Laurens CPW and Public... · 2018-03-14 · 3/14/2018 8 Laurens Commission of Public Works...

3/14/2018

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Laurens Commission of Public Works

Because LCPW does not know exactly which of this information you will utilize nor for what purpose, LCPW

makes no representation that these data will be reliable for your purposes, and because LCPW cannot be assured

or assure you that such information was correctly interpreted, received, transmitted, or transcribed, LCPW makes

no representation that these data are accurate.

Some of the statements in this presentation are forward-looking and do not directly or exclusively relate to

historical facts. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “may,” “might,”

“will,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “goal,” “objective,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,”

“believe,” “potential,” “target,” “forecast,” “seek,” “schedule,” “assume,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “in service date,” and

other words and terms of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements involve estimates, expectations,

projections, goals, forecasts, assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those

discussed. You should not rely upon statements in this presentation in making decisions.

Further, financial statements in this presentation have not been audited. You should refer to LCPW’s Web site to

obtain audited financial statements.

Moreover, this presentation was developed and is presented by a non-legal spokesperson. The statements made

herein should not be relied upon as official interpretations of LCPW’s contracts, bond resolution, supplemental

bond resolutions, or bylaws, which documents speak for themselves.

The opinions expressed by this presentation and the spokesperson do not necessarily reflect the official positions

of LCPW, its Board of Commissioners, or staff.

Forward-Looking Statements


• Moment For Safety

• Solar Energy

• Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

• Water Heating

• Photovoltaic (PV)

• Photovoltaic Solar Panels

• Large Scale Solar Generation

• Community & Shared Solar

• Personal Solar

• Customer Owned Generation

• Future Energy Sources

Topics For Discussion

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• Backing Safety Facts

• 25% of vehicle accidents can be blamed on poor

backing techniques.

• Backing accidents cause 500 deaths and 15,000

injuries per year.

• The use of safe vehicle backing tips by everyone can

help prevent accidents.

Moment For Safety

http://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/videoresource/fsvehiclebackin.pdf


• Backing Safety

• Get to know your vehicle’s blind spots.

• In a medium sized truck, blind spots can extend up to

16 feet in front and 160 feet behind. Mirrors and

cameras never give the whole picture while backing.

Moment For Safety



• Backing Safety

• Think in advance.

• Drivers should not put themselves in unnecessary

backing situations.

Moment For Safety


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• Backing Safety

• Park defensively.

• Drivers should choose easy exit parking spaces that

do not crowd nearby vehicles and park their vehicle in

the center of the parking space.

Moment For Safety



• Backing Safety

• Do a walk-around.

• Walking around a vehicle gives the driver a firsthand

view of the surrounding area and any limitations that

might affect backing. The condition of the vehicle can

be observed during the walk around as well.

Moment For Safety



• Circle of Safety - 360° Walk Around

• Why!! Because the environment and circumstances

are always changing around you.

• It takes less than 30 seconds but it’s worth your time

to prevent a tragedy.

Moment For Safety


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• Now some examples of what you might find on your

walk around.

Moment For Safety




Moment For Safety



Moment For Safety

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Moment For Safety



Moment For Safety



Moment For Safety

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Current & Future Energy Sources



• Solar Energy


• Water Heating




• Parabolic Trough

• Dish/Engine

• Power Tower

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

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• The mirrors in a parabolic trough concentrate the

sun’s rays on the absorber pipe that is filled with oil or

molten salt which carries heat to a heat exchanger

boiler where steam is produced to turn a turbine that

drives a generator to produce electricity.






• Dish/Engine

• The dish concentrates the solar energy on the thermal

receiver that uses a heat transfer medium such as

hydrogen or helium which in turn drives an engine that

turns a turbine to produce electricity.


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• Dish/Engine


• Power Tower

• The surrounding mirrors concentrate the solar energy

from the sun onto the tower collector where water or

molten salt is heated to produce steam that drives a

turbine and generator to generate electricity.




• Power Tower

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Water Heating


Photovoltaic Panels (PV)

• Roof Mounted



• Ground Mounted

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• Tower Mounted



• Solar Energy


• Water Heating





• Personal Solar




Large Scale Generation

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Large Scale Generation GEORGE MCFLY9303 LYON DRIVEHILL VALLEY, CA 95420


Community Solar

Your Panels


Shared Generation

Bottom Tenant

Middle TenantTop Tenant

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Community or Shared Offsite Generation


Personal Solar


Customer Owned Generation

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• Before considering solar be sure that the home is

energy efficient.

• Solar should not be used to mask inefficiency.

• The money spent on making a home more energy

efficient will have a better return on investment than

the money spent on solar panels.

• The size of the solar installation will be smaller for an

energy efficient home, requiring less space and less

upfront cost.



• The roof structure should be checked to make sure

that it can support the weight of the solar installation.

• Check the condition of the roof. If the roof will need

to be replaced in a few years then it should be

replaced before installing the solar panels.

• The expected life of the roofing materials should

match the life expectancy of about 25 years for the

solar installation.

• The roof replacement may possibly be included in

the total cost of the solar installation and the tax

credit could possibly apply to both the roof and the

solar panels.



• A solar installation requires 75 to 100 square feet of

space for each kilowatt (KW) of electricity produced.

• Any shading will reduce the performance and

remember that shading can change between winter

and summer.

• The location of the installation should face south.

• A location that faces southeast or southwest will

work but will be about 5% less efficient.


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Customer Owned Generation DR. EMMETT BROWN1640 RIVERSIDE DRIVEHILL VALLEY, CA 95420


• Check the warranty of the panels and the inverter.

• The solar panels usually have about a 25 year

warranty.

• The inverter will probably have a warranty of about 10

years and most likely the inverter will need to be

replaced during the life of the solar panels.



• Check with your insurance agent to make sure that

the solar panels are covered by the home owner

policy.

• Check any zoning, Home Owners Association rules,

or permit requirements. In South Carolina, an HOA

can restrict the installation of solar panels.

• Installers normally help with permits.


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Customer Owned Generation LYON DRIVEHILL VALLEY, CA 95420


• Check with your electric service provider for any

special requirements, permits, and documentation

that may be required.



• The electric service provider requirements will likely

include many of the following:

Net Metering Application and Fee

Net Metering Interconnection Agreement

One Line Diagram

Utility Onsite Inspection

City/County Inspection and Fee

Certificate of Insurance


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Customer Owned Generation One Line Diagram


Customer Owned Generation One Line Diagram


• Be careful to select a certified professional installer.

• Professional installers can help with all the paperwork

involved including tax credits and rebates.

• The North American Board of Certified Energy

Practitioners (NABCEP) maintains a list of certified

installers.

• The South Carolina Solar Council and the South

Carolina Business Alliance also maintain lists of

member installers.


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• You should check to see if the installer has workers’

compensation and liability insurance along with the

amount of coverage.

• The installer may have reviews on the Better

Business Bureau website.

• The SC Department of Labor, Licensing and

Regulation Contractor’s Licensing Board will track

any complaints against the installer on their website.

llr.state.sc.us/POL/Contractors/



• The cost of a residential solar installation is about $4

per watt installed. 1000 watts = 1 kilowatt or 1KW

• A 5KW system would be about $20,000.

• 30% Non-Refundable Federal Tax Credit = $6000

• 25% SC State Tax Credit = $5000



• The non-refundable federal tax credit is 30% and

possibly can be carried forward to the next tax year.

The IRS has not defined how many years the credit

can be carried forward if the total credit is not used in

the current tax year.

• If your federal tax liability is $0 or less you will NOT

receive a check for the credit balance.


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• In the previous example, the 30% federal tax credit

could be up to $6000 for a 5KW system costing

$20,000.

• If the federal tax liability is $8000 then the $6000 credit

would reduce the federal tax bill to $2000.

• If the federal tax liability is $5000 then the $6000 credit

would reduce the federal tax bill to $0 but the

remaining $1000 credit could possibly be carried

forward to the next tax year.



• The South Carolina state tax credit is 25%.

• The annual maximum credit is $3500

• or 50% of the state tax liability

• whichever is less.

• The SC solar credit can be carried forward for up to 10

years or $35,000 maximum credit.



• In the previous example, the 25% state tax credit

could be up to $5000 for a 5KW solar system costing

$20,000.

• If the SC state tax liability is $8000 then the $5000

solar credit CANNOT be applied in one tax year. The

maximum allowed is 50% of the SC state tax liability or

$3500, whichever is less. In this case, 50% of the SC

state tax liability is $4000 so the $3500 yearly

maximum credit is less. A SC state tax credit of $3500

would reduce the SC state tax bill to $4500 leaving a

solar credit balance of $1500 to be carried forward to

the next tax year.


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• In the previous example, the 25% SC state tax credit

could be up to $5000 for a 5KW solar system costing

$20,000.

• If the SC state tax liability is $4000 then the $5000

solar credit CANNOT be applied in one tax year. The

maximum allowed is 50% of the SC state tax liability or

$3500, whichever is less. In this case, 50% of the SC

state tax liability is $2000 which is less than the $3500

maximum credit. A SC state tax credit of $2000 would

reduce the SC state tax bill to $2000 leaving a solar

credit balance of $3000 to be carried forward to future

tax years.



• Solar Panels may be acquired using leasing or

financing but the features, cost and timeframes

should be carefully considered as with all leasing or

financing.

• Operation and maintenance costs need to be

evaluated along with the purchase and installation

price.



• A Solar quote should include the following:

Total cost from start to finish

Any additional costs for unique design needed

Equipment & Labor

Permits & Taxes

State and Federal Tax credits

Make & Model of equipment

Warranty Information

Finance options: cash, loan or lease

Expected operation and maintenance costs

Projected generation based on orientation & shading

Estimated costs and savings


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• There are many variables in a solar installation and

the time required from start to finish is about three

months.



• Many customer owned generation installations only

contain a single meter. This single bi-directional

meter installation will function and correctly bill the

energy flow in both directions but it can lead to

customer service problems and customer complaints

due to a lack of information on the utility bill.

• The customer can be provided with the needed

information by adding a second meter to the

installation that will reduce customer complaints and

make the customer feel more confident in the

information being provided by the meters on the

utility bill.




Bi-directional

Reverse Flow

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• Customer utility bill

with dual meter for

customer owned solar

or wind generation.



• Meter readings from Bi-directional meter.

• This is the only information using a single meter.



• Meter readings from generation meter.

• Additional information is total energy generated.

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• Electric portion of utility bill.


• Customer received 1689kwh from LCPW lines.



• Solar panels generated 347kwh.


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• 72kwh of excess solar energy received by the grid.



• Customer used and avoided the cost of 275kwh.

• 275kwh used = 347kwh generated – 72kwh excess



• Single Bi-Directional meter installation

• only shows the energy received from the LCPW lines

and the excess energy generated that is purchased

from the customer as shown by the bill credit.

• The utility bill does not provide the customer enough

information to calculate their total savings.

• The customer has the impression that their only

savings to help pay for their expensive solar or wind

installation is the small credit shown on their bill.


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• Dual meter Installation

• provides the customer with additional information so

that their total savings can be calculated.

• The utility bill shows the amount of energy that was

generated along with the excess energy that is

purchased by the utility company and the value of

their credit for the purchased excess energy.

• The customer can then calculate the amount of

generated energy that was consumed by their

household and assign a dollar amount to the avoided

cost that was saved by their use of the generated

energy.



• Net Metering, Net Billing, or Buy All Sell All

• Net metering measures the amount of excess solar

energy that is generated and nets the total monthly

excess generated kilowatt hours(kwh) against the

total monthly kwh metered from the utility company

without regard to when the energy was generated. If

there is any excess solar energy remaining at the end

of the month, the remaining kwh is “carried over” or

“rolled over” to the next month.




• Net Billing measures the amount of excess solar

energy that is generated and the excess solar energy

is bought by the utility company at wholesale rates.

The solar energy that is consumed by the customer is

valued at the retail price since the retail cost is being

avoided by the customer. Any electricity that the

customer needs beyond what is generated by the

solar panels is sold by the utility company at retail

rates.


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• Buy All Sell All is a compensation structure where all

of the solar energy generated by a customer’s solar

panels is purchased by the utility company at

purchase rates and all electrical energy that is

consumed by the customer is sold by the utility

company at retail rates.



• In the previous compensation arrangements, when

rates other than wholesale rates are paid to a

customer for the purchase of the excess solar

energy then the other customers are subsidizing the

purchase of the excess solar energy by the

difference between the rate paid for the purchase

and the wholesale rate.



• Solar Panels with Battery Storage

• Widespread use of battery storage for solar energy

will help boost solar implementation provided the

battery technology does not cause the price to be

excessive.

• Battery storage would allow solar generated energy to

be used at night and on cloudy days in addition to

sunny days.

• The size of solar installations might possibly increase

in size to allow for energy usage and energy storage

to occur concurrently while the solar panels are

generating electricity from the sun.


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• Solar Energy


• Water Heating





• Personal Solar


• Future Energy Sources


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• New Materials For Solar Energy Generation

• There are a number of new materials being developed

and tested that could possibly improve the way we

can generate and use solar energy.

• Some materials that are being developed might

improve the solar energy generation process.

• Other materials in development may increase solar

energy storage beyond the capability of current

battery storage technology.




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrHBlmXz370

Gravity Light

GravityLight


• GravityLight

• Weight is added to the bag using sand or rocks.

• The weighted bag is lifted 6 feet and released.

• A small generator is turned by the potential energy of

gravity being released as kinetic energy while the

weighted bag slowly descends for about 20 minutes.

• The small generator produces enough electrical

energy to power the LED on the GravityLight housing

along with two other SATlights that plug into a jack on

the GravityLight housing.


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• GravityLight

• GravityLight is currently being used to replace

kerosene lamps in developing countries where

electric service does not exist or is unreliable.

• Kerosene is expensive and produces pollutants.

• Kerosene lamps use a dangerous open flame to

produce light.

• Smoke from kerosene lamps can cause respiratory

problems.

• Kerosene use in the home can result in fires and

burns.

• Accidental kerosene poisoning can have fatal

consequences.



• Can be built in a controlled factory environment

• Less expensive to build

• Quicker to build

• Can be shipped by truck or rail

• Modular components can be assembled on-site

Small Modular Nuclear Reactors



Small Modular Reactors(SMRs) produce less than 300MW

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• SMRs can fit into the

brownfield sites of

de-commissioned

coal-fired plants

• Coal plants recently

retired average 97MW

• Coal plants expected to

retire in the next few

years average 145MW






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Questions?

A Look At The Power Of The Sun & Future Energy Sources



While researching for this presentation I found that Dr. Emmett Brown had somehow acquired Mr. Fusion from Ellen Ripley.

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Laurens CPW and Public... · 2018-03-14 · 3/14/2018 8 Laurens Commission of Public Works...

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