1 Lawn Management in Oklahoma Steve Batten, Turfgrass Extension Assistant Dennis Martin, Turfgrass Specialist David Hillock, Consumer Horticulturist Justin Moss, Turfgrass Water/Environ Quality Scientist Oklahoma State University Benefits of Turfgrasses Erosion control Noise, dust and glare reduction Reduces runoff and increases water infiltration A safe surface for recreation Increased property value Beautification and Presentation Selection and Adaptability Must match turf to the specifics of the site. To do so, one must know about the: – Soil type and pH, fertility, drainage, exposure to sun, rainfall patterns, etc.
Transcript
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Lawn Management in Oklahoma
Steve Batten, Turfgrass Extension AssistantDennis Martin, Turfgrass Specialist
David Hillock, Consumer HorticulturistJustin Moss, Turfgrass Water/Environ Quality Scientist
Oklahoma State University
Benefits of Turfgrasses
Erosion control
Noise, dust and glare reduction
Reduces runoff and increases water infiltration
A safe surface for recreation
Increased property value
Beautification and Presentation
Selection and Adaptability
Must match turf to the specifics of the site.
To do so, one must know about the:– Soil type and pH, fertility, drainage, yp p , y, g ,
exposure to sun, rainfall patterns, etc.
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Zone 6b0 to -5 F
Zone 6a-5 to -10 F
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone MapAverage Annual Minimum Temperature
Zone 7a5 to 0 F
Zone 7b10 to 5 F
Growth Patterns
Warm season – grass type that grows best in late spring through summer into early fall.y
Cool season – grass type that grows best in in fall and spring
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Selection and Adaptability
Know client expectations/abilities
– Quality expected or demanded?
– Follow through on management?
M t ti i l d– Management practices can include:
• Mowing (height & frequency)
• Fertilization (amount & frequency)
• Irrigation (amount & frequency)
• Aeration and dethatching
• Pest management
inflorescenceinflorescence
leafleaf
bladeblade
sheathsheath
nodenodeveinvein
culmculm
rhizomerhizometillertiller
crowncrown
(rib)(rib)
stolonstolon
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Growth Habits
Turfgrasses exhibit one or more of the following growth features
– Rhizomes – below ground horizontal stemsstems
– Stolons – above ground horizontal stems
– Simple tillering – production of daughter plants from mother plants. All grasses have this type of growth.
Naming
Variety – natural botanical grouping within a species
Variety – in the common language (vernacular) it means a type within a species(vernacular) it means a type within a species
In the horticultural trade, Variety and Cultivarterms are used interchangeably
Legal ownership
Public domain – means a cultivar can be legally propagated and sold without getting permission of an owner of the g g pcultivar. There may or may not be an owner.
Proprietary – means the cultivar is afforded legal protection under US Federal Law
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Types of ownership (continued)
Trade Mark – does not protect the cultivar but protects against unauthorized use of the branded trademark or registered trade mark or marked terms. Protected for an indefinite time period if maintenance of the marks are in place.
Registered =®, Common trade mark=™
Branding and Trademarking does not tell you what the species or variety is in the bag!g
Read the legal seed label to find out what is in the bag.
Seed Law Requires The Label Provide Information on the: Cultivar or variety Species or type Amount of seed in bag Seed purity (%)p y ( ) Germination (%) Date of seed testing Lot number Seller and seller’s location Weed seeds present, noxious weeds present Other crop seed present – note this may
behave like a weed in lawns
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Purchase:– improved varieties– adapted species– turf-type grasses– free of objectionable weed and cropfree of objectionable weed and crop
content– blend or mix should be of compatible types– certified seed or sod – certified as to
varietal purity
Warm-season Turfgrasses
Bermudagrass
Buffalograss
Centipedegrass Centipedegrass
St. Augustinegrass
Zoysiagrass
Bermudagrass
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Numex Sahara (Sahara) Bermudagrass
Numex Sahara (Sahara) Bermudagrass
medium texture
medium density and quality
advantages– ease of establishment
– low maintenance requirementsquality
seed-propagated seed from May – mid-July
– low purchase price
disadvantages– very susceptible to
winter-kill
– very susceptible to Spring dead spot disease
Guymon no longer availableWrangler is available
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Guymon no longer availableWrangler is available medium coarse texture acceptable density and
quality seed-propagated
advantages– ease of establishment– Low maintenance utility
turf– winter-hardy
widely adaptable seed by Aug 1 Adapted state-wide,
where ever bermudagrass is adapted
– widely adaptable– drought hardy– good spring dead spot
resistance
disadvantages– will not produce a show-
case turf
Yukon bermuda in front, Riviera bermuda in back
Yukon Bermudagrass currently in short supply
Medium fine texture Moderate to high quality
lawns Seed propagated
S d b A 1
Advantages– cold hardy– Improved spring dead
spot resistance– slower growing than
Seed by Aug 1 Adapted stated-wide,
where ever bermudagrass is adapted
OSU release 1999
g gmany other seeded bermudagrasses
Disadvantage– slower to establish than
many other seeded bermudagrasses
– seed more expensive than most others
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Riviera Bermudagrass
Medium fine texture
Moderate to high quality lawns
Seed propagated
Advantages– cold hardy
– Improved spring dead spot resistance
Seed propagated
Seed by Aug 1
OSU release 2001
compared to Sahara
– most rapid growing of high quality seeded types
Disadvantage– seed more expensive
than most others
U-3 Brand Seeded Bermudagrass
medium texture medium density and
quality seed-propagated seed
advantages– ease of establishment
disadvantagesp p gfrom May – mid-July
Is a “Brand name”, not a cultivar name, thus VNS seed is in the container labeled asU-3 Brand – ie this is not U-3 variety
– usually very susceptible to winter-kill
– very susceptible to spring dead spot disease
– often expensive– performance can vary as
this is not an actual cultivar or variety
Bermudagrass sold as U-3
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Bermudagrass sold as U-3
Many types are sold as U-3, thus material from one farm can differ from the next farm or from within the same field
medium fine-texture vegetatively-propagated
advantages– nice lawn – lower maintenance
requirements than many hybrids
– good cold hardinessg y p p g adequate quality for most
lawns, parks, grounds and golf course fairways and teeboxes
Most widely used bermudagrass in Oklahoma
Do not confuse with “U-3 Brand”
g– good drought tolerance
disadvantages– seed not available– fairly susceptible to SDS– highly variable from
producers as there is no single type being sold asU-3
more dense than Tifway excellent visual quality due to increased risk of
winter kill, should only be considered south of I-40 in south east OK where winters are more mild
disadvantages– less cold hardy,
frequently suffer winter kill
– very susceptible to spring dead spot disease
– very high maintenance– requires access to
irrigation
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Use Patriot or TifSport
Patriot and TifSport are more winter hardy than Tifgreen or Tifway
Use Patriot or TifSport if hybrid bermudagrass quality is demanded
Patriot, OSU’s newest turf bermuda release.
Patriot Bermudagrass Released by OSU in 2002,
became available for purchase in 2004
excellent visual quality, equal to Tifway and exceeding Midlawn
Med. fine texture
advantages– outstanding visual quality– known performance– establishes more rapidly
than any other hybrid bermudagrass
– very good cold hardiness, higher than Tifway and Tifgreen slightly less than
vegetatively-propagated hybrid
very dense adapted statewide if irrigated
Tifgreen, slightly less than Midlawn
– Better spring dead spot resistance than Tifway, less than Midlawn
disadvantages– will be more expensive than
other vegetative types during first few years in the market
– high maintenance like other hybrids
– Best if irrigated
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St Augustinegrass
St. Augustinegrass
warm-season grass
medium to coarse-texture
spreads by stolons
extreme southern regions, sheltered site
St. Augustinegrass
full-sun to lightly-shaded areas of south eastern OK. Do not use north of Ardmore-Sulfur-Ada-McAlester-Poteau area
high water requirement better soil conditions required use only Raleigh variety at this time
– Raleigh is vegetatively propagated, more cold hardy and St. Augustine Decline virus resistant, but still susceptible to Take-all disease
expect occasional winter-kill
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Zoysiagrass
Zoysiagrass
warm-season grass fine to medium-texture yellow green color stolons and rhizomes stolons and rhizomes winter hardy full-sun to light-shade requires less fertilizer requires less mowing requires more water
than bermudagrass, but lessthan tall fescue
Zoysiagrass
Variable establishment rate
more frequent watering
top quality high maintenance top-quality, high-maintenance
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Zoysiagrass
Seeded– Sunrise Brand– Zenith
Vegetative– Cavalier– Meyer– Matrella – El Toro
Sunrise Brand ZoysiagrassIt is VNS = variety not stated
Seeded
By July 15
Medium course
Advantage– reduced
establishment cost
texture
Rapid spreading
Do not use north of US 412
Disadvantage– very susceptible to
Large patch and rust diseases
Meyer (Z-52, Amazoy) Zoysiagrass
medium texture
high quality
slow to grow –advantage or
Advantages– Low fertilizer rate– Reduced mowing– Some shade
advantage or disadvantage?
Sod 2-3 months before frost
Adapted state-wide if irrigation is present
tolerance
Disadvantages– High water use rate– Moderate to low
drought tolerance– Large patch of
zoysia– Zoysiagrass mite
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El Toro Zoysiagrass
Vegetatively propagated
Rapid spreading
Advantages– reduced fertilizer
– reduced mowing
Do not use north of US 412
Disadvantages– susceptible to Large
patch disease
– less winter hardy than Meyer
Cavalier variety and Matrella (VNS types) Zoysiagrass
Vegetatively propagated
fine texture
Do not use north of US 412 until additional information is available
Native warm-season turfgrass in Cleveland county
Buffalograss
Bluegrama
Sideoats grama Sideoats grama
Inland saltgrass
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Buffalograss
BuffalograssMowed at 3 inches (left) and non-mowed (right)
Buffalograss warm-season, sod-forming grass native prairie grass - spreads by stolons fine texture, grayish-green color excellent heat and drought tolerance most varieties are cold tolerant full sun full-sun adapted to most of Oklahoma on soils
other than sands. Do not use in high rainfall areas of southeast Oklahoma
buy treated seed seed by July 1 Reduced fertilizer and mowing
requirements
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Buffalograsses Seeded types – adapted
state-wide except in high rainfall areas of SE Oklahoma– Bison, Texoka, Topgun,
Comanche, Sharp’s improved, Bowie*, Cody*
– Tatanka no longer sold.*seeded turf types offering higher
quality
Vegetatively propagated types Adapted except in high rainfall
areas of south east Oklahoma– 609** - do not use north of
US 412 due to increased risk of winter kill. Chinch bugs can be problematic.
– Prairie – adapted state-wide except in high rainfall areas. Chinch bugs less of a
bl b t t i t tquality problem but not resistant.– Prestige – adapted state-wide
– Legacy - adapted state-wide except S.E. Oklahoma. Chinch bugs less of a problem but not resistant.
**highest quality vegetative type
Flowers of bluegrama (bottom) & sideoats grama (top). Leaves and shoots look similar to buffalo but flowers are different. Gramas do not produce stolons.
Inland saltgrass
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Inland saltgrass
Salt, heat and drought tolerant
Low maintenance and low quality
Destructive to concrete and asphalt Destructive to concrete and asphalt
Not currently available for purchase but cultivars expected in the next 3 years
Responds to fertilization and irrigation
Mowing at 3 inches
Cool-season Grasses for Oklahoma
Turf-type tall fescue (perennial)
Perennial ryegrass (perennial to annual)
Annual ryegrass (annual) Annual ryegrass (annual)
Intermediate ryegrass (annual)
Kentucky bluegrass (perennial)
Texas X Kentucky hybrid bluegrass (perennial)
Tall Fescue
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Turf-type
Turf-type – definition. Selected, breed, developed first and foremost for use as a turfgrass.g
Modern turf-types are selected for improved color, texture, density, visual uniformity, prostrate growth habit.
Forage-type Forage-type – definition: Developed for use
as a general purpose soil-stabilization type or for animal forage.
Usually produced good biomass and vigor under “natural” or lower maintenance conditionsconditions
Often selected for higher protein and digestibility by grazing animals.
Usually has a rapid rate of growth and rapid vertical leaf growth rate.
Not selected for color, texture, density, uniformity or for traits valuable for aesthetic or sport use appeal.
Turf-type tall fescue
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Turf-type tall fescue
cool-season grass, bunch-type with very short rhizomes
perennial
di h d t f ll medium shade to full-sun
seed or sod
create and use blends, a mixture of 2 or more varieties, for wider adaptability
establish in fall
Turf-type tall fescue many cultivars
forage-type tall fescues provide a forage quality lawn – is that what you want?quality lawn is that what you want?
Forage types: – Fawn, Alta, Kenhye, Johnstone
Soil stabilization type:– Kentucky 31 is a soil stabilization/forage
type that has been used for lawns but is less dense, lighter green, and more coarse
Turf type vs forage type tall fescueLeft: KY 31, non-turf type Right: turf-type
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Turf type vs forage type tall fescue
If little to no management is intended, Kentucky 31, K31 or KY 31 may be a better choice. Better for turf than other true forage types.
If high visual quality is intended, choose any of a number of turf-types, developed for improved color, texture and density.
Turf-Type Tall Fescues
Many cultivars suited Includes: Millennium, Rembrandt,
Falcon II, Houndog V, Plantation, just to g jname a few.
Managing a cool-season lawn properly will influence its summer survival more dramatically than which cultivars you use.
Perennial ryegrass
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Perennial ryegrass cool-season, bunch-type Light shade to full-sun Short-lived perennial or for winter
overseeding warm-season grasses As a perennial turf, mixed with tall fescue or
Kentucky bluegrass at 20 to 50% by weighty g y g Seeded if for 100% stands Sod is not available Sod available for mixtures with tall fescue or
Kentucky bluegrass establish in fall Many good turf-types are available. Linn offers poor quality.
Linn Perennial ryegrass – an old forage type ryegrass
Linn
Kentucky Bluegrass
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Kentucky bluegrass Cool-season spreading type by rhizomes
Do not use it as a 100% stand. Use only in mixes with tall fescue and/or perennial ryegrass at 5 to 10% Kentucky bluegrass by weight
Many good performers Many good performers.
Pick types resistant to dollarspot and summer patch, the two most serious diseases of Kentucky bluegrass in Oklahoma
Use in full sun to light shade
Not as shade tolerant as tall fescue
Powdery mildew a problem in heavy shade
Older, less improved types that have problems in Oklahoma
Park, SD Common
Establishment Soil and site preparation is critical
Winter overseeding Reynolds stadium for improved winterappearance and playability.
Winter overseeding rates Use excessively high rates of seed to stunt
the growth and development of the seedlings so that they look fine in winter, but are weak and die out in spring, reducing their competition with bermudagrass
For winter overseeding using Annual, Perennial or Intermediate ryegrass use 12 toPerennial or Intermediate ryegrass, use 12 to 15 lbs/1000 sq. ft. in mid to late Sept.
Do not use tall fescue for winter overseeding as its stress tolerance is too high and some will remain as a perennial weed in the bermudagrass stand.
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Sodding
provides almost instant lawn moist seedbed place in staggered,
checkerboard patterncheckerboard pattern, fit snugly
tamp or roll area water immediately warm-season in full sun, lay sod at least 1
month prior to first fall frost, in shade, lay sod at least 2.5 months prior to first fall frost
Cool-season – do not sod in June-Aug.
Choose quality sod –a good roll or slab ofsod can be picked upby it’s end and will not break under it’sown weight
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Plugging
transplant small pieces of sod (1-2”), use only those grasses that spread by stolons
used when transplant shock to sprigs will be excessiveexcessive.
requires more time for total coverage more labor intensive 6-12” centers (zoysiagrass - 6”) roll or tamp, keep moist plug at least 2 months before first fall frost
Sprigging
mechanically or manually
plant 1-2” deep in furrows 10-18” apart with sprigs 4-6” apartwith sprigs 4 6 apart
leave 1/4 of sprig above ground
roll or tamp, keep moist
sprig at least 2 months before first fall frost
Sprigging
broadcast sprigging– uniformly spread sprigs
– cover with 1/4” to 1/2” topsoil or sandcover with 1/4 to 1/2 topsoil or sand
– or, lightly press sprigs into surface with disk or roto-tiller set 2-3” deep
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Lawn Management
Fertilization
Irrigation
Mowing Mowing
Thatch control
Aerification
Pest control - weed, insect, disease
Fertilization
Promotes Dense Turf– reduces weed invasion
– Improves tolerance to heat, cold, drought, and wear
Needed during – Initial Turf Establishment
– Beginning of Each Growing Season
Fertilization Programs
based on N needs
straight N source in summer or if soil test indicated P and K are adequate
slow release fertilizers are good for summer slow-release fertilizers are good for summer applications on warm-season grass when adequate moisture is present
never fertilize if a heavy rain is expected. Heavy rainfall immediately following fertilization may increase nutrient runoff to storm water
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Fertilizer runoff
Fertilization Programs
bermudagrass– 3 to 5 lb N/1000 sq ft/season*– Apply 1 lb N/1000 in May, June, July, August, September if
quick release N is usedBl d d t i i l l f tili b– Blended sources containing slow release fertilizer can be applied at 1.6 lbs N/1000, each, in May, July and Sept
buffalograss and zoysiagrass– 1-3 lb N/1000 sq ft/season*
*applied in single ½ to 1 lb N/1000 sq ft applications
Fertilization Programs
cool-season grasses– 3-4 lb N/1000 sq ft/season
– October, December, March, early MayOctober, December, March, early May
– Do not fertilize in June – August to reduce heat and drought stress and risk of brown patch disease
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Fertilizer – How Much to Apply?
Example: 16-4-8 N-P-K fertilizer
Typically fertilizers are applied at rates based on the amount of nitrogenon the amount of nitrogen.
Example: To apply 1 lb of N per 1,000 sq. ft –divide 100 by 16% = 6.25 lbs fertilizer /1000 sq ft
Fertilizer – What About P & K
P – Promotes Meristematic Growth
Use P for Promoting Root and New Plant G thGrowth
K- Stimulates Strong Cell Walls
Use K to Increase Wear Tolerance, Drought Tolerance, and to Stimulate Upright Growth.
Soil Amendments (Lime or Sulfur)
Use for pH Control to Promote Plant Nutrient Uptake
Soil testingHow to take a Soil Test Sample at 3 inches deep
Remove turf near soil surface
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Collect and Mix Multiple SamplesA minimum of 10 samples per Site
Irrigation avoid frequent shallow watering in most
cases as it often– encourages shallow roots, thatch
accumulation and weed seed germination
determine irrigation based on soil anddetermine irrigation based on soil and plant needs rather than on a strict calendar schedule due to– different soil types
– fluctuations in temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation
– management practices
Irrigation
attempt to moisten soil to 6” deep or to the depth of the majority of the rootzone
check with soil probe
water again when grass “footprints”
water early morning12am to 8am
water 1 to 2 inches per week during drought periods
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Irrigation
Turfgrasses vary in their need for irrigation, the following ranking is generally true1. Tall fescue, bluegrass, ryegrass (uses the
t t )most water)
2. St. Augustinegrass
3. Most zoysiagrasses
4. Many hybrid bermudagrasses like Tifway
5. Many dactylon or common bermudas, U-3
6. Buffalograss (uses the least water)
Remember
Not every day is a drought in Oklahoma
Select grasses based on practical needs and adaptation to the entireneeds and adaptation to the entire range of conditions expected
Mowing
Frequent enough to not remove more than 1/3 of the shoot length.
If you mow at 2” height-of-cut, cut grass when it is about 3” tall.
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Mowing Height
Suggested mowing heights for a general purpose, common bermudagrass or U-3 lawn*
inches pre-greenup scalping 1 spring and summer 1 to 2 fall 1 to 2 ½
*Hybrid bermudagrasses such as Tifway, Tifgreen, Patriot and Midlawn as well as zoysiagrasses may require closer mowing to reduce thatch and grain. Buffalograss should not be mowed to less than 3 inches
Mowing Height
Cool-season*
inches fall and spring 2 2 1/2 fall and spring 2 - 2 1/2
summer 2 – 3
*suitable for tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and their mixtures
Mowing
Why mow?
cultural (social implications) cultural (social implications)
increases uniformity of turf
improves density of turf
decreases leaf width (finer texture)
help control woody and weed invasion
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Mowing
Clippings
To catch or not to catch? To catch or not to catch?
Thatch Control
occurs when production of plant tissue (roots and stems) exceeds decomposition
impedes movement of water, air, and nutrients
leads to shallow roots and thin turf
Thatch Control
manage through propermowing, fertilization, watering, and responsible pesticideuse
if thatch is greater than1/2” deep, then dethatch– warm-season grasses
prior to spring greenup– cool-season grasses in
early fall thatch removedfrom a lawn
Excessive thatch on the left
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Thatch Control
Dethatching machines
Aerification
provides proper aeration and soil water movement through soilmovement through soil
remove 1/2” to 1” dia. cores at least 2” deep– warm-season grasses prior to greenup or
during active growth if irrigation is present
– cool-season grasses early fall
Aerification
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Weed Control ID weed
Modify management program to favor
desired grass over the weed
Small numbers of weeds can be
tolerated or removed by hand
select herbicide to kill the weed and not injure turf (Label)
Proper use of pesticides is the responsibility of the applicator
Left, turf injury from 2X rate of the broadleaf weed killer
Right, Herbicide drift injuryto ornamentals
apply herbicide when conditions favor rapid weed growth.– preemergence– postemergence
apply at the recommended– time– rate– coverage
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Chemical Weed Control
pre-emergent - control applied so weed is killed when it germinates
post-emergent - control applied to i ti dexisting weeds
Chemical Weed Control
Left, No pre-emergent herbicide; yellow appearance is due to seedling crabgrass. Right, Pre-emergent utilized.
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Widely available pre-emergent herbicides Effective against weedy annual grasses and
some small seeded broadleaves– Surflan– Balan– Barricade– Dimension– Scotts Halt– Scotts Halts– Team– XL
Portrait (granular) or Gallery (sprayable) –effective against broadleaves but not grasses
Widely available post-emergent broadleaf herbicides Generally pre-mixes of 2,4-D; MCPP and
Dicamba are used. Examples include: Trimec and
W d B GWeed-B-Gone Avoid simply saying “2,4-D”. 2,4-D alone is
weak on many broadleaves, thus 3-way herbicide pre-mixes are used to expand the number of different broadleaves that can be controlled
Recent Consumer Trends in Broadleaf Postemergent Weed Control
In 2007 premixes containing 2,4-D; MCPP, dicamba and either MSMA or Quinclorac became common-place on the garden center shelvesshelves.
Quinclorac or MSMA are in the mix for post-emergent crabgrass control.
Quinclorac will not control sedges, while MSMA controls sedges other than purple nutsedge but several application may be needed.
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MSMA is in phase out
MSMA and other arsenical herbicides such as CMA, AMA and DSMA are in phase out.
No longer available for purchase for use on residential lawns after December 2009.
Use of existing labeled arsenicals can be used on residential lawns through December 2010.
Broadleaf + Crabgrass post control products for consumers
Ortho Product Line
– Weed B Gon Max Plus Crabgrass Control
Spectracide Product Line
– Weed Stop For Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer
Bayer Product Line
– All In One Lawn Weed & Crabgrass Killer
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Post-emergent nutsedge control
Certainty – use only on warm-season lawns
Image – use only on warm-season lawns
MSMA – use only on warm-season lawnsy
Basagran – warm or cool-season lawn
Sedgehammer – warm or cool-season lawn
Only Image, Certainty and Sedgehammer will control both yellow and purple nutsedge, the others will not control purple nutsedge
Sandbur Control Strategy Most sand bur in OK is field sandbur
and is a perennial that forms new plants by seed
Control for the consumer is a good gfertility program, proper irrigation and digging out sandburs on a small scale.
If a herbicide program is needed then MSMA is used in repeat applications as per label in May and June, in combination with cultural management.
Common Winter Annual Grassy Weeds
annual bluegrass (Poa annua)
downy brome, cheat, rescuegrass
Annual bluegrass
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Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds
Carolina geranium
henbit Creeping speedwell
Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds
Johnny jump-up violets
Shepard's purse
Winter Annual Broadleaf WeedsLawn burweed or spurweed
Mouse-ear chickweed
Common chickweed
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Summer Annual Grassy Weeds
goosegrass
crabgrass
crabgrass
Summer Annual or Perennial Grassy Weeds
sandbur
Summer Annual Broadleaf Weeds
knotweed
prostrate spurge
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Summer Annual Broadleaf Weeds
common lespedeza
black medic
purslane purslane
carpetweed
Perennial sedges
Yellow nutsedge (left)
Purple nutsedge (right)
Warm-season Perennial Grassy Weeds
dallisgrass
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Cool-season Perennial Broadleaf Weeds
dandelion
white clover
yellow woodsorrel yellow woodsorrel
Biennial Weeds
wild carrot
some thistles such as musk thistle
Cool-season Perennial Broadleaf Weeds
curly dock
broadleaf plantain
buckhorn plantain buckhorn plantain
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Cool-season Perennial Broadleaf Weeds
Violet
A typical full-scale weed control program follows. Note, not all of the applications are needed if proper management is practiced or if client is tolerant to someor if client is tolerant to some weeds being present
Feb to mid March – apply 1st preemergent summer annual herbicide
Feb to early March – apply dormant Roundup + Trimec program for winter annuals in bermudagrass
Early to mid May – apply 2nd application of y y ypreemergent summer annual herbicide
Late May to mid June – spot treatments of post emergent broadleaf herbicide
Late May to early June – post emergent nutsedge control if needed
Late May to mid June – post emergent crabgrass control if needed
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July to August – too late, the optimum window of application is passed, increased risk of herbicide drift, injury to , j ydesirable turf and ornamentals and decreased herbicide susceptibility of summer annuals and cool and warm-season perennials is present
Last week of August to mid Sept – apply preemergent winter annual weed control
October to early November – apply post October to early November apply post emergent broadleaf herbicide for control of cool season perennial broadleaves
Insect Control
Principle problems include:– White grubs
– Fall armyworms
Damage from moles
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Disease Control Diseases are caused by infectious, living
agents such as viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas, and fungi.
Most turf diseases are caused by fungi.y g
For disease to occur, there must be a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, the proper environment for the pathogen and adequate exposure time of the pathogen to the host.
Spring Dead Spotdisease
fungus, active in falld i i damage appears in spring
avoid late, high applications of N chemical controls not reliable remove dead plant material to speed up
regrowth allow remaining grass to cover or
reseed/ plug with resistant cultivars
Varieties with increased spring dead spot resistance
Midiron, Riviera, Yukon, Patriot and Tifsport are more resistant
Celebration Sahara Sunturf Princess Celebration, Sahara, Sunturf, Princess 77, Tifway, and Tifgreen, are more susceptible
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Dollar Spot disease
Small circular spots size of silver dollar appear in
N deficiency N deficiency
chemical control
Brown Patch Most prevalent on tall fescue Disease severity increases with reduced
air movement, high temps (80+), high humidity, heavy dew, summer y, y ,fertilization, heavyshade
