 777 2036
4-stroke >750 cm³ Mot - Euro II 307 2036
4-stroke >750 cm³ Mot - Euro III 760 2443
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
158
ANNEX 3
Detailed information about calculated average N excretion per head of livestock:
Average N excretion per head of livestock was reassessed in the Research [13] which was made by Latvian State Institute of Agrarian
Economics if compared previously submitted. For N excretion calculations was used newest published information of “Centre of
Agrochemical researches” on different produced manure amount of livestock type in year and N amount in the manure, which was justly
with results of manure analyses (Table 6.9).
For reassessing values of N excretion per head of livestock was used in the Table 6.5 shown information, information from Research [15]
previously submitted as well as IPCC Guidelines.
Table 6 Additional standards for manure of livestock type
Livestock and holding way Type of manure Extraction in year, t N in natural manure, kg/t N /year /from manure, kg
Dairy cows, milk yield, 3500-5000 kg, all-round
floor Solid storage ad dry lot 10,5 4,1 43,1
Dairy cows, milk yield, 5000-6000 kg, all-round
floor Solid storage ad dry lot 12,5 4,4 55,0
Dairy cows, milk yield, 6000 kg, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 13,7 3,3 45,2
Dairy cows, milk yield 7600 kg, rack floor Partly liquid 18,2 3,1 56,4
Heifer (until 6 month), all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 2,6 3,7 9,6
Heifer (6 month and older), all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 8,0 3,4 27,2
Feedlot stock (heifer and bull), deep byre Solid storage ad dry lot 11,1 3,8 42,2
Bulls for meet (feed with distiller’s grain), all-round
floor liquid 16,0 3,7 59,2
Cows, calf for, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 12,0 3,4 40,8
Breeding bulls, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 13,0 4,3 55,9
Feedlot swine (30 –100 kg), all-round floor, rack
floor (partial)
Solid storage ad dry lot 0,5 7,1 3,6
liquid 1,0 4,9 4,9
Pregnant sow, all-round floor, rack floor (partial) Solid storage ad dry lot 1,4 7,1 9,9
liquid 2,8 4,6 12,9
Suckling sow, all-round floor, rack floor (partial) Solid storage ad dry lot 1,5 5,4 8,1
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
Livestock and holding way Type of manure Extraction in year, t N in natural manure, kg/t N /year /from manure, kg
liquid 2,5 3,1 7,8
Weanling (7,5-30 kg), all-round floor, rack floor
(partial)
Solid storage ad dry lot 0,06 6,4 0,4
liquid 0,1 3,8 0,4
Boar, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 1,5 2,6 3,9
Goats with yeanling, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 1,5 6,3 9,5
Sheep with yeanling, deep farm Solid storage ad dry lot 1,3 7,4 9,6
Horses, all-round floor Solid storage ad dry lot 8,0 5,2 41,6
Broiler Solid storage ad dry lot 0,02 21,7 0,43
Lying hen, cage 0,05 15,9 0,80
Lying hen, cage liquid 0,10 6,4 0,64
Source: Timbare, 2002 and Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics calculations
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 2014
160
ANNEX 4
Uncertainties
NOx
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base
year
estimate
Ex,t
Latest
year
estimate
Ex,t
Activity
data
uncertainty
Emission
factor
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by
emission factor
uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by
activity data
uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
Emission
Factor
quality
indicator
Activity
data
quality
indicator
1 A 1 a 1 A 1 a Public electricity and heat
production NOx 13.68 2.86 13.677 2.855 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 4.47% -5.93% 4.39% -2.96% 0.12% 2.97% D D
1 A 1 b 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining NOx NO NO
1 A 1 c 1 A 1 c Manufacture of solid fuels
and other energy industries NOx 0.29 0.26 0.294 0.263 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.41% 0.18% 0.40% 0.09% 0.01% 0.09% D D
1 A 2 a
1 A 2 a Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Iron and steel
NOx 0.49 0.10 0.486 0.101 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.16% -0.21% 0.16% -0.11% 0.00% 0.11% D D
1 A 2 b
1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Non-ferrous metals
NOx NO 0.01 0.012 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% D D
1 A 2 c
1 A 2 c Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Chemicals
NOx 0.39 0.07 0.394 0.071 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.11% -0.19% 0.11% -0.09% 0.00% 0.09% D D
1 A 2 d
1 A 2 d Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Pulp, Paper and Print
NOx 0.21 0.02 0.214 0.023 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.04% -0.13% 0.04% -0.06% 0.00% 0.06% D D
1 A 2 e
1 A 2 e Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Food processing,
beverages and tobacco
NOx 1.50 0.24 1.499 0.238 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.37% -0.77% 0.37% -0.38% 0.01% 0.38% D D
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Other (Please specify
in your IIR)
NOx 2.36 2.45 2.356 2.449 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 3.83% 1.98% 3.76% 0.99% 0.11% 1.00% D D
1 A 2 f ii
1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: (Please specify in
your IIR)
NOx 0.18 0.01 0.185 0.009 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.03% -0.13% 0.01% -0.13% 0.00% 0.13% D D
1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) International aviation
(LTO) NOx 0.51 0.30 0.511 0.301 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.21% 0.08% 0.46% 0.02% 0.07% 0.07%
1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil aviation
(Domestic, LTO) NOx 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b i Road transport:
Passenger cars NOx 11.03 3.74 11.027 3.743 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 2.62% -2.57% 5.75% -0.51% 0.81% 0.96%
1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b ii Road transport:Light
duty vehicles NOx 2.08 0.87 2.080 0.869 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.61% -0.24% 1.34% -0.05% 0.19% 0.19%
1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iii Road transport:, Heavy
duty vehicles NOx 11.11 11.06 11.110 11.064 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 7.74% 8.60% 17.00% 1.72% 2.40% 2.96%
1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b iv Road transport:
Mopeds & motorcycles NOx 0.00 0.01 0.001 0.006 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 c 1 A 3 c Railways NOx 6.69 3.07 6.692 3.073 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 4.81% -0.33% 4.72% -0.17% 0.13% 0.21%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base
year
estimate
Ex,t
Latest
year
estimate
Ex,t
Activity
data
uncertainty
Emission
factor
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by
emission factor
uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by
activity data
uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
Emission
Factor
quality
indicator
Activity
data
quality
indicator
1 A 3 d i (ii) 1 A 3 d i (ii) International inland
waterways NOx NO NO 2.00% 50.00% 50.04%
1 A 3 d ii 1 A 3 d ii National navigation
(Shipping) NOx 0.02 0.39 0.021 0.391 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.61% 0.58% 0.60% 0.29% 0.02% 0.29%
1 A 4 a i 1 A 4 a i Commercial /
institutional: Stationary NOx 5.36 1.31 5.360 1.307 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 2.05% -2.04% 2.01% -1.02% 0.06% 1.02% D D
1 A 4 a ii 1 A 4 a ii Commercial /
institutional: Mobile NOx 0.01 0.02 0.009 0.018 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.06% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% D D
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i Residential: Stationary
plants NOx 2.80 2.46 2.798 2.458 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 8.60% 1.66% 3.78% 1.66% 2.67% 3.15% D D
1 A 4 b ii 1 A 4 b ii Residential: Household
and gardening (mobile) NOx NO 0.05 0.047 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 0.17% 0.07% 0.07% 0.07% 0.05% 0.09% D D
1 A 4 c i
1 A 4 c i
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
Stationary
NOx 1.97 0.54 1.966 0.541 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.85% -0.65% 0.83% -0.33% 0.02% 0.33% D D
1 A 4 c ii
1 A 4 c ii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: Off-
road vehicles and other machinery
NOx 0.28 0.02 0.277 0.017 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.05% -0.18% 0.03% -0.18% 0.01% 0.18% D D
1A 4 c iii
1 A 4 c iii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
National fishing
NOx 0.18 0.05 0.176 0.050 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.16% -0.06% 0.08% -0.06% 0.02% 0.06% D D
1 A 5 a 1 A 5 a Other stationary (including
military) NOx NO NO
1 A 5 b
1 A 5 b Other, Mobile (including
military, land based and
recreational boats)
NOx NO 0.15 0.154 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.49% 0.24% 0.24% 0.24% 0.07% 0.25% D D
2 A 1 2 A 1 Cement production NOx 0.90 0.93 0.902 0.934 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.59% 0.75% 1.44% 0.15% 0.04% 0.16% D D
2 C 1 2 C 1 Iron and steel production NOx 2.81 0.85 2.805 0.855 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.54% -0.80% 1.31% -0.16% 0.04% 0.17% D D
4 G 4 G Agriculture other(c) NOx NO 0.01 0.008 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.03% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
6 C a 6 C a Clinical wasteincineration
(d) NOx NO 0.00 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C b 6 C b Industrial waste incineration
(d) NOx NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C d 6 C d Cremation NOx NO 0.00 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C e 6 C e Small scale waste burning NOx NE NE
6 D 6 D Other waste(e) NOx NA NA
7 A 7 A Other (included in national
total for entire territory) NOx 0.22 0.11 0.223 0.109 90% 200% 219.32% 0.75% 0.00% 0.17% 0.00% 0.21% 0.21%
National total for the entire
territory 65.06471 31.97 65.06 31.97 4.600 21.100 21.856 40.361% 0.003% 49.134% -0.927% 7.092% 15.171%
KONTROLE Percentage uncertainty in total inventory 63.53% Trend uncertainty 38.95%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
CO
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
EF uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
AD uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
Emission
Factor
quality
indicator
Activity
data
quality
indicator
1 A 1 a 1 A 1 a Public electricity and heat
production CO 3.89 2.75 3.891 2.746 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.61% 0.18% 0.60% 0.09% 0.02% 0.09% D D
1 A 1 c 1 A 1 c Manufacture of solid fuels
and other energy industries CO 1.61 0.20 1.614 0.203 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.05% -0.13% 0.04% -0.07% 0.00% 0.07% D D
1 A 2 a
1 A 2 a Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Iron and steel
CO 0.23 0.13 0.227 0.129 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.03% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 b
1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Non-ferrous metals
CO NO 0.00 0.004 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 c
1 A 2 c Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Chemicals
CO 0.16 0.28 0.156 0.284 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.06% 0.05% 0.06% 0.02% 0.00% 0.02% D D
1 A 2 d
1 A 2 d Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Pulp, Paper and Print
CO 0.10 0.17 0.102 0.173 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.04% 0.03% 0.04% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% D D
1 A 2 e
1 A 2 e Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Food processing,
beverages and tobacco
CO 1.86 0.66 1.858 0.660 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.15% -0.06% 0.15% -0.03% 0.00% 0.03% D D
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Other (Please specify
in your IIR)
CO 1.88 19.04 1.881 19.041 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 4.23% 3.98% 4.18% 1.99% 0.12% 1.99% D D
1 A 2 f ii
1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: (Please specify in
your IIR)
CO 23.76 1.19 23.760 1.187 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.54% -2.33% 0.26% -2.33% 0.07% 2.33% D D
1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) International aviation
(LTO) CO 0.26 0.43 0.263 0.428 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.10% 0.07% 0.09% 0.03% 0.01% 0.04%
1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil aviation
(Domestic, LTO) CO 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.001 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b i Road transport:
Passenger cars CO 160.26 13.17 160.259 13.167 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 1.31% -14.51% 2.89% -2.90% 0.41% 2.93%
1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b ii Road transport:Light
duty vehicles CO 18.01 0.77 18.010 0.774 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.08% -1.79% 0.17% -0.36% 0.02% 0.36%
1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iii Road transport:, Heavy
duty vehicles CO 9.85 2.79 9.850 2.790 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.28% -0.46% 0.61% -0.09% 0.09% 0.13%
1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b iv Road transport:
Mopeds & motorcycles CO 0.43 0.18 0.433 0.185 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.02% -0.01% 0.04% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01%
1 A 3 c 1 A 3 c Railways CO 1.81 0.83 1.808 0.830 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.18% -0.01% 0.18% -0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
1 A 3 d ii 1 A 3 d ii National navigation
(Shipping) CO 0.03 0.09 0.035 0.089 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
1 A 4 a i 1 A 4 a i Commercial /
institutional: Stationary CO 26.35 7.68 26.347 7.677 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 1.70% -1.18% 1.69% -0.59% 0.05% 0.59% D D
1 A 4 a ii 1 A 4 a ii Commercial /
institutional: Mobile CO 1.19 2.37 1.188 2.374 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 1.07% 0.39% 0.52% 0.39% 0.15% 0.42% D D
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i Residential: Stationary
plants CO 137.98 143.89 137.983 143.889 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 71.34% 16.54% 31.62% 16.54% 22.36% 27.82% D D
1 A 4 b ii 1 A 4 b ii Residential: Household
and gardening (mobile) CO NO 20.84 20.842 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 10.33% 4.58% 4.58% 4.58% 3.24% 5.61% D D
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
EF uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
AD uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
Emission
Factor
quality
indicator
Activity
data
quality
indicator
1 A 4 c i
1 A 4 c i
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
Stationary
CO 3.71 0.76 3.709 0.758 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.17% -0.24% 0.17% -0.12% 0.00% 0.12% D D
1 A 4 c ii
1 A 4 c ii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: Off-
road vehicles and other machinery
CO 53.72 3.26 53.724 3.258 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 1.47% -5.13% 0.72% -5.13% 0.20% 5.13% D D
1 A 4 c iii
1 A 4 c iii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
National fishing
CO 0.07 0.05 0.070 0.051 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.02% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 5 a 1 A 5 a Other stationary (including
military) CO NO NO
1 A 5 b
1 A 5 b Other, Mobile (including
military, land based and
recreational boats)
CO NO 0.02 0.016 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
2 A 5 2 A 5 Asphalt roofing CO 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.001 20.00% 70.00% 72.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
2 C 1 2 C 1 Iron and steel production CO 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.000 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
4 G 4 G Agriculture other(c) CO NO 0.12 0.115 50% 200% 206.16% 0.11% 0.03% 0.03% 0.05% 0.02% 0.05%
6 A 6 A Solid waste disposal on land CO NA NA
6 B 6 B Waste-water handling CO NA NA
6 C a 6 C a Clinical wasteincineration
(d) CO NO 0.00 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C b 6 C b Industrial waste incineration
(d) CO NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C c 6 C c Municipal waste incineration
(d) CO NO NO
6 C d 6 C d Cremation CO NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C e 6 C e Small scale waste burning CO NE NE
6 D 6 D Other waste(e) CO NA NA
7 A 7 A Other (included in national
total for entire territory) CO 7.85 3.84 7.848 3.837 90% 200% 219.32% 3.73% -0.01% 0.84% -0.02% 1.07% 1.07%
National total for the entire
territory 455.02 225.51 455.02 225.51 5.060 22.700 23.497 97.628% 0.010% 49.561% 12.090% 27.861% 48.844%
KONTROLE Percentage uncertainty in total inventory 98.81% Trend
uncertainty 69.89%
NMVOC
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
EF uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
AD uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
EM
quality
indicator
AD
quality
indicator
1 A 1 a 1 A 1 a Public electricity and heat
production NMVOC 0.41 0.10 0.414 0.097 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.07% -0.19% 0.10% -0.09% 0.00% 0.09% D D
1 A 1 b 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining NMVOC NO NO
1 A 1 c 1 A 1 c Manufacture of solid fuels
and other energy industries NMVOC 0.08 0.01 0.081 0.006 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.00% -0.05% 0.01% -0.02% 0.00% 0.02% D D
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
EF uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
AD uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
EM
quality
indicator
AD
quality
indicator
1 A 2 a
1 A 2 a Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Iron and steel
NMVOC 0.03 0.01 0.033 0.012 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.01% -0.01% 0.01% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% D D
1 A 2 b
1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Non-ferrous metals
NMVOC NO 0.00 0.000 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 c
1 A 2 c Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Chemicals
NMVOC 0.04 0.03 0.037 0.027 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.02% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 d
1 A 2 d Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Pulp, Paper and Print
NMVOC 0.01 0.02 0.011 0.016 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 e
1 A 2 e Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Food processing,
beverages and tobacco
NMVOC 0.24 0.06 0.241 0.063 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.05% -0.10% 0.06% -0.05% 0.00% 0.05% D D
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i Stationary combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: Other (Please specify
in your IIR)
NMVOC 0.25 1.77 0.251 1.766 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 1.26% 1.57% 1.74% 0.78% 0.05% 0.79% D D
1 A 2 f ii
1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in
manufacturing industries and
construction: (Please specify in
your IIR)
NMVOC 0.88 0.04 0.880 0.044 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.06% -0.55% 0.04% -0.55% 0.01% 0.55% D D
1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) International aviation
(LTO) NMVOC 0.05 0.02 0.051 0.018 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.01% -0.02% 0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil aviation
(Domestic, LTO) NMVOC 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b i Road transport:
Passenger cars NMVOC 15.76 1.92 15.762 1.917 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.61% -8.79% 1.89% -1.76% 0.27% 1.78%
1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b ii Road transport:Light
duty vehicles NMVOC 1.94 0.12 1.944 0.122 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.04% -1.20% 0.12% -0.24% 0.02% 0.24%
1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iii Road transport:, Heavy
duty vehicles NMVOC 4.21 0.75 4.206 0.747 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.24% -2.12% 0.74% -0.42% 0.10% 0.44%
1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b iv Road transport: Mopeds
& motorcycles NMVOC 0.27 0.06 0.273 0.058 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.02% -0.13% 0.06% -0.03% 0.01% 0.03%
1 A 3 b v 1 A 3 b v Road transport:
Gasoline evaporation NMVOC NE NE 10.00% 20.00% 22.36%
1 A 3 c 1 A 3 c Railways NMVOC 0.79 0.36 0.786 0.361 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.26% -0.18% 0.36% -0.09% 0.01% 0.09%
1 A 3 d i (ii) 1 A 3 d i (ii) International inland
waterways NMVOC NO NO
1 A 3 d ii 1 A 3 d ii National navigation
(Shipping) NMVOC 0.01 0.03 0.011 0.030 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.03% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
1 A 3 e 1 A 3 e Pipeline compressors NMVOC NA NA
1 A 4 a i 1 A 4 a i Commercial /
institutional: Stationary NMVOC 2.65 0.72 2.655 0.717 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.51% -1.09% 0.71% -0.55% 0.02% 0.55% D D
1 A 4 a ii 1 A 4 a ii Commercial /
institutional: Mobile NMVOC 0.04 0.09 0.044 0.088 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.13% 0.06% 0.09% 0.06% 0.02% 0.06% D D
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i Residential: Stationary
plants NMVOC 21.98 24.80 21.981 24.799 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 39.65% 9.49% 24.42% 9.49% 17.27% 19.71% D D
1 A 4 b ii 1 A 4 b ii Residential: Household
and gardening (mobile) NMVOC NO 0.66 0.660 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 1.05% 0.65% 0.65% 0.65% 0.46% 0.80% D D
1 A 4 c i
1 A 4 c i
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
Stationary
NMVOC 0.39 0.10 0.389 0.096 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.07% -0.17% 0.09% -0.08% 0.00% 0.08% D D
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutant 1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as
% of total
national
emissions in
year t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
EF uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in
national
emissions
introduced by
AD uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in
total national
emissions
EM
quality
indicator
AD
quality
indicator
1 A 4 c ii
1 A 4 c ii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: Off-
road vehicles and other machinery
NMVOC 27.68 1.68 27.676 1.679 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 2.45% -17.07% 1.65% -17.07% 0.47% 17.08% D D
1A 4 c iii
1A 4 c iii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing:
National fishing
NMVOC 0.02 0.01 0.018 0.008 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 5 b
1 A 5 b Other, Mobile (including
military, land based and
recreational boats)
NMVOC NO 0.01 0.006 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% D D
1 B 2 a v 1 B 2 a v Distribution of oil
products NMVOC 2.98 1.08 2.979 1.079 2.00% 2.00% 2.83% 0.04% -0.96% 1.06% -0.02% 0.03% 0.04% M M
2 A 1 2 A 1 Cement production NMVOC 0.15 0.01 0.154 0.011 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.00% -0.09% 0.01% -0.02% 0.00% 0.02% D D
2 A 5 2 A 5 Asphalt roofing NMVOC 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.001 20.00% 70.00% 72.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
2 A 6 2 A 6 Road paving with asphalt NMVOC 0.50 21.33 0.499 21.333 20.00% 70.00% 72.80% 22.21% 20.67% 21.01% 14.47% 5.94% 15.64% D D
2 A 7 d
2 A 7 d Other Mineral products
(Please specify the sources
included/excluded in the notes
column to the right)
NMVOC 0.00 0.02 0.001 0.015 100.00% 50.00% 111.80% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02% D D
2 C 1 2 C 1 Iron and steel production NMVOC 0.25 0.08 0.248 0.075 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.02% -0.09% 0.07% -0.02% 0.00% 0.02% D D
2 D 2 2 D 2 Food and drink NMVOC 3.38 1.32 3.382 1.318 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.38% -1.00% 1.30% -0.20% 0.04% 0.20% D D
3 A 1 3 A 1 Decorative coating
application NMVOC 0.90 2.89 0.902 2.889 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% 3.10% 2.23% 2.84% 1.67% 0.08% 1.68% M M
3 A 2 3 A 2 Industrial coating application NMVOC 6.55 IE 6.545 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% -4.44% -3.33% 3.33% M M
3 A 3
3 A 3 Other coating application
(Please specify the sources
included/excluded in the notes
column to the right)
NMVOC IE IE 2.00% 75.00% 75.03%
3 B 1 3 B 1 Degreasing NMVOC 2.27 0.01 2.268 0.005 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% 0.01% -1.53% 0.01% -1.15% 0.00% 1.15% M M
3 C 3 C Chemical products NMVOC NE 0.58 0.576 3.00% 20.00% 20.22% 0.17% 0.57% 0.57% 0.11% 0.02% 0.12% M M
3 D 1 3 D 1 Printing NMVOC 1.73 0.01 1.734 0.013 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% 0.01% -1.16% 0.01% -0.87% 0.00% 0.87% M M
3 D 2 3 D 2 Domestic solvent use
including fungicides NMVOC 4.80 2.59 4.802 2.591 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% 2.78% -0.71% 2.55% -0.53% 0.07% 0.53% M M
3 D 3 3 D 3 Other product use NMVOC NE 6.33 6.328 2.00% 75.00% 75.03% 6.79% 6.23% 6.23% 4.67% 0.18% 4.68% M M
4 D 1 a 4 D 1 a Synthetic N-fertilizers NMVOC 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 2% 100% 100.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 A 6 A Solid waste disposal on land NMVOC 0.27 0.35 0.266 0.353 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.52% 0.17% 0.35% 0.17% 0.10% 0.19%
6 B 6 B Waste-water handling NMVOC 0.01 0.00 0.009 0.004 10.00% 30.00% 31.62% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C a 6 C a Clinical wasteincineration
(d) NMVOC NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C b 6 C b Industrial waste incineration
(d) NMVOC NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C d 6 C d Cremation NMVOC NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
National total for the entire
territory 101.53 69.93 101.53 69.93 5.510 28.270 29.533 82.625% 0.044% 68.873% 4.999% 25.212% 70.889%
KONTROLE Percentage uncertainty in total inventory 90.90% Trend
uncertainty 84.20%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
SO2
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutan
t
1990
Estimat
e
2012
Estimat
e
Base year
emmission
s
Latest
year
emission
s
AD uncertainty
EF
uncertaint
y
Combined
uncertaint
y
Combined
uncertaint
y as % of
total
national
emissions
in year t
Type A
sensitivit
y
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertaint
y in trend
in national
emissions
introduced
by EF
uncertainty
Uncertaint
y in trend
in national
emissions
introduced
by AD
uncertainty
Uncertaint
y
introduced
into the
trend in
total
national
emissions
EM
quality
indicato
r
AD
quality
indicato
r
1 A 1 a 1 A 1 a Public electricity
and heat production SOx 36.30 0.31 36.296 0.315 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 4.93% -0.75% 0.30% -0.38% 0.01% 0.38% D D
1 A 1 b 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining SOx NO NO
1 A 1 c
1 A 1 c Manufacture of solid
fuels and other energy
industries
SOx 0.91 0.03 0.913 0.028 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.44% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 a
1 A 2 a Stationary
combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Iron and
steel
SOx 1.36 0.03 1.361 0.028 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.44% -0.01% 0.03% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% D D
1 A 2 b
1 A 2 b Stationary
Combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Non-
ferrous metals
SOx NO NO
1 A 2 c
1 A 2 c Stationary
combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Chemicals
SOx 3.05 0.01 3.045 0.009 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.15% -0.08% 0.01% -0.04% 0.00% 0.04% D D
1 A 2 d
1 A 2 d Stationary
combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Pulp,
Paper and Print
SOx 0.23 NO 0.231 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% -0.01% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 2 e
1 A 2 e Stationary
combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Food
processing, beverages and
tobacco
SOx 8.68 0.08 8.681 0.080 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 1.26% -0.18% 0.08% -0.09% 0.00% 0.09% D D
1 A 2 f i
1 A 2 f i Stationary
combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: Other
(Please specify in your IIR)
SOx 9.87 0.77 9.869 0.765 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 11.99% 0.44% 0.73% 0.22% 0.02% 0.22% D D
1 A 2 f ii
1 A 2 f ii Mobile
Combustion in
manufacturing industries
and construction: (Please
specify in your IIR)
SOx 0.01 0.00 0.006 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) International
aviation (LTO) SOx 0.05 0.03 0.053 0.029 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.20% 0.03% 0.03% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil aviation
(Domestic, LTO) SOx 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b i Road transport:
Passenger cars SOx 0.12 0.01 0.122 0.010 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.07% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b ii Road
transport:Light duty vehicles SOx 0.03 0.00 0.033 0.001 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NFR
category
code
NFR category Pollutan
t
1990
Estimat
e
2012
Estimat
e
Base year
emmission
s
Latest
year
emission
s
AD uncertainty
EF
uncertaint
y
Combined
uncertaint
y
Combined
uncertaint
y as % of
total
national
emissions
in year t
Type A
sensitivit
y
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertaint
y in trend
in national
emissions
introduced
by EF
uncertainty
Uncertaint
y in trend
in national
emissions
introduced
by AD
uncertainty
Uncertaint
y
introduced
into the
trend in
total
national
emissions
EM
quality
indicato
r
AD
quality
indicato
r
1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iii Road transport:,
Heavy duty vehicles SOx 0.21 0.01 0.206 0.008 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.05% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b iv Road transport:
Mopeds & motorcycles SOx 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 10.00% 20.00% 22.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 c 1 A 3 c Railways SOx 0.68 0.16 0.676 0.155 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.98% 0.13% 0.15% 0.03% 0.00% 0.03%
1 A 3 d i
(ii)
1 A 3 d i (ii) International
inland waterways SOx NO NO
1 A 3 d ii 1 A 3 d ii National
navigation (Shipping) SOx 0.00 0.01 0.000 0.005 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 4 a i 1 A 4 a i Commercial /
institutional: Stationary SOx 26.34 0.43 26.337 0.432 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 6.77% -0.35% 0.41% -0.18% 0.01% 0.18% D D
1 A 4 a ii 1 A 4 a ii Commercial /
institutional: Mobile SOx 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 4 b i 1 A 4 b i Residential:
Stationary plants SOx 8.69 0.41 8.692 0.406 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 14.22% 0.13% 0.39% 0.13% 0.27% 0.31% D D
1 A 4 b ii
1 A 4 b ii Residential:
Household and gardening
(mobile)
SOx NO 0.00 0.002 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1 A 4 c i
1 A 4 c i
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing
: Stationary
SOx 2.98 0.46 2.983 0.463 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 7.25% 0.35% 0.44% 0.18% 0.01% 0.18% D D
1 A 4 c ii
1 A 4 c ii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing
: Off-road vehicles and other
machinery
SOx 0.01 0.00 0.011 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
1A 4 c iii
1 A 4 c iii
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing
: National fishing
SOx 0.65 0.05 0.650 0.052 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 1.65% 0.03% 0.05% 0.03% 0.01% 0.03% D D
1 A 5 b
1 A 5 b Other, Mobile
(including military, land
based and recreational boats)
SOx NO 0.00 0.002 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
2 A 1 2 A 1 Cement production SOx 3.41 0.37 3.409 0.374 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 2.35% 0.26% 0.36% 0.05% 0.01% 0.05% D D
2 C 1 2 C 1 Iron and steel
production SOx 0.09 0.03 0.088 0.027 2.00% 20.00% 20.10% 0.17% 0.02% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% D D
2 D 1 2 D 1 Pulp and paper SOx 1.10 NO 1.098 2.00% 100.00% 100.02% -0.03% -0.03% 0.03%
6 C a 6 C a Clinical
wasteincineration (d) SOx NO 0.00 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C b 6 C b Industrial waste
incineration (d) SOx NO 0.00 0.000 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
6 C d 6 C d Cremation SOx NO 0.00 0.001 20.00% 100.00% 101.98% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
National total for the
entire territory 104.76 3.19 104.76 3.19 3.480 17.500 18.044 53.187% 0.003% 3.050% -0.063% 0.370% 1.564%
KONTROLE Percentage uncertainty in total
inventory 72.93%
Trend
uncertainty 12.51%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
NH3
NFR
category
code
NFR category Polluta
nt
1990
Estimate
2012
Estimate
Base year
emmissions
Latest
year
emissions
AD
uncertainty
EF
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty
Combined
uncertainty as %
of total national
emissions in year
t
Type A
sensitivity
Type B
sensitivity
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by EF
uncertainty
Uncertainty in
trend in national
emissions
introduced by AD
uncertainty
Uncertainty
introduced into
the trend in total
national emissions
EM
quality
indicator
AD
quality
indicator
1 A 3 b i
1 A 3 b i Road
transport: Passenger
cars
NH3 0.01 0.22 0.010 0.220 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.87% 0.45% 0.46% 0.23% 0.06% 0.23%
1 A 3 b ii
1 A 3 b ii Road
transport:Light duty
vehicles
NH3 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.004 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b iii
1 A 3 b iii Road
transport:, Heavy
duty vehicles
NH3 0.00 0.00 0.003 0.005 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 b iv
1 A 3 b iv Road
transport: Mopeds &
motorcycles
NH3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 10.00% 50.00% 50.99% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 c 1 A 3 c Railways NH3 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.001 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 3 d ii
1 A 3 d ii National
navigation
(Shipping)
NH3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 2.00% 50.00% 50.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 A 4 b i
1 A 4 b i
Residential:
Stationary plants
NH3 0.08 0.10 0.078 0.100 50.00% 100.00% 111.80% 0.86% 0.16% 0.21% 0.16% 0.15% 0.22% D D
4 B 1 a 4 B 1 a Cattle dairy NH3 11.82 3.53 11.816 3.534 2% 80% 80.02% 21.86% 0.75% 7.33% 0.60% 0.21% 0.64%
4 B 1 b 4 B 1 b Cattle non-
dairy NH3 12.16 2.87 12.157 2.865 2% 80% 80.02% 17.72% -0.82% 5.94% -0.66% 0.17% 0.68%
4 B 13 4 B 13 Other NH3 NA NO
4 B 2 4 B 2 Buffalo NH3 NO NO
4 B 3 4 B 3 Sheep NH3 0.19 0.19 0.185 0.191 2% 80% 80.02% 1.18% 0.29% 0.40% 0.23% 0.01% 0.23%
4 B 4 4 B 4 Goats NH3 0.01 0.03 0.006 0.032 2% 80% 80.02% 0.20% 0.06% 0.07% 0.05% 0.00% 0.05%
4 B 6 4 B 6 Horses NH3 0.27 0.10 0.274 0.105 0.06% 0.22%
4 B 7 4 B 7 Mules and
asses NH3 NO NO
4 B 8 4 B 8 Swine NH3 6.39 1.71 6.394 1.711 2% 80% 80.02% 10.59% -0.01% 3.55% -0.01% 0.10% 0.10%
4 B 9 a 4 B 9 a Laying hens NH3 2.85 1.22 2.851 1.221 2% 80% 80.02% 7.55% 0.94% 2.53% 0.76% 0.07% 0.76%
4 B 9 b 4 B 9 b Broilers NH3 IE IE
4 B 9 c 4 B 9 c Turkeys NH3 IE IE
4 B 9 d 4 B 9 d Other
poultry NH3 IE IE
4 D 1 a 4 D 1 a Synthetic N-
fertilizers NH3 13.14 2.16 13.140 2.165 2.00% 100.00% 100.02% 16.74% -2.81% 4.49% -2.81% 0.13% 2.82%
6 B 6 B Waste-water
handling NH3 1.31 0.79 1.308 0.786 10.00% 30.00% 31.62% 1.92% 0.90% 1.63% 0.27% 0.23% 0.36%
National total for
the entire territory 48.2243 12.94 48.22 12.94 1.180 10.100 10.276 79.514% 0.007% 26.828% -1.167% 1.131% 6.091%
KONTROLE Percentage uncertainty in total inventory 89.17% Trend uncertainty 24.68%
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
ANNEX 5
Fuel consumption in Energy sector (stationary combustion), PJ
1.A.1 Energy Industries
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.A.1. Energy Industries
Liquid Fuels 40.479 33.253 28.440 27.170 30.860 20.519 27.334 17.438 20.662 17.491 7.901 5.277 5.076 3.606 3.144 2.395 1.512 1.389 0.905 1.230 0.947 0.869 0.663
Solid Fuels 5.261 4.746 5.508 5.579 4.517 5.211 4.149 3.965 2.782 1.765 2.752 1.645 1.290 0.873 0.280 0.244 0.135 0.371 0.466 0.482 0.430 0.430 0.524
Gaseous Fuels 48.609 49.859 39.792 24.255 16.779 24.117 18.828 28.442 27.088 25.720 28.868 33.579 32.544 34.078 32.415 33.355 35.235 32.668 32.698 31.304 38.662 35.583 31.876
Biomass 0.436 0.590 0.673 0.865 1.300 1.065 1.637 3.413 4.112 3.700 3.235 4.152 4.667 5.558 5.530 4.732 5.323 5.297 5.179 5.274 5.841 5.918 8.228
1.A.1.a. Public Electricity and Heat Production
Liquid Fuels 40.140 33.002 28.189 26.919 30.426 20.266 26.110 17.107 18.115 14.485 6.350 5.108 4.864 3.437 2.932 2.183 1.300 1.219 0.692 1.060 0.734 0.614 0.493
Diesel oil 5.524 5.226 3.824 0.935 0.382 0.085 0.042 0.297 0.085 0.085 0.127 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.016 0.015 0.042 0.127
RFO 32.561 26.146 23.183 24.563 30.044 20.016 25.984 16.768 17.905 14.007 5.278 4.425 4.425 3.207 2.801 2.111 1.218 1.137 0.650 1.015 0.690 0.568 0.365
LPG 0.046 0.046 0.046 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Other liquid 1.967 1.583 1.137 1.421 NO 0.126 0.084 0.042 0.126 NO NO 0.126 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Waste oils 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.042 0.029 0.088 0.029 NO NO NO 0.029 0.029 0.003 NO
Shale oil NO NO NO NO NO 0.039 NO NO NO 0.394 0.944 0.472 0.354 0.157 NO NO 0.039 0.039 NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 3.683 3.440 3.880 4.544 3.613 4.085 3.144 3.141 2.191 1.415 2.340 1.524 1.280 0.863 0.270 0.224 0.125 0.361 0.466 0.482 0.430 0.430 0.524
Coal 2.305 1.736 1.935 2.106 1.366 1.395 0.740 0.541 0.427 0.370 0.370 0.398 0.285 0.210 0.210 0.184 0.105 0.341 0.446 0.472 0.420 0.420 0.524
Peat briquettes 0.031 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.077 0.062 0.077 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat 1.347 1.688 1.930 2.422 2.231 2.613 2.342 2.523 1.749 1.045 1.970 1.126 0.995 0.653 0.060 0.040 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.010 0.010 NO
Natural gas 47.802 49.234 39.162 23.631 16.143 23.172 17.785 27.871 26.347 25.080 28.059 32.700 31.737 33.203 31.542 32.481 34.295 32.098 31.892 30.806 37.787 34.641 30.899
Biomass 0.436 0.590 0.673 0.865 1.300 1.065 1.637 3.387 4.078 3.599 3.235 3.670 4.185 4.700 4.672 4.250 4.841 4.754 4.636 4.517 5.338 5.288 7.672
Wood 0.436 0.590 0.673 0.831 1.300 1.045 1.595 3.363 4.060 3.558 3.191 3.617 4.097 4.644 4.570 4.132 4.741 4.675 4.556 4.390 5.121 4.635 5.793
Sludge Gas NO NO NO 0.034 0.000 0.020 0.042 0.024 0.018 0.041 0.044 0.053 0.088 0.056 0.102 0.118 0.100 0.079 0.080 0.120 0.119 0.104 0.109
Other Biogas NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.007 0.091 0.497 1.731
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.008 0.052 0.039
1.A.1.c. Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries
Liquid Fuels 0.339 0.251 0.251 0.251 0.433 0.253 1.224 0.330 2.547 3.005 1.551 0.170 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.255 0.170
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Diesel oil 0.212 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.212 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.212 0.127 0.170 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.255 0.170
RFO 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.041 1.096 0.203 0.487 0.731 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
LPG 0.046 NO NO NO 0.182 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Jet fuel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.216 0.346 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Other liquid fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 1.716 1.716 1.423 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 1.578 1.307 1.628 1.035 0.905 1.126 1.005 0.824 0.591 0.350 0.412 0.121 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.010 NO NO NO NO NO
Coal NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat 1.578 1.307 1.628 1.035 0.905 1.126 1.005 0.824 0.563 0.322 0.412 0.121 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.010 NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 0.808 0.625 0.630 0.624 0.637 0.944 1.042 0.572 0.740 0.639 0.809 0.878 0.808 0.875 0.873 0.873 0.940 0.571 0.806 0.498 0.875 0.942 0.978
Wood NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.034 0.101 NO 0.482 0.482 0.858 0.858 0.482 0.482 0.543 0.543 0.757 0.503 0.630 0.556
1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Liquid Fuels 28.963 18.770 16.010 16.557 16.022 16.300 15.981 15.687 12.669 11.157 7.334 4.892 4.612 4.741 4.530 3.654 4.280 4.050 3.309 3.034 3.616 2.389 2.752
Solid Fuels 1.599 1.008 1.110 1.748 1.645 0.824 0.767 0.740 0.686 0.702 0.518 0.518 0.496 0.397 0.407 1.105 1.498 2.074 2.130 1.497 1.956 2.324 2.332
Gaseous Fuels 25.610 23.489 19.006 12.431 9.761 9.990 9.885 9.548 9.791 9.144 9.858 11.600 12.848 12.726 13.093 13.550 13.263 12.884 11.607 9.281 10.495 7.543 7.887
Biomass 0.617 0.603 0.616 1.779 2.101 2.414 2.664 2.740 3.188 3.176 2.696 3.856 3.393 3.309 4.706 5.535 6.429 5.388 5.798 8.641 9.810 11.188 12.921
Other Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.037 0.131 0.245 0.332 0.290 0.313 0.174 0.119 0.090 0.236 0.078 0.945 1.857 2.069
1.A.2.a Iron and Steel
Liquid Fuels 2.057 1.017 0.733 0.731 0.913 0.705 0.785 1.162 1.088 1.130 1.173 1.083 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.652 0.963 0.963 0.917 0.793 1.006 NO NO
Shale oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.079 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil 0.042 0.042 0.042 NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO 0.001 NO NO
RFO 1.177 0.974 0.690 0.284 0.284 0.203 0.325 0.325 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.122 0.081 NO NO NO
Other Liquid Fuels NO NO NO 0.447 0.586 0.502 0.460 0.837 1.088 1.130 1.130 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.084 0.963 0.963 0.795 0.712 1.005 NO NO
Waste oils 0.837 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO 0.526 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 0.053 0.105 0.132 0.134 0.185 0.158 0.158 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.241 0.134 0.188 0.161 0.134 0.107 0.134 0.134 0.107 0.107 0.348
Anthracite NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.082
Coal NO NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 0.105
Coke 0.053 0.105 0.132 0.105 0.185 0.158 0.158 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.241 0.134 0.188 0.161 0.134 0.107 0.134 0.134 0.080 0.080 0.161
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Natural gas 4.238 3.602 3.426 2.893 3.109 2.361 2.521 3.955 4.038 3.900 3.913 4.066 3.904 3.970 4.031 4.131 4.098 4.125 3.827 3.403 3.835 1.178 1.448
1.A.2.b Non-Ferrous Metals
Diesel oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.002 0.003
Coal NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.002 0.001
Natural gas NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.054 0.101 0.169 0.190 0.269 0.302 0.269 0.203 0.204 0.201 0.134 0.101 0.134 0.168 0.169
1.A.2.c Chemicals
Liquid Fuels 3.642 2.059 1.684 2.964 3.250 4.547 3.451 3.207 0.325 0.164 0.122 0.164 0.162 0.122 NO NO NO NO 0.153 0.126 0.097 0.131 0.154
Gasoline NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 NO NO
Other Kerosene 0.389 0.389 0.259 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel Oil 0.127 0.127 0.085 NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.017
RFO 3.126 1.543 1.340 2.964 3.207 4.547 3.451 3.207 0.325 0.122 0.122 0.122 0.162 0.122 NO NO NO NO 0.081 0.041 0.009 NO NO
LPG NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.046 0.137
Other Liquid Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Waste oils NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.029 NO NO NO NO
Coal NO NO NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 NO
Natural gas 0.423 0.578 0.414 0.643 0.693 1.091 0.703 0.304 0.302 0.365 0.318 0.270 0.279 0.309 0.406 0.443 0.480 0.381 0.514 0.519 0.603 0.404 0.371
Biomass NO NO NO 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.013 0.020 0.020 0.054 0.047 0.046 0.029 0.019 0.047 0.029 0.059 0.073 0.188 0.130 0.188 0.170 0.210
Wood NO NO NO 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.013 0.020 0.020 0.054 0.047 0.046 0.029 0.019 0.047 0.029 0.056 0.072 0.187 0.127 0.187 0.169 0.210
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 NO
1.A.2.d Pulp, Paper and Print
Liquid Fuels 0.203 0.162 0.122 0.122 0.041 0.081 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 0.014 0.006
RFO 0.203 0.162 0.122 0.122 0.041 0.081 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 0.014 0.006
Coal 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.114 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.057 0.028 0.028 NO 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 2.701 2.614 2.412 0.654 0.044 0.101 0.119 0.105 0.095 0.101 0.101 0.135 0.134 0.168 0.168 0.202 0.235 0.201 0.201 0.101 0.101 0.101 0.068
Wood NO NO NO 0.065 0.188 0.087 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.040 0.023 0.013 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.027 0.020 0.016 0.007 0.163 0.156 0.107 0.102
1.A.2.e Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco
Liquid Fuels 10.547 7.700 7.045 6.807 4.419 4.653 5.429 5.205 5.239 4.133 2.809 1.650 1.483 1.122 0.960 0.999 1.003 0.788 0.507 0.616 0.614 0.435 0.536
Jet Kerosene NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.043 0.086 0.043 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Other Kerosene NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.043 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Shale Oil NO NO NO NO NO 0.039 NO NO NO NO 0.630 0.079 0.079 0.039 0.039 0.079 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.079 0.039
Diesel Oil 3.229 3.229 3.102 3.229 0.765 0.552 0.510 0.807 0.722 0.552 0.552 0.467 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.297 0.255 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.170 0.085 0.127
RFO 7.105 4.425 3.898 3.532 3.654 4.019 4.791 4.222 4.385 3.492 1.583 0.974 0.893 0.609 0.406 0.406 0.447 0.329 0.122 0.244 0.284 0.122 0.203
LPG 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.046 NO NO NO 0.046 0.046 0.046 NO 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.091 0.091 0.046 0.091 0.091 0.091 0.137
Other Liquid Fuels 0.167 NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.042 NO NO NO NO 0.084 0.084 NO 0.042 0.084 0.084 NO NO NO NO NO NO
Waste oils NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.117 0.088 0.029 0.029 0.058 0.029
Solid Fuels 1.069 0.598 0.655 0.593 0.581 0.309 0.309 0.267 0.184 0.239 0.140 0.140 0.141 0.158 0.105 0.132 0.105 0.079 0.079 0.052 0.055 0.026 0.026
Coal 0.911 0.598 0.655 0.541 0.512 0.256 0.256 0.199 0.142 0.171 0.114 0.114 0.114 0.131 0.105 0.105 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.052 0.052 0.026 0.026
Coke 0.158 NO NO 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.026 0.053 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.027 NO 0.027 0.027 NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat Briquettes NO NO NO NO 0.015 NO NO 0.015 0.015 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 NO NO
Natural gas 3.149 2.698 2.511 3.500 2.831 3.066 3.282 3.042 2.723 2.604 2.613 2.781 2.989 2.765 3.242 3.154 3.254 2.688 2.142 1.935 1.904 1.871 1.809
Biomass 0.228 0.231 0.230 0.238 0.316 0.327 0.330 0.325 0.328 0.349 0.450 0.800 0.842 0.719 0.916 1.034 0.772 0.701 0.394 0.488 0.339 0.361 0.535
Wood 0.228 0.231 0.230 0.238 0.316 0.327 0.330 0.325 0.328 0.349 0.450 0.800 0.842 0.719 0.916 1.034 0.772 0.701 0.394 0.483 0.333 0.361 0.535
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.005 0.006 0.000 NO
1.A.2.f Other
Construction
Liquid Fuels 2.735 1.905 0.970 0.675 0.543 0.456 0.463 0.633 0.589 0.462 0.462 0.380 0.510 0.423 0.636 0.636 0.722 1.274 0.766 0.796 0.617 1.052 1.140
Gasoline 0.836 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.044 NO 0.088 0.044 0.044 NO NO NO 0.044 NO 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.018 0.044 0.044
Diesel Oil 1.615 1.445 0.510 0.255 0.255 0.212 0.212 0.467 0.382 0.340 0.340 0.297 0.425 0.382 0.510 0.510 0.637 1.190 0.722 0.722 0.510 0.892 1.020
LPG NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.019 0.046 0.047
Other Liquid Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Waste oils NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.029
RFO 0.284 0.284 0.284 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.162 0.122 0.162 0.122 0.122 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.041 NO NO 0.041 0.041 NO
Solid Fuels NO NO NO 0.142 0.114 0.057 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.027 0.026 0.026
Coal NO NO NO 0.142 0.114 0.057 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 0.026
Peat Briquettes NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 NO NO
Natural gas 1.429 1.851 0.315 0.288 0.070 0.131 0.127 0.101 0.144 0.186 0.192 0.274 0.554 0.768 0.634 0.699 0.906 0.948 0.972 0.622 0.653 0.657 0.859
Biomass 0.127 0.121 0.126 0.264 0.303 0.267 0.261 0.283 0.288 0.279 0.278 0.266 0.264 0.273 0.424 0.370 0.408 0.294 0.269 0.239 0.192 0.168 0.192
Wood 0.127 0.121 0.126 0.264 0.303 0.267 0.261 0.283 0.288 0.279 0.278 0.266 0.264 0.273 0.424 0.370 0.408 0.294 0.269 0.239 0.191 0.168 0.192
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 NO NO
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Machinery
Liquid Fuels 0.982 0.576 0.448 0.367 0.369 0.338 0.244 0.286 0.284 0.164 0.081 0.081 0.041 NO 0.042 0.046 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.042 0.042 0.088 0.014
Diesel oil 0.170 0.170 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.297 NO 0.042 NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.014
RFO 0.812 0.406 0.406 0.325 0.284 0.041 0.244 0.244 0.284 0.122 0.081 0.081 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
LPG NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.046 NO NO 0.046 NO
Solid Fuels 0.079 NO NO 0.083 0.112 NO NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO 0.010 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.004 NO NO 0.001 0.002
Coal NO NO NO 0.057 0.085 NO NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.004 NO NO 0.001 0.002
Coke 0.079 NO NO 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.010 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 3.337 3.334 2.804 0.641 0.270 0.068 0.081 0.077 0.110 0.156 0.129 0.203 0.212 0.311 0.278 0.276 0.339 0.306 0.272 0.205 0.269 0.202 0.266
Wood 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.046 0.128 0.152 0.166 0.199 0.192 0.196 0.130 0.138 0.151 0.136 0.103 0.158 0.163 0.170 0.177 0.121 0.110 0.115 0.127
Other non-specified
Liquid Fuels 1.268 0.899 0.771 0.289 0.291 0.465 0.427 0.218 0.083 0.046 0.046 NO NO NO 0.046 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 NO 0.010 0.010 0.042
LPG NO NO NO NO NO 0.091 0.137 0.091 NO 0.046 0.046 NO NO NO 0.046 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
RFO 1.056 0.771 0.771 0.203 0.162 0.203 0.162 0.041 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil 0.212 0.127 NO NO 0.085 0.085 0.085 NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 NO 0.010 0.010 0.042
Other Kerosene NO NO NO 0.086 0.043 0.086 0.043 0.086 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels NO 0.020 0.010 0.085 0.028 0.044 0.028 NO NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.003
Peat Briquettes NO NO NO NO NO 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Coal NO NO NO 0.085 0.028 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.003
Peat NO 0.020 0.010 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 0.417 0.291 0.296 0.172 0.149 0.101 0.073 0.065 0.076 0.034 0.033 0.068 0.068 0.101 0.101 0.136 0.142 0.165 0.099 0.033 0.068 0.068 0.068
Wood 0.074 0.074 0.074 0.317 0.275 0.391 0.391 0.428 0.302 0.255 0.144 0.155 0.165 0.285 0.412 0.479 0.492 0.451 0.323 0.157 0.115 0.158 0.186
Non-metallic minerals
Liquid Fuels 3.585 1.307 1.301 1.260 3.058 2.563 2.519 2.397 1.912 2.274 1.521 0.692 0.944 1.602 1.414 0.939 1.037 0.468 0.324 0.322 0.882 0.297 0.297
Diesel oil 0.127 0.127 0.042 0.042 0.170 0.085 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.085 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.255 0.212 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.255 0.297 0.297
RFO 3.289 1.137 1.259 1.218 2.842 2.436 2.477 2.355 1.827 2.071 0.731 0.162 NO NO NO 0.041 NO 0.081 0.041 NO NO NO NO
LPG NO NO NO NO 0.046 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Other Kerosene 0.043 0.043 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Other Liquid Fuels 0.126 NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO 0.251 NO NO 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Petroleum Coke NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.198 0.956 1.088 0.429 0.627 0.132 NO 0.165 0.627 NO NO
Waste oils NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.209 0.586 0.234 0.205 0.175 0.117 0.088 0.117 0.029 NO NO NO
Shale oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.118 0.748 0.236 0.118 0.118 0.079 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 0.170 0.085 0.114 0.199 0.171 0.114 0.057 0.095 0.039 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.682 1.127 1.809 1.888 1.285 1.757 2.124 1.914
Coal 0.142 0.085 0.114 0.199 0.171 0.114 0.057 0.085 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.682 1.127 1.809 1.888 1.285 1.757 2.124 1.914
Oil Shale 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.010 0.010 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 5.685 4.474 4.163 1.477 0.750 1.282 1.358 0.640 1.077 0.705 0.810 1.824 2.355 1.884 1.847 2.385 1.881 1.982 1.785 0.944 1.009 0.977 1.281
Wood 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.027 0.020 0.094 0.020 0.020 0.029 0.034 0.024 0.012 0.017 0.102 0.050 0.095 0.135 0.139 0.077 0.067 0.010 0.003 0.023
Other Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.037 0.131 0.245 0.332 0.290 0.313 0.174 0.119 0.090 0.236 0.078 0.945 1.857 2.069
Industrial Wastes NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.037 0.131 0.245 0.332 0.290 0.313 0.174 0.119 0.090 0.081 0.021 0.107 0.424 0.313
Municipal Wastes NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.155 0.057 0.838 1.433 1.756
Transport equipment
Liquid Fuels 0.609 0.284 0.367 0.367 0.245 0.162 0.460 0.288 0.245 0.164 0.083 0.083 0.042 0.083 0.042 0.083 0.083 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.009 0.042
Diesel Oil NO NO 0.042 0.042 0.042 NO 0.297 0.085 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.009 0.042
RFO 0.609 0.284 0.325 0.325 0.203 0.162 0.162 0.203 0.203 0.122 0.041 0.041 NO 0.041 NO 0.041 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.083 NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.002 NO
Coal 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.057 NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.002 NO
Coke NO NO NO 0.026 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 1.318 1.356 0.425 0.335 0.188 0.270 0.346 0.112 0.084 0.067 0.101 0.101 0.169 0.168 0.168 0.168 0.235 0.235 0.134 0.101 0.101 0.101 0.101
Wood NO NO NO NO NO 0.007 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Mining and Quarrying
Liquid Fuels 0.081 0.166 0.166 0.166 0.124 0.166 NO NO 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.127 0.170 0.085 0.085 0.127 0.127
Diesel oil NO 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.042 0.085 NO NO 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.127 0.170 0.085 0.085 0.127 0.127
RFO 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.081 0.081 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.015 NO 0.085 0.057 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.006 NO
Coal NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.085 0.057 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 NO NO NO 0.006 NO
Peat Briquettes NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural gas 0.145 0.180 0.182 0.203 0.084 NO 0.004 0.004 0.006 NO NO 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.068 0.067 0.067 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068
Wood NO NO NO 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 NO NO 0.001
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Wood and wood products
Liquid Fuels 1.343 0.906 0.736 1.264 1.145 1.063 1.065 1.024 1.188 0.983 0.499 0.379 0.255 0.256 0.256 0.214 0.256 0.256 0.299 0.212 0.214 0.212 0.385
Gasoline 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 NO 0.044 NO NO
Diesel Oil NO 0.212 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.127 0.127 0.170 0.127 0.212 0.170 0.170 0.212 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.212 0.255 0.212 0.170 0.212 0.340
RFO 1.299 0.650 0.650 1.177 1.015 0.934 0.893 0.853 0.974 0.812 0.203 0.081 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
LPG NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.046
Other Liquid Fuels NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.084 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Shale Oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.039 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels NO NO NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.010 0.003 0.003
Coal NO NO NO 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 0.001
Peat NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.010 0.002 0.002
Natural gas 0.273 0.269 0.347 0.349 0.412 0.438 0.553 0.513 0.520 0.505 0.506 0.507 0.606 0.673 0.671 0.806 0.806 1.006 1.108 1.011 1.447 1.480 0.943
Wood 0.150 0.142 0.151 0.768 0.807 1.039 1.395 1.402 1.972 1.946 1.577 2.396 1.882 1.718 2.697 3.290 4.336 3.521 4.343 7.249 8.686 10.081 11.540
Textiles and Leather
Liquid Fuels 1.910 1.788 1.666 1.545 1.626 1.100 1.139 1.266 1.672 1.595 0.497 0.296 0.170 0.127 0.127 NO NO NO NO NO 0.004 0.011 0.004
RFO 1.868 1.746 1.624 1.502 1.583 1.015 1.096 1.096 1.502 1.340 0.284 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel Oil 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.042 0.170 0.170 0.255 0.212 0.255 0.170 0.127 0.127 NO NO NO NO NO 0.004 0.011 0.004
Coal 0.171 0.142 0.142 0.256 0.342 0.057 0.085 0.028 0.028 0.028 NO NO NO NO NO 0.026 0.026 NO NO 0.026 NO 0.026 0.009
Natural gas 2.494 2.242 1.711 1.276 1.161 1.080 0.719 0.631 0.563 0.419 0.973 1.146 1.276 1.274 1.244 0.917 0.616 0.578 0.353 0.238 0.303 0.269 0.438
Wood 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.047 0.051 0.037 0.056 0.033 0.027 0.013 0.013 0.020 0.013 0.027 0.027 0.046 0.037 0.016 0.013 0.020 0.013 0.025 0.005
1.A.4 Other Sectors
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Liquid Fuels 29.452 34.043 25.645 21.848 14.536 9.226 9.125 8.174 7.191 7.682 6.968 7.496 7.041 7.945 8.093 7.837 8.514 7.918 7.144 7.786 8.261 8.307 8.309
Solid Fuels 23.526 20.774 16.882 13.965 9.879 5.57 6.028 4.997 3.596 2.884 2.204 3.004 2.391 2.213 2.15 2.065 2.007 2.002 1.814 1.589 2.12 1.895 1.004
Gaseous Fuels 24.144 24.475 11.806 9.396 7.032 7.18 6.825 5.513 5.755 5.951 6.269 7.08 8.118 8.803 9.748 9.795 10.15 11.064 10.989 10.264 11.701 10.239 10.391
Biomass 26.448 31.06 30.873 33.21 33.737 38.643 39.743 37.983 36.257 35.902 33.809 36.562 36.295 38.321 39.574 39.523 38.38 38.388 35.501 39.238 36.414 30.922 33.728
1.A.4.a Commercial/Institutional
Liquid Fuels 15.077 18.184 13.331 11.085 5.835 3.296 3.123 2.784 2.261 2.590 1.795 2.062 1.941 2.266 2.324 1.889 2.347 1.932 1.626 1.595 1.546 1.345 1.816
Motor Gasoline 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.22 NO 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.088 0.044
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Jet Kerosene NO NO NO NO NO 0.086 0.043 0.173 0.043 0.13 NO NO NO NO 0.043 NO 0.043 0.024 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.002 0.004
Other Kerosene 0.043 0.13 0.086 0.173 0.173 0.346 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.086 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Shale Oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.079 NO NO NO NO 0.039 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil 8.116 11.515 7.436 7.478 1.53 1.19 1.147 0.552 0.34 0.935 1.02 1.19 1.317 1.53 1.657 1.275 1.7 1.657 1.36 1.402 1.333 1.202 1.671
RFO 6.577 6.496 5.765 3.207 3.776 1.583 1.665 1.746 1.38 1.218 0.609 0.609 0.325 0.284 0.284 0.365 0.365 0.041 0.081 0.041 0.045 NO NO
LPG 0.046 NO NO 0.182 0.137 0.091 0.137 0.182 0.41 0.091 NO 0.091 0.046 0.182 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.091 0.091 0.099 0.053 0.098
Other Liquid Fuels 0.251 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 NO 0.042 0.084 0.167 0.042 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Waste oils NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.042 0.126 0.058 0.117 0.029 0.058 0.029 0.029 NO 0.008 NO NO
Solid Fuels 15.585 11.93 11.492 8.143 4.623 3.015 3.523 2.895 2.49 2.065 1.596 1.552 1.423 1.347 1.285 1.069 1.141 1.136 0.949 0.75 1.025 0.894 0.375
Coal 14.913 11.412 10.872 7.855 4.297 2.903 3.273 2.732 2.419 2.049 1.565 1.537 1.423 1.337 1.285 1.049 1.101 1.075 0.918 0.734 1.023 0.891 0.341
Peat 0.161 0.161 0.171 0.04 0.171 0.05 0.111 0.07 0.04 NO NO NO NO 0.01 NO 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 NO NO 0.03
Peat Briquettes 0.511 0.356 0.449 0.248 0.155 0.062 0.139 0.093 0.031 0.015 0.031 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 0.001 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.004
Natural Gas 6.101 6.411 5.521 3.635 1.932 2.356 2.319 1.849 2.222 2.589 3.098 3.359 4.117 4.286 4.768 4.754 5.01 5.704 5.701 5.428 5.542 4.983 4.902
Biomass 5.218 5.162 5.282 5.508 5.63 8.282 8.029 7.636 5.615 6.179 4.991 5.497 5.709 5.965 6.894 6.737 6.651 7.242 5.009 4.849 5.102 4.417 5.591
Wood 5.218 5.162 5.282 5.508 5.63 8.282 8.029 7.636 5.615 6.179 4.991 5.497 5.663 5.803 6.652 6.485 6.381 6.966 4.705 4.482 4.679 3.997 5.187
Landfill Gas NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.046 0.162 0.242 0.251 0.259 0.271 0.29 0.323 0.331 0.349 0.347
Straws NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.011 0.005 0.014 0.029 0.058 0.043 0.029
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.014 0.034 0.029 0.029
1.A.4.b Residential
Liquid Fuels 4.908 5.672 5.003 4.011 2.848 1.403 1.272 1.363 1.454 1.406 1.444 1.44 1.44 1.398 1.443 1.577 1.621 1.439 1.393 2.024 2.237 2.237 2.237
Motor Gasoline NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.22 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.264
Other Kerosene 0.086 0.086 0.043 0.043 0.043 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil 1.912 2.762 2.592 1.827 0.892 0.127 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.085 0.127 0.17 0.17 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.127 0.85 1.062 1.062 1.062
RFO 0.041 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
LPG 2.869 2.823 2.368 2.14 1.913 1.275 1.23 1.321 1.412 1.321 1.184 1.139 1.139 1.139 1.184 1.23 1.23 1.047 1.002 0.911 0.911 0.911 0.911
Solid Fuels 6.828 7.874 4.818 5.295 4.555 2.074 2.205 1.887 0.992 0.734 0.522 1.338 0.854 0.787 0.787 0.944 0.813 0.813 0.813 0.813 1.069 0.974 0.577
Coal 6.404 7.542 4.44 5.037 4.411 1.821 1.964 1.708 0.797 0.683 0.512 1.338 0.854 0.787 0.787 0.944 0.813 0.813 0.813 0.813 1.049 0.944 0.577
Peat 0.131 0.131 0.131 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.02 0.03 NO
Peat Briquettes 0.294 0.201 0.248 0.248 0.124 0.232 0.201 0.139 0.155 0.031 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural Gas 3.97 4.238 4.905 5.09 4.361 4.182 3.799 3.093 2.927 2.857 2.665 3.007 3.298 3.667 3.964 4.199 4.333 4.595 4.7 4.313 5.216 4.478 4.481
Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report | 2014
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Biomass 20.01 24.669 24.32 26.396 26.8 30.003 31.349 29.73 29.994 29.058 28.228 30.519 30.078 31.85 32.073 32.234 31.195 30.433 30.168 33.667 30.744 26.144 27.824
Wood 20.01 24.669 24.32 26.396 26.8 30.003 31.349 29.73 29.994 29.058 28.228 30.519 30.078 31.85 32.043 32.174 31.165 30.388 30.108 33.607 30.682 26.084 27.764
Charcoal NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.045 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
Straws NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.002 NO NO
1.A.4.c Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries
Liquid Fuels 9.468 10.187 7.311 6.753 5.853 4.527 4.73 4.026 3.476 3.687 3.729 3.994 3.66 4.282 4.326 4.37 4.546 4.548 4.125 4.167 4.477 4.725 4.255
Motor Gasoline 1.628 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.011 0.017 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 NO NO NO 0.088 0.088
Other Kerosene 0.086 0.086 0.043 0.043 0.043 NO 0.043 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Diesel oil 4.886 7.308 4.886 3.994 3.017 2.549 2.762 2.889 2.719 2.464 2.507 2.592 2.592 2.762 3.017 3.272 3.739 3.994 3.654 3.782 4.037 4.122 3.824
Diesel oil (Fisheries) 1.275 1.275 1.275 1.275 1.402 1.402 1.147 0.765 0.510 0.935 0.935 1.147 0.807 1.232 1.062 0.892 0.722 0.510 0.425 0.340 0.425 0.467 0.297
RFO 1.421 1.34 0.974 1.218 1.259 0.487 0.69 0.284 0.203 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.203 0.162 0.041 NO NO NO 0.003 0.003 NO
LPG 0.046 0.046 NO 0.091 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.046 0.046 0.013 0.046 0.046
Other Liquid Fuels 0.126 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Solid Fuels 1.112 0.97 0.572 0.527 0.7 0.481 0.3 0.215 0.114 0.085 0.085 0.114 0.114 0.079 0.079 0.052 0.052 0.052 0.052 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.052
Coal 1.081 0.939 0.541 0.455 0.655 0.455 0.285 0.199 0.114 0.085 0.085 0.114 0.114 0.079 0.079 0.052 0.052 0.052 0.052 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.052
Peat NO NO NO 0.04 0.03 0.01 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Peat Briquettes 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Natural Gas 14.073 13.825 1.38 0.671 0.739 0.641 0.706 0.572 0.606 0.505 0.506 0.713 0.703 0.85 1.016 0.842 0.807 0.765 0.588 0.522 0.943 0.778 1.007
Biomass 1.22 1.229 1.271 1.306 1.307 0.358 0.365 0.617 0.648 0.665 0.59 0.546 0.508 0.506 0.607 0.552 0.534 0.713 0.324 0.722 0.569 0.361 0.313
Wood 1.22 1.229 1.271 1.306 1.307 0.358 0.365 0.617 0.648 0.665 0.59 0.546 0.508 0.506 0.607 0.552 0.534 0.713 0.324 0.722 0.568 0.361 0.313
Biodiesel NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.001 NO NO
1.A.5 Other
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Aviation Gasoline NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 NO 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.006 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.000 NO NO
Jet Kerosene NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.017 0.017 0.043 0.024 0.043 0.024 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.018 0.021
Diesel Oil NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.075 0.065 0.111 0.077 0.073 0.014 0.021 0.049 0.087 0.080 0.079