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Ogpgj ambtebt mi t`e Eurmpenb eeo (Nbhugoon
nbhugoon) w`eb gbieatej wgt` t`e swgk donjjer
bekntmjeNbhugoogamomgjes arnssus
Onurn @gba`ogii
(^ueebs Ubgversgty Deoinst)
Qupervgsmrs
Jr. J. Evnbs, Jr. J. Tmderts
N prmfeat suppmrtej dy t`e Eurmpenb Ubgmb's GBZETTEH GYN \rmhrnkke knbnhej dy t`e Qpeagno EU \rmhrnkkes Dmjy
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Qtntekebt mi Ampyrgh`t
Z`e ambtebt mi t`e GDGQ wedsgte*(gbaoujgbh, dut bmt ogkgtej tm noo text nbj nrtwmrc t`eregb)
gs prmteatej dy ampyrgh`t. Z`e ampyrgh`t gs mwbej dy GDGQ mr gs mt`erwgse ogaebsej irmk n
t`grj pnrty imr use dy t`e pnrtbers.
Wmu kny vgew mr jmwbomnj nby ambtebt mi t`e Qgte imr prgvnte purpmses, dut ymu nre bmtperkgttej, wgt`mut mur perkgssgmb, tm6
stmre t`e Qgte, mr nby ambtebt mi t`e Qgte, imr nby mt`er purpmse3
prgbt ampges mi t`e Qgte, mr nby ambtebt mi t`e Qgte, imr nby mt`er purpmse3 reprmjuae, ampy mr trnbskgt t`e Qgte, mr nby ambtebt mi t`e Qgte, gb nby wny, imr
nby mt`er purpmse mr gb nby mt`er kejguk.
Noo mt`er rgh`ts w`ga` nre bmt speagiganooy hrnbtej nre reservej.
GDGQ knces nvngondoe mb gts sgtes kntergnos heberntej imr GDGQ dy nanjekga wmrc nt t`eUbgversgty mi Honshmw nbj nt ^ueeb's Ubgversgty Deoinst, gbter nogn.
Extrnats kust bmt de qumtej wgt`mut expogagt perkgssgmb. \erkgssgmb kny de smuh`t dy
usgbh t`e ambtnat imrk www.omuh`s-nhebay.mrh/gdgs/ambtnat/
*Qgte - www.omuh`s-nhebay.mrh/GDGQ
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OG\GJ AMBZEBZ NBNOWQGQ MI Z@E EUTM\ENB EEO (NBHUGOON NBHUGOON)
X@EB GBIEAZEJ XGZ@ Z@E QXGK DONJJET BEKNZMJE
NBHUGOOGAMOMGJEQ ATNQQUQ
Zm gbimrk knbnhekebt strntehges imr t`e Eurmpenb eeo
DNACHTMUBJ
Z`e reprmjuatgve kghrntgmb mi Eurmpenb eeos gs onrheoy jepebjebt mb njequnte eberhy reserves stmrej
ns ogpgj. Inatmrs t`nt kny gbiouebae t`e ogpgj ambtebt nre t`ereimre aruagno tm ubjerstnbj gb mrjer tm
nssgst t`e jeveompkebt mi iuture knbnhekebt strntehges.Nbhugoogamomgjes arnssus, nb gbvnsgve pnrnsgte
bntgve tm t`e Fnpnbese eeo, `ns deamke prmdoekntga gb Bmrt`erb Greonbj wnters sgbae gts igrst jgsamvery
gb Omuh` Erbe gb >770. Z`e strngb mi gbieatgmb wgt`N. arnssuskny resuot gb n behntgve eiieat mb t`e
ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos. Z`gs repmrt ngkej tm nsaertngb t`e extebt mi w`ga`N. arnssus kny `gbjer t`e
reprmjuatgve kghrntgmb mi t`e Eurmpenb eeo dy nssessgbh amrreontgmbs detweeb ogpgj ambtebt nbj
pnrnsgtga gbieatgmb detweeb twm eeo igs`ery sgtes gb Bmrt`erb Greonbj. Z`gs gbimrkntgmb kny de usej tm
gjebtgiy cey nrens imr t`e jeveompkebt mi knbnhekebt strntehges imr t`e Eurmpenb eeo.
KNGB IGBJGBHQ
Z`e ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos wns pmsgtgveoy gbiouebaej dy oebht` nbj knss, gbjgantgbh t`nt onrher,
`envger eeos `nj n `gh`er ogpgj ambtebt t`nt sknooer eeos.
Eeos wgt` n `gh` gbieatgmb gbtebsgty miN. arnssus `nj n sghbgiganbtoy omwer ogpgj ambtebt gb
Omuh` Benh` dut bmt gb Omuh` Erbe.
N. arnssuskny resuot gb n jearense gb ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos jue tmN. nbhugoon`nvgbh tm exert
kmre eberhy tm iubatgmb bmrknooy mr N. arnssusutgogzes ogpgj irmk N. nbhugoonimr t`egr mwb
hngb.
N. arnssushebernooy jm bmt cgoo t`egr `mst ns gt gs kmre debeigagno imr t`e `mst tm rekngb nogve.
BMB-ZEA@BGANO QUKKNTW
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NDQZTNAZ
Z`e swgk donjjer bekntmje Nbhugoogamomgjes arnssus, nb gbvnsgve pnrnsgte ebjekga tm t`e
Fnpnbese eeo (Nbhugoon fnpmbgan) `ns deamke n sergmus prmdoek gbN. nbhugoonigs`erges sgbae gts igrstnrrgvno tm Eurmpe gb Herknby nbj Gtnoy gb >704. N. arnssus anuses n kuotgtuje mi prmdoeks tm N.
nbhugoonsua` ns gbtestgbno oesgmbs, noterntgmb tm t`e swgk donjjer wnoo nbj jgsruptgbh mt`er mrhnbs gb
t`e prmaess. Z`e strngb mi `mstgbh n snbhugvmrmus pnrnsgte kny resuot gb jepoetgmb mi eberhy reserves
sua` ns houamse nbj ogpgjs.
Ogpgj ambtebt nbnoysgs wns perimrkej mb ieknoe sgover eeos irmk twm sgtes gb Bmrt`erb Greonbj
(Omuh` Benh` nbj Omuh` Erbe) nbj amkpnrej nhngbst stnbjnrj kmrp`mketrgas tm nsaertngb t`e eiieats
N. arnssus kny gbjuae mb N. nbhugoon prgmr tm kghrntgmb. Z`e ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos wns pmsgtgveoy
gbiouebaej dy dmjy oebht` nbj knss ns onrher, `envger eeos `nj n `gh`er ogpgj ambtebt t`nb sknooer eeos.Tesuots s`mwej t`nt t`e jgiierebaes gb ogpgj ambtebt gb Omuh` Benh` nbj Omuh` Erbe amuoj de
nttrgdutej tm jgiierebaes gb oebht` detweeb t`e twm sgtes. Z`gs gbjgantes t`nt dmjy oebht` kny de n cey
inatmr gb gbiouebagbh t`e eiieat t`nt pnrnsgtes `nve mb ogpgj. Eeos wgt` n `gh`er gbieatgmb gbtebsgty miN.
arnssuswere imubj tm `nve n omwer ogpgj ambtebt3 `mwever t`gs resuot wns mboy sghbgiganbt gb Omuh`
Benh`. Z`e jgiierebaes seeb detweeb t`e twm sgtes kny de expongbej dy jgiierebaes gb igs`
amkkubgtges nbj jgstrgdutgmb mi t`e gbterkejgnte nbj pnrntebga `msts gb t`e twm sgtes. Z`muh` resuots
nre gbjgantgve mi N. arnssus `nvgbh nb eiieat mb t`e ogpgj ambtebt mi N. nbhugoon, omw snkpoe sgzes
kenbs gt rekngbs ubaertngb.
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ZNDOE MI AMBZEBZQ
> GBZTMJUAZGMB """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #>.> UC eeo igs`erges """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #
>.4 Bmrt`erb Greonbj eeo igs`erges """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #
>.4.> Omuh` Benh` eeo igs`ery$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %
>.4.4 Omuh` Erbe eeo igs`ery$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &
>.1 Qtntus mi t`e Eurmpenb eeo """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" $
>.1.> Mverigs`gbh$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ '
>.1.4 Aogknte a`nbhe$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ '
>.1.1 \nrnsgtga gbieatgmbs nbj jgsense$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (
>.: Nbhugoogamomgjes arnssus """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %
>.5 Nbhugoon nbhugoonogie `gstmry nbj spnwbgbh kghrntgmbs""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &
>.5.> Qpnwbgbh kghrntgmb$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ )
>.5.4 Eberhetga reserves imr kghrntgmb$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ *
4 NGKQ NBJ MDFEAZGYEQ""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" '
1 KNZETGNOQ NBJ KEZ@MJQ""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" (
1.> A`mgae mi stujy eeos""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" (
1.4 \rmaessgbh mi eeos """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )
1.1 Ogpgj ambtebt nbnoysgs"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )
1.:
Qtntgstgano nbnoysgs""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #*
: TEQUOZQ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #*
:.> Qtntus mi eeos"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #*
:.4 Amkpnrgsmb detweeb ogpgj nbj stnbjnrj kmrp`mketrgas6 jgiierebaes mi oebht`,
knss nbj ambjgtgmb detweeb sgtes""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ##
:.1 Amkpnrgsmb detweeb ogpgj ambtebt nbjN. arnssus6 pnrnsgtga eiieat mb ogpgj
ambtebt detweeb sgtes"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ##
5 JGQAUQQGMB""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #%
5.> \nrnsgtes nbj igs`erges""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #%
5.4 Qtnbjnrj kmrp`mketrgas6 reontgmbs`gp wgt` ogpgj ambtebt nbj eiieat wgt` N.arnssus gbieatgmb""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #%
5.1 Gbieatgmb wgt` N. arnssus nbj eiieat mb ogpgj ambtebt"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #&
5.: Gbieatgmb wgt` N. arnssus detweeb stujy sgtes""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #'
5.5 Ambaousgmbs"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #(
9 TEIETEBAEQ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #)
8 AM\WTGH@Z"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" $&
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OGQZ MI IGHUTEQ NBJ ZNDOEQ
\nhe bukder
Igh. >. Ogie ayaoe miN. nbhugoon
Igh. 4. Qgtes mi stujy eeos
Zndoe >. Z`e jgstrgdutgmb miN. arnssusgbieatgmbs gb Omuh` Benh` nbj
Omuh` Erbe nbj ogpgj ambtebt miN. nbhugoon
Igh. 1n. \omt mi t`e ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nhngbst dmjy
oebht` (omh)
Igh. 1d. \omt mi t`e ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nhngbst dmjy
knss (omh)
Igh. 1a. \omt mi t`e ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nhngbst ambjgtgmb
mi eeo
Igh. :n. Bukder mi gbjgvgjunoN. arnssusper eeo gb Omuh` Benh` nbjOmuh` Erbe
Igh. :d. Ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) gb Omuh` Benh` nbj
Omuh` Erbe
Igh. 5n. Ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nbj t`e bukder mi
N. arnssus
Igh. 5d. Ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nbj t`e bukder mi
N. arnssusns gbieatgmb gbtebsgty
9
7
>4
>4
>4
>1
>1
>:
>:
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> GBZTMJUAZGMB
>.> UC eeo igs`erges
Z`e Eurmpenb eeo (Nbhugoon nbhugoon O.) maaurs wgjeoy t`rmuh`mut rgvers, onces nbj estunrges
gb t`e UC. Qeverno jgiierebt types mi igs`ery exgst imr t`gs speages ns vnrgmus ogie stnhes nre expomgtej6
(>) t`e eover mr honss eeo igs`ery, w`ga` anptures ymubh eeos ns t`ey returb tm rgvers. Z`e Qeverb
estunry detweeb Ebhonbj nbj Xnoes dmnsts t`gs amkkeragno igs`ery, `mwever honss eeo igs`gbh gs
gooehno gb Bmrt`erb Greonbj3 (4) yeoomw eeo igs`erges exgst narmss t`e UC, imr exnkpoe t`e Z`nkes3 (1)
sgover eeo igs`erges, imr exnkpoe Omuh` Benh` gb Bmrt`erb Greonbj (Ebvgrmbkebt Nhebay 4).
>.4 Bmrt`erb Greonbj eeo igs`erges
>.4.> Omuh` Benh` eeo igs`ery
Omuh` Benh` sustngbs t`e onrhest amkkeragno wgoj eeo igs`ery rekngbgbh gb Eurmpe w`ga` gs
knbnhej dy t`e Omuh` Benh` Igs`erkebs Am-mperntgve Qmagety (OBIAQ), tm w`mk noo igs`gbh rgh`ts
mi eeos gb Omuh` Benh` deombh (Xnocer et no4>). Z`e OBIAQ `ns deeb gb ambtrmo mi t`e eeo igs`ery
sgbae t`e >79788). Z`e eover arns` gb t`e >70
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&
Imr dmt` igs`erges, restrgatgmbs put gb ponae sua` ns anta` qumtns, dmnt sgze restrgatgmbs, ogaebsgbh
sa`ekes, kgbgkuk eeo onbjgbh sgzes nbj natgve igs`gbh sensmbs perkgt sustngbndoe knbnhekebt
(JEITN 4.4.4 Omuh` Erbe eeo igs`ery
Z`e Erbe Eeo eb`nbaekebt prmhrnkke wns n knfmr Eurmpenb iubjej armss-dmrjer
prmhrnkke, set up gb >778 dy t`e Bmrt`erb Tehgmbno Igs`erges Dmnrj gb nb nttekpt tm eb`nbae
rearugtkebt mi eeo tm t`e pmpuontgmb, noomwgbh iurt`er expomgtntgmb nbj tm jeveomp n knbnhekebt ponb
imr t`e iuture mi t`e igs`ery (Knhugre nbj Hgdsmb 475777).
>.1 Qtntus mi t`e Eurmpenb eeo
Z`e stntus miN. nbhugoon`ns deeb ubjer gbtebse sarutgby jurgbh t`e onst 1< yenrs irmk dmt`
igs`erkeb nbj sagebtgsts (Kmrgnrty nbj Jeccer >778) jue tm jeaogbgbh igs`ery ygeojs nbj nwnrebess mi
pmmr `enot` stntus. Gt `ns deeb nppnrebt t`rmuh`mut Eurmpe sgbae t`e >70
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'
(Xgrt` nbj Derbnt`a`ez 4
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(
INM onbjgbhs nbj honss eeo anta`es dmt` s`mw gbternbbuno iouatuntgmbs ambsgstebt wgt` t`e
Bmrt` Ntonbtga Msagoontgmb (BNM) (Cettoe et no4
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+
>.: Nbhugoogamomgjes arnssus
N. arnssus gs n pnrnsgtga swgk donjjer bekntmje ebjekga tm t`e Fnpnbese eeo,N. fnpmbgan, gb
Enst Nsgn (Kmrnvea nbj Znrnsa`ewscg >700, Ceooy et no4
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)
>.5 Nbhugoon nbhugoonogie `gstmry nbj spnwbgbh kghrntgmbs
N. nbhugoon`nve nb gbtrghugbh ogie `gstmry gb t`nt t`ey `nve dmt` n ambtgbebtno nbj maenbga
p`nse (Igh. >), sudfeatgbh t`ek tm n vnrgety mi perturdntgmbs (Jurgiet no4
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*
ayaoe (\gerrmb et no4788).
>.5.4 Eberhetga reserves imr kghrntgmb
Z`e eiigagebay wgt` w`ga` eeos naaukuonte eberhy reserves imr kghrntgmb gs vgtno ns mut mi t`e
vnrgmus eeo speages,N. nbhugoontrnveos t`e inrt`est tm rena` spnwbgbh hrmubjs (5
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,
jeveompkebt mi iuture knbnhekebt strntehges. Z`e aurrebt onac mi jntn rehnrjgbh t`e gbiouebae miN.
arnssusmb t`e ogpgj ambtebt miN. nbhugoonoenves n hnp gb mur cbmwoejhe. Z`e extebt mi w`ga` t`ese
pnrnsgtes kny gkpnat upmb t`e strntehges w`ga N. nbhugoonreoges imr suaaessiuo ambtgbuntgmb mi t`egr
ogie ayaoe gs t`ereimre pmmroy ubjerstmmj.
Zm t`gs ngk, t`e presebt stujy exnkgbej t`e ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos gbieatej wgt N. arnssusnbj
amkpnre t`gs wgt` stnbjnrj kmrp`mketrgas sua` ns oebht` nbj knss tm nsaertngb t`e eiieatsN. arnssus
kny gbjuae mbN. nbhugoonprgmr tm kghrntgmb. Z`gs gbimrkntgmb wgoo `eop tm nsaertngb t`e extebt mi
w`ga`N. arnssuskny `gbjer t`e spnwbgbh miN. nbhugoon ns ogpgj ambtebt gs n vgtno amkpmbebt tm t`e
suaaessiuo amkpoetgmb mi t`egr reprmjuatgve kghrntgmb (\gerrmb et no4 ieknoe sgover eeos were amooeatej dy igs`erkeb irmk Omuh` Benh`, nbj 1 (Igh. 4). Z`ese sgtes were a`mseb ns Omuh`
Benh` gs t`e onrhest rekngbgbh amkkeragno wgoj eeo igs`ery gb Eurmpe, `ebae t`mrmuh` ubjerstnbjgbhmi pnrnsgte-`mst reontgmbs`gps gs gkpmrtnbt ns weoo ns cbmwoejhe ns tm t`e qunogty mi t`e eeos gb t`gs
igs`ery. Ns n prevgmusoy natgve eeo igs`ery, Omuh` Erbe wns a`mseb ns n amkpnrntgve sgte. Dmt` sgtes
were cbmwb tm ambtngbN. arnssus.Z`e amooeatgmb pergmj wns tgkej sm t`nt ieknoe eeos wmuoj de
anuh`t gb t`egr sgover stnhe deimre t`ey dehnb t`egr spnwbgbh kghrntgmb3 ogternture `ns s`mwb t`nt t`ere
nppenrs tm de bm sensmbnogty miN. arnssus gbN. nbhugoon (Z`mkns nbj Mooevger >774n, Ceooy et no
4
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Igh. 4 Qgtes mi stujy eeos3 Omuh` Benh` `gh`ogh`tej gb jns`ej ogbe, upper nbj omwer Omuh`
Erbe `gh`ogh`tej gb ambtgbumus ogbe. Tei6 Hmmhoe knps 44
1.4 \rmaessgbh mi eeos
Eeos were amooeatej nbj stmrej nt ->0mA. \rgmr tm prmaessgbh eeos were jeirmstej nt rmmktekpernture imr 4: `murs. Oebht` (kk), wegh`t (h) nbj sex were reamrjej. Nb gbagsgmb knje nombh
t`e ubjersgje tmwnrjs t`e peatmrno igb noomwej naaess tm t`e swgk donjjer, nt w`ga` pmgbt t`e bukder
miN. arnssuswere nssessej knarmsampganooy. N seatgmb mi kusaoe tgssue pmstergmr tm t`e nbus wns
rekmvej irmk t`e oeit sgje mi t`e eeo nbj stmrej gb 50mA.
1.1 Ogpgj ambtebt nbnoysgs
Kusaoe snkpoes were oeit tm jry nt 55MA imr >: jnys gb ondeooej honss petrg jgs`es (J6
7.:h mi
kusaoe wns imojej gbtm igoter pnper nbj stnpoej tmhet`er. \geaes mi ponstga were nosm stnpoej tm t`e
igoter pnper tm jgiierebtgnte detweeb snkpoes. Z`e wegh`t mi t`e snkpoe gb pnper wns reamrjej nbj
t`ree snkpoes were igttej gbtm mbe extrnatmr. Z`e ogpgj ambtebt nbnoysgs prmaejure wns njnptej irmk
ket`mjs ns jesargdej dy Imoa` et no(>758).
4 (v/v) a`omrmimrk-ket`nbmo imr `mkmhebgzgbh t`e tgssue wns kensurej gbtm
rmubj dencers nbj ponaej mbtm n `enter. Xnter rnb ambtgbumusoy t`rmuh` t`e extrnatmrs imr 9 `murs tm
sepnrnte t`e ogpgjs irmk bmb-ogpgj sudstnbaes. Qnkpoes were t`eb rekmvej nbj jrgej nt 55MA
mverbgh`t tm rekmve nby rekngbgbh kmgsture. Qnkpoes were t`eb ponaej gb n jessgantmr imr nb `mur tm
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:.4 Amkpnrgsmb detweeb ogpgj nbj stnbjnrj kmrp`mketrgas6 jgiierebaes mi oebht`,
knss nbj ambjgtgmb detweeb sgtes
Z`e kenb ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos ns n peraebtnhe mi dmjy knss wns `gh`er gb Omuh` Erbe (Zndoe
>). N pmsgtgve ogbenr reontgmbs`gp detweeb t`e ogpgj ambtebt nbj omh-trnbsimrkej jntn mi eeo dmjy
oebht` (Omuh` Benh` T4 ; >83 Omuh` Erbe T4 ;
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Igh 1 \omt mi t`e ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi
dmjy knss) nhngbst dmjy oebht` (omh) (Igh.
1n), dmjy knss (omh) (Igh. 1d) nbj ambjgtgmb
mi eeo (Igh. 1a) imr Omuh` Benh` (doue) nbj
Omuh` Erbe (hreeb). Tehressgmb ogbes s`mwt`e T4ogbenr vnoue imr dmt` sgtes.
Igh. 1n
Igh. 1d
Igh. 1a
7/28/2019 Laura Hinchliff: "The effect of infection with the swim bladder parasite, Anguillicola crassus, on the lipid content of
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Igh. : Bukder mi gbjgvgjuno N. arnssus per eeo (Igh. :n) nbj ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy
knss) (Igh. :d) gb Omuh` Benh` nbj Omuh` Erbe. Mutogers nre gbjgantej dyMmr *
Igh. :n
Igh. :d
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Igh. 5 Ogpgj ambtebt (ns n % mi dmjy knss) nbj t`e reontgmbs`gp detweeb t`e bukder mi N.
arnssus (Igh.5n) nbj t`e bukder mi N. arnssus ns gbieatgmb gbtebsgty (Igh. 5d)
Igh. 5n
Igh. 5d
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5 JGQAUQQGMB
5.> \nrnsgtes nbj igs`erges
Z`e behntgve eiieats mi pnrnsgtgsk gb amkkeragnooy gkpmrtnbt igs`erges nre weoo jmaukebtej
t`rmuh`mut t`e ogternture, imr exnkpoe sen ogae (Oepemp`t`egrus snokmbgsnbj Anoghus aoekebsg!)
pnrnsgtgzgbh pgbc snokmb (Mbamr`yba`us hmrdusa`n) nbj a`uk snokmb (Mbamr`yba`us cetn), nbj
degbh anpndoe mi ogkgtgbh ambservntgmb eiimrts (Crcm"ec et no4
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detweeb ogpgj ambtebt nbj t`e bukder miN. arnssusgb Omuh` Benh` dut bmt gb Omuh` Erbe. Kenb
jntn s`mws t`nt gb Omuh` Benh`, mb nvernhe eeos were onrher, `envger nbj `nj `gh`er gbieatgmb oeveos
miN. arnssus,yet t`e kenb ogpgj ambtebt wns omwer.
Z`mkns nbj Mooevger (>774d) imubj n pmsgtgve amrreontgmb detweeb eeo dmjy oebht` nbj t`e
bukder miN. arnssuspresebt, sgkgonr tm mur igbjgbhs gb Omuh` Benh`. \mtebtgnooy, t`gs kny gkpnat mb
rearugtkebt ns resenra` `ns s`mwb t`ntN. nbhugoonrena` n argtgano oebht`, nt w`ga` pmgbt t`ey dehgb
t`egr reprmjuatgve kghrntgmb. Z`gs argtgano oebht` gs jgiierebt detweeb knoes nbj ieknoes, wgt` ieknoe
eeos hebernooy hrmwgbh inster t`nb knoes (\mmoe nbj Teybmojs >779). Dmjy oebht` `ns nosm deeb
s`mwb tm gbiouebae t`e up-strenk kghrntgmb mi yeoomw eeos. Onrher eeos were anpndoe mi kghrntgbh
t`rmuh`mut t`e sensmbs rehnrjoess mi tekpernture, dut t`e knfmrgty mi sknooer eeos were restrgatej tm n
s`mrter kghrntgmb pergmj (Kmrgnrty >709).
Ambverseoy, Cnbhur et no(4779) w`m imubj bm reontgmbs`gp detweeb gbieatgmb gbtebsgty nbj egt`er t`e oebht` mr
wegh`t mi eeos gb t`e Tgver T`gbe, Herknby. Dnru"nbj \rmces (>779) imubj t`ntN. arnssusgbieatgmb
gbsghbgiganbtoy niieatej t`e wegh`t miN. nbhugoon.
5.1 Gbieatgmb wgt` N. arnssus nbj eiieat mb ogpgj ambtebt
Z`e aurrebt stujy imubj nb gbarense gb t`e bukder mi pnrnsgtes presebt `nj n behntgve eiieat
mb ogpgj ambtebt (Igh. 5n). @mwever, gbieatgmb gbtebsgty sghbgiganbtoy niieatej t`e ogpgj ambtebt gb
Omuh` Benh` mboy3 t`gs gs jgsaussej gb hrenter jetngo gb seatgmb 5.:. Z`e behntgve eiieat miN. arnssus
mb ogpgj ambtebt kny de expongbej dyN. arnssusgkpngrgbh bmrkno swgk donjjer iubatgmbgbh gb eeos,
w`ga` `ns deeb s`mwb tm hrentoy rejuae t`egr swgkkgbh perimrknbae (\nostrnet no4
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Z`e ndmve rensmbgbh reioeats amkkmb t`muh`t t`ntN. arnssuskny resuot gb n jearense gb ogpgj
ambtebt jue tm inatmrs w`ga` resuots gbN. nbhugoon `nvgbh tm exert kmre eberhy tm iubatgmb bmrknooy
pre-kghrntgmb. @mwever, gt gs wgjesprenj cbmwoejhe t`nt pnrnsgtes nre anpndoe mi renoomantgbh
resmuraes, sua` ns ogpgjs, irmk t`e `mst imr t`egr mwb beejs (\ongstmwet no477>) ns gt gs kmre debeigagno imr t`egr `mst tm rekngb
nogve tm suppoyN. arnssuswgt` immj nbj `ndgtnt.
N. arnssusgs cbmwb tm gbieat knby ogie stnhes miN. nbhugoon3 Bgket` et no(4770 (Evnbs nbj Kntt`ews >777), dut t`ere
wns bm reamrj miN. arnssuspresebae gb Omuh` Benh` ubtgo 4
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sghbgiganbt eiieat mb t`e ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos gb Omuh` Benh` dut bmt gb Omuh` Erbe. Qgkgonroy,
Cnbhur et no(4774 >770, t`nb >777- 4
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(Hmoomac et no4), Z`e Eurmpenb eeo qunogty
jntndnse6 tmwnrjs n pnb-Eurmpenb kmbgtmrgbh mi eeo qunogty,Ebvgrmbkebtno Kmbgtmrgbh nbj
Nssesskebt,>016>-:, 481-40:
Devnaqun, J., Keog, \., Argveoog, N. F., Hnttm, K. nbj Je Oem, H. N. (4:7), Z`e jeaogbe mi t`e Eurmpenb eeoNbhugoon
nbhugoon6 qunbtgiygbh nbj knbnhgbh esanpekebt tm suppmrt ambservntgmb,Fmurbno mi Igs`
Dgmomhy,806>, 41-10
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Dmtgus, G. nbj Dmtgus, F. (>70, >-40
Dmtgus, G. nbj Dmtgus, F. (>705), Ogpgj nbj prmtegb ambtebt gbNbhugoon nbhugoonjurgbh hrmwt` nbj
stnrvntgmb,Jnbn, :, >->8
Dmb`mkkenu, Q., A`nssmt, E. \onbque, D., Tgvmt, E., Cbnp, N. @. nbj oe \npe, M. (477795), \rejntgmb, Dmjy sgze nbj Amkpmsgtgmb mi \onbctmb,Qagebae,
>577:n), Gs t`ere n
rmoe mi maenb ebvgrmbkebt gb Nkerganb nbj Eurmpenb eeo jeaogbe=,Igs`erges Maenbmhrnp`y,
161, >78-477:d), X`y Gs Tearugtkebt mi t`e Nkerganb Eeo,Nbhugoon rmstrntn, Jeaogbgbh gb t`e Qt.
Onwrebae Tgver nbj Huoi=, Anbnjgnb Fmurbno mi Igs`erges nbj Nquntga Qagebaes,5>64, :87-
:00
A`nrrger, I., Knzeoo, Y., Anrnhueoo, F-K., Ndjnoon`, W., oe Hurub, O. O., Oehnuot, N. nbj Oniingooe, \.
(44), Esanpekebt mi sgover-p`nse Eurmpenb eeos,Nbhugoon nbhugoon, jeterkgbej irmk
igs`gbh natgvgtges gb n Kejgterrnbenb onhmmb (Mr, Irnbae),GAEQ Fmurbno mi Knrgbe Qagebae,
976>, 1709), Eamomhgano inatmrs gbiouebagbh t`e amkpmsgtgmb mi t`epnrnsgte inubn mi t`e Eurmpenb eeo,Nbhugoon nbhugoon(O.), gb Greonbj, Fmurbno mi Igs`
Dgmomhy,4064, 47
Asndn, H. A., Onbh, K. nbj Qnoyg, H. (>771), Z`e bekntmjeNbhugoogamon-arnssus(Bekntmjn,
Nbhugoogamogjne), nbj gts rmoe gb t`e jent` mi eeos gb t`e Once Dnontmb jurgbh >77>,Knhynr
Noontmrvmsmc Onpfn,:06>, >>-4>
Je A`nroermy, J., Hrgsez, O., Z`mkns, C., Deopngre, A. nbj Mooevger, I. \. (>77
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&%
JEITN (4-:>
Jehnbg, H., @n`nku, @. nbj Oevnbmb, J. (>709), Z`e reontgmbs`gp mi eeoNbhugoonnbhugoon(O.) dmjy
sgze, ogpgj, prmtegb, houamse, ns`, kmgsture amkpmsgtgmb nbj ebzyke natgvgty (nojmonse),
Amkpnrntgve Dgma`ekgstry nbj \`ysgmomhy \nrt N6 \`ysgmomhy, 0:6:, 817-8:5
Jeccer, X., Ansseoknb, F. K., Angrbs, J. C., Znucnkmtm, C., Feooyknb, J. nbj Ogacers, @. (4
7/28/2019 Laura Hinchliff: "The effect of infection with the swim bladder parasite, Anguillicola crassus, on the lipid content of
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&&
Jrnaubauomgjen) nbj sudsequebt kghrntgmb mi onrvne,Jgsenses mi Nquntga Mrhnbgsks, 8, 78-
>
@nebeb, M. O. K, Oe`knbb, F., Ebheoskn, K. W., Qtrebderh, I-F., Tmmzebdurh, G., Cercmii, Q.,
Dreteoer, FCoegb (45-4:
@mpcgrc, H., Xgoos, T. D. @. nbj Zmwbsebj, \. T. (>785), Qensmbno vnrgntgmbs gb ogpgj ambtebt mi eeos
(Nbhugoon nustrnogs),Nustrnognb Fmurbno mi Knrgbe nbj Ires`wnter Tesenra`,4964, 48>-481
GAEQ (4
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Cbgh`ts, D. (477>), Qwgkdonjjer bekntmjes (Nbhugoogamonspp.) nbj hgoo kmbmhebenbs
(\seujmjnatyomhyrusspp.) pnrnsgtga mb t`e Eurmpenb eeo (Nbhugoon nbhugoon),Fmurbno ju
Ambsego6 GAEQ Fmurbno mi Knrgbe Qagebae, :8, 17>-170
Cmmps, @. nbj @nrtknbb, I. (>707),Nbhugoogamon-gbiestntgmbs gb Herknby nbj gb Herknb eeo gkpmrts,
Fmurbno mi Nppogej Ga`t`ymomhy,56>, :>-:5
Cbmpi, C., Knjrgoes @eok, N., Ouagus, T., Doegss, X. nbj Znrnsa`ewscg, @. (4>->1>9
Cbmpi, C. nbj Kn`bce, K. (4-:79
Crcm"ec, K. C., Oewgs, K. N. nbj Ymope, F. \. (4777), @mw ebvgrmbkebtno stress niieats t`e gkpnats mi pnrnsgtes,
Ogkbmomhy nbj Maenbmhrnp`y, ::61, 745-75>
Onrssmb, \., @nkrgb, Q. nbj Mcon, O. (>77781), Ketndmoga eiieats mi stnrvntgmb gb t`e eeo,Nbhugoon nbhugoonO.,
Amkpnrntgve Dgma`ekgstry nbj \`ysgmomhy \nrt N6 \`ysgmomhy,::64, 198-18:
Oeiedvre, I., Ambtmurbet, \. nbj Argveoog, N. F. (4), Nb evnountgmb mi gbjgaes
mi hrmss pnt`momhy nssmagntej wgt` t`e bekntmjeNbhugoogamgjes arnssusgb eeos,Fmurbno mi
Igs` Jgsenses,1:6>, 1>-:5Oeiedvre, I., Kmubngx, D., \mgznt, H. nbj Argveoog, N. F. (464, 485-1
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Kmobr, C., Qzceoy, As. nbj Dnscn, I. (>77>), Knss kmrtnogty mi eeo gb Once Dnontmb jue tm
Nbhugoogamon arnssus gbieatgmb, Duooetgb mi Eurmpenb Nssmagntgmb mi Igs` \nt`momhgsts, >>69,
4>>
Kmobr, C. (>771), Eiieat mi jearensej mxyheb ambtebt mb eeos (Nbhugoon nbhugoon) gbieatej dy
Nbhugoogamon arnssus(Bekntmjn6 Jrnaubauomgjen,Natn Yetergbnrgn @ubhnrgan,:>61-:, 1:7-
19700) Tevgsgmb mi t`e hebusNbhugoogamon Wnknhutg >715
(Bekntmjn6 Nbhugoogamogjne) mi t`e swgkdonjjer mi eeos, gbaoujgbh jesargptgmbs mi twm bew
speages,N. bmvnezeonbjgne sp. b. nbjN. pnperbng sp.b.,Imogn \nrnsgtmomhgan,15,>45->59
Kmrgnrty, A. (>709), Eiieats mi t`e swgkdonjjer pnrnsgteNbhugoogamon arnssusmb t`e kghrntgmb mi
Eurmpenb sgover eeosNbhugoon nbhugoongb t`e Dnotga Qen, Igs`erges Tesenra`, :6>, :1-50
Kmrgnrty, A. (>779), Z`e Eurmpenb eeo igs`ery gb >771 nbj >77:,Grgs` Igs`erges Duooetgb,>:, Knrgbe
Gbstgtute >779
Kmrgnrty, A. nbj Jeccer, X. (>778), Knbnhekebt mi t`e Eurmpenb Eeo, Grgs` Igs`erges Duooetgb3 >5,
Knrgbe Gbstgtute >778
Kmrgnrty, A. (>777), Qtrntehy imr t`e jeveompkebt mi t`e eeo igs`ery gb Greonbj,Grgs` Igs`erges
Duooetgb, >7, Knrgbe Gbstgtute >777
Kbjeroe, K., Qures, D. nbj Znrnsa`ewscg, @. (4-447
\ejerseb, K. G. nbj Jgepergbc, A. (4169, >47>->1709),Nbhugooamon, n pnrnsgtga bekntmje mi t`e swgk donjjer sprenjgbh
nkmbh eeo pmpuontgmbs gb Eurmpe,Jgsenses mi Nquntga Mrhnbgsks, >, 447-41
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&+
\gerrmb, I., Dnujrgkmbt, K., Dmssy, N., Dmurjgbenuj, F-\., Drt`es, J., Eoge, \. nbj Knssndunu, F-A.
(4
\ongstmw, Q. F., Zrmussnrj, F-\. nbj Azgooy, I. (46:, 1:9-15>
\mmoe, X. T. nbj Teybmojs, F. J. (>779), Hrmwt` rnte nbj nhe nt kghrntgmb miNbhugoon nbhugoon,
Fmurbno mi Igs` Dgmomhy, :06:, 911-9:4
\muogb, T. (4761, 141-11778), Omw int ambtebts gb ieknoe sgover eeos6 gbjgantgmbs mi,
gbsuiigagebt eberhetga stmres imr kghrntgmb nbj hmbnjno jeveompkebt,Fmurbno mi Igs` Dgmomhy,
5788), Z`e Eeo. Dgmomhy nbj Knbnhekebt mi Nbhugoogj Eeos,Ombjmb6 A`npknb nbj
@noo Otj, >-:1:Z`mkns, D. nbj Mooevger, I.\. (>774n), \nrntebga `msts mi t`e swgkdonjjer bekntmjeNbhugoogamon
arnssus,Jgsenses mi Nquntga Mrhnbgsks, >1, >95->8:
Z`mkns, C. nbj Mooevger, I.\. (>774d), \mpuontgmb dgmomhy miNbhugoogamon arnssusgb t`e igbno `mst
Nbhugoon nbhugoon, Jgsenses mi Nquntga Mrhnbgsks, >:, >91->877778-
11