Lbs1 practice test

04/11/23Dr. Candace Baker1

LBS1 Practice TestLBS1 Practice Testfor Saint Xavier University for Saint Xavier University

CandidatesCandidates


Special Education: Teaching Special Education: Teaching Students with Learning DisabilitiesStudents with Learning Disabilities


Q1. Students with learning disabilities are Q1. Students with learning disabilities are more likely than students without disabilities more likely than students without disabilities to exhibit which of the following?to exhibit which of the following?

A. Clear Dominance of the left Brain for Learning

B. Deficits in long-term memory retrievalC. Selective attention disordersD. Characteristics of giftedness in artistic

expression


Q1 --Q1 -- AnswerAnswerThe Correct Answer is C. Research indicates that students with learning

disabilities are likely to lag behind other children in their ability to identify and focus on the key aspects of a task while disregarding the less important aspects. It has not been proven that students with learning disabilities are more likely than other students to have either left-brain or right-brain dominance for learning, and students with learning disabilities have no particular difficulty with long-term memory retrieval (Choice B). There is no clear evidence to suggest that students with learning disabilities are more gifted than others in artistic expression (Choice D).


Q2. Which of the following best represents Q2. Which of the following best represents current research findings on brain damage / current research findings on brain damage / dysfunction as it relates to learning disabilities?dysfunction as it relates to learning disabilities?A. Direct, causal links have been found between

prenatal exposure to toxic substances and certain well-defined learning disabilities.

B. Brain damage/dysfunction has been ruled out altogether as a factor in the occurrence of learning disabilities.

C. Brain damage/dysfunction caused by accident or abuse is clearly linked to learning disabilities, but such a link has not been established for damage that is prenatal.

D. There is little direct evidence of a link between learning disabilities and brain damage/dysfunction but some evidence that is correlational.


Q2 -- AnswerQ2 -- Answer

The Best Answer is D.Specific causal linkages between pre- or

postnatal development and/or experiences and learning disabilities, as indicated in choice A and choice C, have not yet been established with certainty. Because research is ongoing in this area, choice B is not correct.


Q3. Which of the following single Q3. Which of the following single indicators is most commonly used to indicators is most commonly used to signify students’ eligibility for services for signify students’ eligibility for services for specific learning disabilities?specific learning disabilities?

A. Academic Achievement that is hampered by social and emotional deficits

B. Academic achievement that is significantly below grade level.

C. Academic aptitude that is significantly lower than the norm for the chronological age.

D. Academic aptitude that is significantly higher than academic achievement.


Q3 -- AnswerQ3 -- AnswerThe Best Answer is D.Although definitions of learning disabilities

vary, most have an aptitude-achievement discrepancy component. Social and emotional deficits (choice A) are not primary to identifying learning disabilities. Choice B as a single indicator is incorrect; many factors other than the presence of a learning disability could account for low academic achievement. Chronological age related to aptitude (choice C) is not a primary indicator for learning disabilities.


Q4.Q4. A Student with learning disabilities who reads A Student with learning disabilities who reads at grade level is enrolled in a regular biology class. at grade level is enrolled in a regular biology class. The special education teacher is trying to determine The special education teacher is trying to determine what strategies to use to help the student perform well what strategies to use to help the student perform well in the class and pass the required tests. Which of the in the class and pass the required tests. Which of the following Steps should the special education teacher following Steps should the special education teacher take first?take first?A. Determine how well the student organizes and

retains material that is representative of the course.B. Obtain the required reading materials and highlight

important concepts for the student.C. Secure a tape recorder for the student to use to tape

the lectures and other teacher presentations.D. Use a readability index to determine the difficulty of

the required reading materials.


Q4 -- AnswerQ4 -- AnswerThe correct answer is A. Many students with learning disabilities have

difficulty organizing materials for study and using strategies that aid their retention of information. As a first step, highlighting information (choice B) would not be useful; it would not provide information about the student, who might not have a deficit that requires this step. Choice C would not be useful as a first step, before the teacher learns the student’s specific study needs. Because the student reads at grade level it would be more advantageous to determine how the student approaches study tasks than to determine the difficulty of the material (Choice D).


Q5.Q5. Ralph is a fourth grade, recently mainstreamed Ralph is a fourth grade, recently mainstreamed student who has a learning disability that causes him to student who has a learning disability that causes him to decode written materials in a slow and labored manner. decode written materials in a slow and labored manner. His comprehension is excellent. His teacher has organized His comprehension is excellent. His teacher has organized the classroom in five reading / discussion groups to which the classroom in five reading / discussion groups to which students have been assigned based on their reading students have been assigned based on their reading performance. Ralph is placed in the highest group. Which performance. Ralph is placed in the highest group. Which of the following best justifies the teacher’s decision?of the following best justifies the teacher’s decision?

A. Ralph will have his strengths reinforced and will likely receive spontaneous peer tutoring.

B. Ralph will be forced to decode faster in order to be competitive with the other students.

C. The social benefits of being in the higher group will outweigh any instructional disadvantage Ralph experiences.

D. Ralph can keep pace by listening to the discussion and thereby avoid some of the decoding tasks.


Q5 -- AnswerQ5 -- AnswerThe Best Answer is A. Because Ralph has no trouble understanding what he

reads, he is more likely to improve his skills in the highest group than in one in which the students have difficulty with both decoding and comprehension. The teacher can employ strategies that will aid him in decoding the materials. Trying to decode faster without any type of adaptations (choice B) will likely prove frustrating and counterproductive for Ralph. The teacher should no undervalue Ralph’s instructional needs (choice C), and avoiding decoding (choice D) would not be beneficial for Ralph.


SpecialSpecial Education: Teaching Education: Teaching Students with Behavioral Students with Behavioral

Disorders/Emotional DisturbanceDisorders/Emotional Disturbance


Q1. A school is considering adopting a “get tough” Q1. A school is considering adopting a “get tough” policy that enables it to expel students whose policy that enables it to expel students whose behavior is disruptive and/or violent. Which of the behavior is disruptive and/or violent. Which of the following best describes the relationship between following best describes the relationship between this school’s policy and IDEA?this school’s policy and IDEA?A. It is consistent with the requirements of IDEA.B. This practice probably is illegal for many students

covered by IDEA.C. IDEA does not address administrative policies

concerning students who are disruptive and/or violent.

D. IDEA permits the expulsion of disruptive and/or violent students only if they lack the intellectual capacity to do schoolwork.


Q1 --Q1 -- AnswerAnswerBased on case law, the best response is B. Under EHA (PL94-142) and its amendments, the

courts have established that schools may not expel students with disabilities without due process if the behavior causing the expulsion proceedings is related to their disabilities. The provisions of EHA and IDEA that have been cited as relevant are those that call for education in the least restrictive environment and those related to placement decisions, with expulsion being viewed by the courts as an unplanned change in placement not in the student’s best educational interests. Choices A, C, and D, therefore, are incorrect.


Q2. On school party days, two third-grade students with Q2. On school party days, two third-grade students with EBD get so excited that their behavior becomes very EBD get so excited that their behavior becomes very difficult to manage. The third-grade general education difficult to manage. The third-grade general education teacher has asked the special education teacher not to send teacher has asked the special education teacher not to send these students to the class on the days of school parties these students to the class on the days of school parties because the students are so disruptive. Which of the because the students are so disruptive. Which of the following would be the best way for the special education following would be the best way for the special education teacher to deal with this problem?teacher to deal with this problem?A. Urge the general education teacher to make allowances for these

students’ behaviors in these kinds of situations.B. Agree to allow the students with emotional / behavioral disorders to

remain in the special education classroom with a member of the nonprofessional staff during parties.

C. Advise the students that they will not be allowed to go to school parties and offer them the option to stay home from school on those days.

D. Help the regular education teacher arrange to have additional adults present to help with these students during parties.


Q2 -- AnswerQ2 -- Answer All choices except D, the best answer, allow the EBD

students to be “excluded” from important school events with their peers. No matter how severe their behavior has been in the past, EBD students have the right to be included in current educational activities, even if that means using a variety of support strategies such as additional adult assistance. It is the EBD teacher’s role to do more than just “try to persuade” the mainstream or general education teacher to include the EBD students. It is the EBD teacher’s responsibility to see that it is done, and to help the EBD students sustain their involvement in the activity for as long as they are able.


Q3.Q3. Which of the following is Which of the following is NOTNOT an an important consideration in the process of important consideration in the process of evaluating a student for evidence of EBD?evaluating a student for evidence of EBD?

A. The referring TeacherB. The age of onset of the problem

behavior.C. The setting in which the problem

behavior is exhibitedD. The treatment to be used.



Choices A, B, and C are all considerations in the evaluation process. The correct response, D, is a part of the educational plan that is developed based on the completion of the evaluation process.


Q4.Q4. If a teacher aide is assigned to assist in a If a teacher aide is assigned to assist in a classroom for students with EBD, which of the classroom for students with EBD, which of the following guidelines would best help the aide to following guidelines would best help the aide to assist students who are doing independent work?assist students who are doing independent work?

A. Give the students frequent encouragement to get them to complete their work on their own.

B. Provide continuous feedback to students as they work.

C. Show students how to complete their tasks, doing some of the work for them if they delay.

D. Limit assistance to that help needed to keep students working on their own.



Independent work periods are intended to help students learn to use their time well and strengthen their problem-solving skills. Students need to strike a balance between receiving needed assistance and coming to depend too heavily on adult intervention; thus, the best response is DD.


Q5.Q5. Maria, a student with EBD, has just been placed Maria, a student with EBD, has just been placed in a regular mathematics class. Two days in a row, in a regular mathematics class. Two days in a row, when given a math worksheet, Maria has looked at it when given a math worksheet, Maria has looked at it for a few minutes, pushed it aside, and put her head for a few minutes, pushed it aside, and put her head down on her desk. Which of the following does the down on her desk. Which of the following does the teacher need to do before giving Maria more math teacher need to do before giving Maria more math worksheets in class?worksheets in class?A. Ask one of the other students to work with Maria on

one of the rejected worksheets.B. Set up a bonus point system with Maria to encourage

her to do her math work.C. Allow Maria to take her math work home to see if

she can complete it when not under pressure.D. Talk with Maria and evaluate whether the math

assignments are appropriate for her.



The Best Answer is DD. The teacher must first determine if the

math assignments are appropriate for Maria before any of the other strategies might be effective.


Q6. Which of the following guidelines being Q6. Which of the following guidelines being stated by a teacher is an example of a stated by a teacher is an example of a dependent group contingency?dependent group contingency?

A. “As soon as each student makes it through an entire home economics class without one reprimand for disruptive behavior, we will prepare lunch for class.”

B. “If each student meets his or her self-monitoring goal on Tuesday, the whole class can skip a homework assignment.”

C. Each student who finishes her or his homework during the allotted fifteen-minute homework drill will receive a coupon for a fast-food restaurant.”

D. “Each time Johanna earns 10 points for completing academic tasks, the entire class will be rewarded with five minutes of free time.”


Q6 -- AnswerQ6 -- Answer Choice D, the correct response, fits the guidelines for

dependent group contingencies. The peer performance of certain group members determines the consequence received by the entire group. Choices A and B represent an interdependent group contingency. In this strategy, each student must reach a prescribed level of behavior before the entire group receives a consequence. Choice C represents an independent group contingency. In this variation, the same consequence is applied to individual group members.


Special Education: Application of Special Education: Application of Core Principles Across Categories Core Principles Across Categories

of Disabilitiesof Disabilities


Q1. A 13-year-old student with a severe degree of Q1. A 13-year-old student with a severe degree of mental retardation has a verbal expressive mental retardation has a verbal expressive vocabulary of a few isolated words. Which of the vocabulary of a few isolated words. Which of the following augmentative communication systems following augmentative communication systems can most immediately be used in a community can most immediately be used in a community setting with the students?setting with the students?

A. Sign languageB. Cued SpeechC. A communication board using picturesD. A communication board using the alphabet

and number system.


Q1 --Q1 -- AnswerAnswer

The best answer is C.A communication board using pictures is most

likely to be effective given the severity of the student’s disability and the limited nature of the student’s current language skills.


Q2. Computer-assisted instruction has been shown Q2. Computer-assisted instruction has been shown to be an important teaching method for students with to be an important teaching method for students with mental retardation for all of the following reasons mental retardation for all of the following reasons EXCEPTEXCEPT::A. The computer requires little teacher intervention,

freeing the teacher to prepare upcoming lessons.B. The computer can be programmed to

immediately deliver feedback on the correctness of a response.

C. The computer can be programmed to provide as much repetition as a student needs.

D. Computer graphics and sound can maintain a student’s motivation and attention to task.


Q2 -- AnswerQ2 -- AnswerThe correct answer is A;You are to choose the false statement.

Effective computer-assisted instruction tends to require as much teacher monitoring and intervention as other types of individualized student work.


Q3. To best assure the transfer of word Q3. To best assure the transfer of word attack skills to newspaper reading, a attack skills to newspaper reading, a middle school teacher of students with middle school teacher of students with mild mental retardation should…mild mental retardation should…

A. prepare teacher-made newspaper articles for the students to read.

B. select articles from the local newspaper for students to read.

C. develop writing exercises using words from newspaper articles.

D. prepare worksheet exercises based on single sentences from newspaper articles.



The best answer is B,Since one component of successful

transfer of learning is the similarity between the situation in which a skill is learned and the situation to which it is to be applied.


Q4.Q4. Which of the following is an example Which of the following is an example of functional language training for of functional language training for children who are nonverbal?children who are nonverbal?A. Rewarding the child for making a

vocalization approximating a sound made by the teacher.

B. Rewarding the child for any vocalization made while looking at the teacher.

C. Drilling on bilabial sounds so the student can say “mama”.

D. Drilling the child on pointing to the sink when he or she wants a drink of water.


Q4 -- AnswerQ4 -- AnswerThe best answer is D,Since functional language training

involves giving the child a means of influencing and interacting with the environment. Teaching the child to make sounds or imitate words in isolation does not fulfill the goal of functional language training.


Q5.Q5. A well-made teacher-developed test is A well-made teacher-developed test is generally preferred to a standardized generally preferred to a standardized achievement test when measuring learning achievement test when measuring learning mastery because it . . .mastery because it . . .

A. is more likely to yield a true scoreB. has higher interrater reliabilityC. allows greater comparison of students

to each otherD. has better content validity


Q5 -- AnswerQ5 -- AnswerThe best answer is D. “Learning mastery” generally refers to

those lessons taught in the classroom. A teacher-developed test is more likely than a standardized achievement test to assess students’ mastery of those lessons and, therefore, to have better content validity.


Q6Q6. Which of the following best . Which of the following best describes an ecological inventory?describes an ecological inventory?A. An analysis of the curriculum of a given

school system.B. A compilation of specific behavioral

management needs of a child with disabilitiesC. A synthesis of the past educational

achievements of a child with disabilitiesD. A compilation of life skills needed by a child

with disabilities in present or future settings.



The best answer is D. An ecological inventory is designed to

determine those skills needed by a particular individual in his or her current and future environments.


Q7Q7. A student with behavior problems is being . A student with behavior problems is being taught to interact appropriately with peers on taught to interact appropriately with peers on the playground. The playground supervisor the playground. The playground supervisor provides the teacher with feedback on the provides the teacher with feedback on the student’s behavior after every recess. The student’s behavior after every recess. The student earns points for acceptable behavior. student earns points for acceptable behavior. When an infraction has occurred during recess, When an infraction has occurred during recess, the student loses points. This contingent the student loses points. This contingent withdrawal of reinforcers is referred to as . . .withdrawal of reinforcers is referred to as . . .

A. negative reinforcementB. discrimination learningC. response costD. generalization training



The correct answer is C. Response cost refers to the removal or

withdrawal of reinforcing stimuli upon the performance of an undesirable behavior.


A. ModelingB. ShapingC. ExtinctionD. The Premack principle

Q8Q8. Tomas, a student in a first-grade class, . Tomas, a student in a first-grade class, is the only child standing quietly in a bus is the only child standing quietly in a bus line. His teacher asks Tomas to show the line. His teacher asks Tomas to show the other children how to stand quietly in line. other children how to stand quietly in line. Many of the students imitate Tomas’ Many of the students imitate Tomas’ behavior. Which of the following behavior behavior. Which of the following behavior management techniques did the teacher use?management techniques did the teacher use?



The correct answer is A. Modeling is a process by which an

observer learns a response or behavior by watching and imitating the behavior of another.


Q9Q9. As mandated in IDEA, the IEP team must consider . As mandated in IDEA, the IEP team must consider the need for transition services for each student before the need for transition services for each student before she or he leaves school. If it is determined that she or he leaves school. If it is determined that transition services are needed, which of the following transition services are needed, which of the following represents the most critical task for the team involved in represents the most critical task for the team involved in preparing the transition plan?preparing the transition plan?

A. Adopting a transition plan previously drafted by officials of the state department of education, the vocational rehabilitation agency, and the local school district.

B. Getting information regarding post school educational services, community living options, and employment, from adult agency personnel.

C. Providing written information for the family and student to review and suggesting a placement for postsecondary special services.

D. Conducting meetings at which family and student goals are determined, along with personnel responsibilities, information to be collected, a time frame for providing information, and the resources needed to meet each goal.


Q9 -- AnswerQ9 -- AnswerThe best answer is D. Transition to post school life will be most

effective when the goals of the student and his or her family are considered, when all responsible agencies work together to develop a plan for the student, and when specific tasks toward the goals are scheduled, monitored, and completed.


Q10Q10. For a special education teacher, which . For a special education teacher, which of the following is the best example of of the following is the best example of collaborative goal setting?collaborative goal setting?

A. Developing IEP goals with the regular classroom teacher and then presenting the completed goals to the students’ parents

B. Reaching a consensus on goals by consulting with parents and the multidisciplinary team

C. Allowing parents to choose from goals designed by the multidisciplinary team

D. Encouraging students to select goals for IEP inclusion from teacher-approved lists.



The best answer is B,Since collaborative goal setting requires the

sharing of ideas among all those involved with the student – educators, parents, related services providers, etc. It is not appropriate in collaborative goal setting for one person or group to present previously prepared goals to the student or his or her family. There must be collaboration among all concerned to develop appropriate goals for the student.


Special Education: Knowledge-Special Education: Knowledge-Based Core PrinciplesBased Core Principles


Q1. Which of the following techniques is Q1. Which of the following techniques is likely to be most successful in helping likely to be most successful in helping learners with mental retardation to retain learners with mental retardation to retain previously acquired skills?previously acquired skills?

A. Scheduling frequent peer tutoring sessions

B. Acknowledging appropriate behavior regularly

C. Providing periodic review of lessonsD. Allowing longer independent practice

periods.



The best answer is C.Once a skill has been mastered, the teacher can

best assure its retention by providing additional meaningful learning situations in which the student can recall and use the skill.


Q2.Q2. Which of the following is most clearly Which of the following is most clearly an example of a student using inappropriate an example of a student using inappropriate syntax?syntax?A. Saying, “I see football game”

B. Saying, “Wa wa” as a substitute for water

C. Saying, “Me sister shoes new happy”

D. Saying, “He drinked his milk”


Q2 -- AnswerQ2 -- AnswerThe best answer is C;Since using appropriate syntax involves

following rules for the correct arrangement of word sequences.


Q3Q3. . Which of the following Which of the following conditions is frequently conditions is frequently attributable to Trisomy 21?attributable to Trisomy 21?

A. Down syndrome

B. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

C. Klinefelter syndrome

D. Turner syndrome



The correct answer is A.There are several possible causes of

Down syndrome, with the most common being Trisomy 21, the failure of one pair of parental chromosomes to separate at conception.


Q4Q4. According to . According to IDEAIDEA, when parents , when parents and schools disagree over education issues and schools disagree over education issues for a child with a disability, either party for a child with a disability, either party can request a . . .can request a . . .

A. Mediator

B. Due process hearing

C. New teacher for the student

D. Court date



The best answer is B.According to IDEA, either a parent or

the public educational agency may initiate a hearing on the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of a student with a disability.


Q5Q5.. Which of the following placement Which of the following placement practices is required by federal law?practices is required by federal law?

A. Full inclusion

B. Mainstreaming

C. Least restrictive environment

D. Resource room


Q5 -- AnswerQ5 -- AnswerThe correct answer is C. IDEA states that each student must be

placed in the least restrictive environment in which the unique needs of that student can be met. Choice A, B, or D may be the least restrictive environment for a given student, but that must be determined on an individual basis.


Q6Q6. According to. According to IDEAIDEA, , which of the which of the following is a mandated responsibility of the following is a mandated responsibility of the school in servicing a student who has been school in servicing a student who has been identified as having a disability?identified as having a disability?

A. Guaranteeing that the student is placed in a regular classroom in the student’s home school

B. Paying for an independent educational evaluation of the student upon request by the parent

C. Notifying the parent following the placement of the student in a special education program

D. Guaranteeing appropriate access to and confidentiality of the student’s records.



The correct answer is D,As both confidentiality of and access to

students’ records are addressed in IDEA.


Q7Q7. The most useful information for . The most useful information for developing the long-range goals and short-developing the long-range goals and short-term objectives on an IEP is likely to come term objectives on an IEP is likely to come from using the results of which of the from using the results of which of the following types of assessment?following types of assessment?

A. Norm-referenced tests and adaptive behavior scales

B. Criterion-referenced tests and behavioral checklists

C. Norm-referenced tests and language samplesD. Developmental scales and group achievement

tests


Q7 -- AnswerQ7 -- AnswerThe best answer is B. Criterion-referenced tests compare a student’s

performance to a specified level of mastery or achievement. Behavioral checklists may be used to gather various types of information about the student’s current performance in a given area. Both assess specific information about a particular student, and therefore can be useful in developing IEP goals and objectives.


A. Students of all agesB. Students between the ages of 18 and 21C. Students aged 14 to 16 through school

completionD. Students who will graduate from high

school and be placed in a sheltered workshop

Q8Q8. Which of the following best describes . Which of the following best describes the group of special education students for the group of special education students for whom transition plans must be developed whom transition plans must be developed as part of the as part of the IEPIEP process? process?



The correct answer is C, as stated in IDEA.


Q9Q9. An . An IEPIEP must include which of the must include which of the following components?following components?

A. The current level of student performance

B. A record of past student performance

C. A description of the student’s intellectual functioning

D. Suggestions for parental involvement



The correct answer is A, as stated in IDEA.


SpecialSpecial Education: Teaching Education: Teaching Students with Mental RetardationStudents with Mental Retardation


1. After scoring 100% on an oral multiplication 1. After scoring 100% on an oral multiplication test and repeating this performance on a similar test and repeating this performance on a similar paper-and-pencil test, a 12-year-old student with paper-and-pencil test, a 12-year-old student with mental retardation was unable to determine the mental retardation was unable to determine the total cost of purchasing six comic books when the total cost of purchasing six comic books when the price was $3 for one comic book. This student is price was $3 for one comic book. This student is most clearly deficient in which of the following most clearly deficient in which of the following areas?areas?

A. Memory skills B. Computational skills

C. Conceptual skills C. Generalization skills


Q1 --Q1 -- AnswerAnswerThe best answer is D.Poor generalization skills are exhibited

when an individual cannot use a learned skill under conditions different from the learning situation.


Q2. Which of the following statements best Q2. Which of the following statements best explains the increase in the number of children explains the increase in the number of children identified as having mild mental retardation at identified as having mild mental retardation at the time this population reaches school age?the time this population reaches school age?

A. Children with mental retardation tend to exhibit a cognitive slump at about age 6.

B. Mental retardation is easier to detect at this age because emphasis is placed on academic achievement.

C. A label of mild mental retardation cannot legally be given to children before they reach school age.

D. School personnel are generally more eager than parents to find the reasons for children’s learning difficulties.


Q2 -- AnswerQ2 -- AnswerThe best answer is B.Young children with mild mental retardation

often have age-appropriate adaptive behavior and social skills, and therefore perform adequately in the nonacademic situations encountered before school begins. They begin to exhibit problems, however, when the academic demands of the classroom are placed on them.


Q3.Q3. According to the definition used by the According to the definition used by the AAmerican merican AAssociation on ssociation on MMental ental RRetardation etardation ((AAMRAAMR), which of the following is one of the ), which of the following is one of the conditions required before an individual can be conditions required before an individual can be said to have mental retardation?said to have mental retardation?

A. An IQ score below 50B. A known cause of the individual’s conditionC. Deficits in adaptive behaviorD. Deficits in social skills



Of the choices given, C is the only condition specified in the AAMR definition of mental retardation.


Q4.Q4. The most recent conceptual thinking The most recent conceptual thinking related to program delivery options for individuals related to program delivery options for individuals with mental retardation gives the greatest amount with mental retardation gives the greatest amount of emphasis to the…of emphasis to the…

A. development of skills that will promote independence in an institutional setting

B. development of skills that will help with integration into the community

C. mastery of academic skillsD. mastery of computer technology


Q4 -- AnswerQ4 -- AnswerThe best answer is B.Although the process of successful

integration into the community is extremely complex both conceptually and practically, it has been noted by many educators, researchers, and advocacy groups in recent years that it is essential for appropriate programming to occur in school to assure such success for individuals with mental retardation.


Q5.Q5. Using a functional approach is important Using a functional approach is important when designing instruction for students with when designing instruction for students with moderate and severe degrees of mental moderate and severe degrees of mental retardation because this approach…retardation because this approach…A. follows a sequence according to normal child

developmental milestonesB. breaks down the skills to be taught into a series of

discrete behaviors and then sequences those behaviors into the progression in which they occur when performing the skill

C. concentrates on behaviors that are critical to performing a necessary task

D. teaches those skills that occur naturally within a school environment.



The correct answer is CC, since the functional approach emphasizes teaching skills that the students need now or will need in the future.


Q6. Which of the following procedures is Q6. Which of the following procedures is likely to be most effective in teaching basic likely to be most effective in teaching basic arithmetic concepts to students with mental arithmetic concepts to students with mental retardation?retardation?

A. Using manipulatives and pictures for counting and grouping

B. Completing paper-and-pencil drill-and-practice worksheets

C. Using calculators for problem-solvingD. Using flash cards for learning basic

addition and subtraction facts.



The best answer is A, since counting and grouping are two of the basic elements required in learning arithmetic concepts. All children who are learning basic arithmetic concepts are assisted in this effort if manipulatives, pictures, or other concrete representations of the concepts are presented.

04/11/23(0381) Text Questions & Answers79

Professional Assessments Professional Assessments for Beginning Teachers for Beginning Teachers

Special EducationSpecial Education


Q1. Q1. Which of the following is the focus of the Which of the following is the focus of the noncategorical or cross-categorical approach to noncategorical or cross-categorical approach to special education?special education?

A. The use of self-contained special education classes for students with disabilities

B. The differentiation of students’ needs based on their specific disabilities

C. The education of students with disabilities based on their similar characteristics and needs

D. The use of differential diagnosis as a technique for distinguishing among disabilities

E. The application of task-analysis techniques in the instruction of students with severe disabilities.



The best answer is C.Schools or districts that use a noncategorical or

cross-categorical approach to special education generally base that decision on a belief that the etiology of students’ disabilities is not important. Rather, the students’ instructional needs should be assessed, and students with similar needs should receive similar treatment.


Q2.Q2. Which of the following is a factor that impedes Which of the following is a factor that impedes researchers’ attempts to determine with certainty the researchers’ attempts to determine with certainty the prevalence of learning disabilities in the United States?prevalence of learning disabilities in the United States?

A. The absence of any definition of learning disabilities in federal guidelines for special education

B. A general reluctance on the part of educators and diagnosticians to classify students as having learning disabilities

C. The overlap in identification criteria between the classifications of severe learning disabilities and severe emotional disturbance

D. The tendency of school districts to place students identified as having learning disabilities in regular rather than special education classes

E. The lack of a precisely defined cut-off point at which a learning problem requiring remediation becomes a disability requiring special education.


Q2Q2 -- Answer -- AnswerThe best answer is E. Definitions of learning disabilities are often imprecise

in their guidance regarding the point at which a specific learning problem should be classified as a disability, a factor that affects identification of the condition. Choice A is incorrect because the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act defines specific learning disabilities in general terms. B is incorrect; the numbers indicate just the opposite. C is incorrect because identification criteria for these two areas do not present an appreciable problem of overlap. D is irrelevant; placement is not the issue of the question.


Q3Q3. . The total number of children with disabilities The total number of children with disabilities who are served in special education programs has who are served in special education programs has grown at a phenomenal rate since 1975. Which of grown at a phenomenal rate since 1975. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the the following is the most likely reason for the increase?increase?

A. The passage of PL 94-142, which required that the public schools educate all children with disabilities from age three through twenty-one

B. Improved assessment techniques that made it easier to locate and identify children with disabilities

C. An increase in the number of special education teachers trained to serve students with disabilities

D. A general decrease in school enrollment resulting in more space for special education students

E. An increase in federal aid for education



The best answer is A.The Education for All Handicapped Children

Act (PL 94-142), passed in 1975, was the first law to mandate a free and appropriate public education for all children and youth with disabilities. Prior to that time, schools could exclude children they felt were not educable.


Q4Q4. Kevin is a second grader whose grade-. Kevin is a second grader whose grade-equivalent score on a reading test is 5.0. Which equivalent score on a reading test is 5.0. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of of the following is an accurate interpretation of Kevin’s score?Kevin’s score?A. Kevin has the reading skills of the average fifth

grader.B. Kevin can read fifth-grade materials.C. Kevin correctly answered as many questions on the

test as did the average beginning fifth grader.D. Kevin has progressed three years beyond the level at

which he is expected to be reading.E. Kevin has mastered the skills of the reading

curriculum up to the fifth-grade level.


Q4 -- AnswerQ4 -- AnswerThe best answer is C.A grade-equivalent score for an individual

represents the score on the test that is the same as the median, or average, score for all students at that grade level in the norming group. Therefore, if Kevin obtained a grade-equivalent score of 5.0 on a reading test, he correctly answered the same number of questions on the test as did the average beginning fifth grader.


Q5.Q5. Of the following methods of assessment, Of the following methods of assessment,

which is likely to provide thewhich is likely to provide the LEASTLEAST useful useful information for instructional planning?information for instructional planning?

A. Intelligence tests

B. Behavioral checklists

C. Criterion-referenced achievement tests

D. Systematic observations

E. Informal skill inventories



The best answer is A. It has been widely acknowledged in the

field of education that, although intelligence tests may serve several appropriate purposes, they provide teachers with limited useful information. Results of intelligence tests are unlikely to help teachers decide what to teach or how to teach it.


Questions 6 – 8 are based on the Questions 6 – 8 are based on the following information.following information. Michelle, a 19-year-old whose parents are

deceased, has profound mental retardation and lives in a group home. She is bused to a special class by the local school district. Michelle has had frequent, extended absences from school because of her frail physical condition. She is nonambulatory and nonverbal; her vision and hearing are intact. She can communicate a few basic needs by means of a pictorial language board.


Q6Q6. . Which of the following is the Which of the following is the appropriate focus of Michelle’s appropriate focus of Michelle’s individualized education program (individualized education program (IEPIEP)?)?

A. Functional academics

B. Basic academic skills

C. Prevocational skills

D. Self-care skills

E. Oral language


Q6 -- AnswerQ6 -- AnswerThe best answer is D.Because of Michelle’s profound level of

mental retardation and the severe nature of her secondary disabilities, choices A, B, C, and E are not likely to be realistic or useful areas on which to focus. Self-care skills, however, would help Michelle function better both at school and at home.


Q7Q7. Michelle’s . Michelle’s IEPIEP would be expected would be expected to include goals and objectives in all of to include goals and objectives in all of the following the following EXCEPTEXCEPT . . . . . .

A. Recreation

B. Articulation

C. Feeding

D. Toileting

E. Communication


Q7 -- AnswerQ7 -- AnswerThe best answer is B. Michelle, at age nineteen, is still

nonverbal. Therefore, articulation is an inappropriate area for which to include goals and objectives on her IEP.


A. A representative of the state agency for children’s services

B. A court-designated staff member of the group home in which she resides

C. A blood relative willing to assume this responsibility

D. A surrogate parent appointed by the local education agency

E. A member of the local school board where Michelle attends school

Q8Q8. Since Michelle’s parents are deceased, who . Since Michelle’s parents are deceased, who is required to review and approve her is required to review and approve her educational program?educational program?



The best answer is D, as stated in PL 94-142 and subsequent legislation.


Q9Q9. . Which of the following is most important for Which of the following is most important for teachers of students with disabilities to do during teachers of students with disabilities to do during scheduled conferences with parents?scheduled conferences with parents?

A. Use professional terminology when referring to the student’s disability and instructional needs

B. Express agreement with the parents’ opinions about their child’s strengths and weaknesses

C. Use the time in a leisurely, unstructured manner so that issues and concerns will arise spontaneously

D. Determine whether the parents have hidden feelings of frustration regarding their child’s disability

E. Present work samples and other evidences of the student’s skills and discuss ideas for future activities.


Q9 -- AnswerQ9 -- AnswerThe best answer is E. Student work samples and other evidence are useful

for giving parents a concrete representation of their child’s progress, and teachers should include parents in a discussion of educational planning. A would be inappropriate. B is not an especially helpful policy in itself and would be dishonest if agreement did not exist. C is incorrect; a conference should be well-prepared so the time can be used productively. D would be inappropriate.


Q10Q10. A first-grade teacher has established a . A first-grade teacher has established a system in which students earn points by complying system in which students earn points by complying with classroom rules and completing work. The with classroom rules and completing work. The teacher also takes points away fr0m students who teacher also takes points away fr0m students who do not follow rules and do not complete work. do not follow rules and do not complete work. When taking away points, the teacher is using When taking away points, the teacher is using which of the following techniques?which of the following techniques?

A. Negative reinforcementB. OvercorrectionC. Response costD. TimeoutE. Differential reinforcement



The best answer is C. Response cost is a behavior-management

strategy in which a positive reinforcing stimulus (in this case, earned points) is removed following the performance of an undesirable behavior.

04/11/23(0381) Text Questions & Answers101

Educable Mentally Educable Mentally HandicappedHandicapped


Q1. Q1. In relation to cognitive development, most In relation to cognitive development, most five-year-old children are able to:five-year-old children are able to:

A. Use numerical concepts to solve problems.B. Identify abstract similarities and

differences.C. Draw conclusions based on their own

experience.D. Generalize rules from one situation to

another.



The best answer is C. In terms of their cognitive development, five-year-old children

typically exhibit the ability to draw conclusions based on their own experience. The fact that their thinking is often characterized by a number of faulty assumptions and conclusions is more a result of their extremely limited experience than an inability to draw what are to them reasonable conclusions. On the other hand, most five-year-olds are unable to use numerical concepts to solve problems (choice A), identify abstract similarities and differences (choice B), or understand how rules can be generalized from one situation to another (choice D). These cognitive abilities are generally developed by children during middle and later childhood.


Q2.Q2. Piaget’s Theory is based on the premise that Piaget’s Theory is based on the premise that children’s cognitive development depends primarily children’s cognitive development depends primarily upon:upon:

A. The appropriate use of positive and negative reinforcers by parents and other caretakers.

B. Their unconscious drives and motives.C. Their attainment of a biologically based,

sequential series of developmental stages.D. The availability of appropriate role models.


Q2Q2 -- Answer -- Answer The best answer is C. This question requires knowledge of a major theory of human cognitive

development. According to Piagetian theory, intellectual development occurs in a universal sequence of stages, each stage building on cognitive skills attained during previous stages and involving progressively more complex types of thought. The universality of the developmental stages observed by Piaget in children worldwide caused him to hypothesize further that these stages reflect an immutable and biologically based element common to all human populations (choice C). The alternative choices listed all characterize other well-known theories of development. The use of positive and negative reinforcers (choice A) as primary external factors in cognitive development characterizes behaviorist theories of development rather than Piaget’s theory. A child’s unconscious drives and motives (choice B) are the underlying factors in a variety of psychoanalytic approaches that focus on the subconscious as a primary determinant of human development. Finally, the availability of appropriate role models (choice D) is viewed as an important causal factor in social learning theory but not in Piagetian theory.


Q3Q3. . Which of the following cognitive disabilities Which of the following cognitive disabilities is caused by the presence of an extra is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome?chromosome?

A. Tay-Sachs diseaseB. Fragile XC. Down syndromeD. Phenylketonuria (PKU)



The best answer is C. Down syndrome is a cognitive disability caused by a genetic

abnormality involving the presence of an extra twenty-first chromosome (choice C). Although the other conditions listed in the question are also of genetic origin, none is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. Tay-Sachs disease (choice A) is the result of a recessive gene. It causes rapid mental and physical deterioration after birth and typically leads to death during early childhood. Fragile X (choice B) involves an abnormality of the X chromosome that results in mental impairment, particularly in males. Phenylketonuria (PKU) (choice D) is caused by a recessive gene that affects phenylalnin metabolism. If left untreated, PKU can also cause a severe cognitive disability.


Q4Q4. Mr. Bronson’s sixth grade class includes . Mr. Bronson’s sixth grade class includes students from several ethnic minority groups. To students from several ethnic minority groups. To plan an effective classroom management strategy, plan an effective classroom management strategy, it is important for Mr. Bronson to recognize that it is important for Mr. Bronson to recognize that these students:these students:

A. Generally wish to assimilate into the dominant culture.

B. Are likely to be openly hostile to a white male teacher.

C. Will see one another as allies in overcoming discrimination.

D. May form ethnic peer groups that become isolated from another.


Q4 -- AnswerQ4 -- AnswerThe best answer is D. In typical social development, preadolescent children are

likely to form social groups based on perceived similarity (choice D). A teacher wishing to promote ethnic diversity cannot assume that members of various ethnic groups wish to assimilate into the dominant culture (choice A). Students will respond to the teacher on the basis of their previous school and family experiences and will not necessarily be hostile to a whit male teacher (choice B). Because children of this age group tend to form social groups based on obvious similarities, they will not necessarily see one another as allies (choice C) unless they are provided with instruction and structured experiences that help them understand discrimination.

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