LCA study of impact assessment in seven different modes of supply of non-alcoholic beverage

Friday, May 11, 2012Milan

G. Chiellino, F. BalzaneAmbiente S.r.l., 30175, Marghera, Italywww.eambiente.itinfo@eambiente.itf.balzan@eambiente.it

ABOUT US

Gabriella Chiellino is the first woman graduated in Environmental Science in Italy and she founded eAmbiente in the year 2002.

The Company is now a consultancy firm of 30 young graduates for environment and engineering that works in Italy and in Europe.

Environmental assessments and analysis

UNDERSTANDING

DESIGNEnvironmental restoration and

remediation

Environmental management and

control

MANAGE

ABOUT US

WEB www.eambiente.it

WHERE

CONEGLIANO Registered Office

Via Manin, 276 31015

VENEZIAOperations office

VEGA Park - Venice Gateway for Science and Technology

Via delle Industrie, 9 30175

MILANOCommercial office

Via Tiziano, 15 20145

Our presentationPepsiCo

LCA Study

Collecting dataResults

Conclusions

Human Sustainability to feed our consumers with a range of pleasant and healthy products, making the healthier choice of simplicity.

Environment Sustainability to be responsible stewards of the resources of our planet, regenerating natural resources, where possible, and minimizing the environmental impact of our activities.

Talent Sustainability to attract, retain and develop talent on a global scale, taking care of our employees.

GLOBAL STRATEGY: Strategic platform called Performance with Purpose

Three fundamental pillars

eAmbiente and PepsiCo

2009: Start of packaging screening LCA  of CSD (Carbonated Soft Drink) used in Ho.Re.Ca. (Hotel, Restaurants, Cafè)

OBJECTIVE:obtain a quantification of the environmental impact associated with seven different modes of supply of the drink Pepsi considered on their entire life cycle

LCA study has compared these seven typical modes of packaging:2.18 liters of drink in steel drums (Premix);3.18 liters of syrup delivered in steel drums at the store after mixing with water and carbon dioxide (Postmix);4.500 ml of drink in plastic bottles (PET);5.250 ml of drink in glass bottles (VAP);6.330 ml of drink in aluminium cans;7.10 liters of syrup in “bag in box” (BIB) at the store after mixing with water and carbon dioxide (postmix);8.1 liter of drink in returnable glass bottles (VAR).

LCA Study

Phases

Phase Year Action Validation

I July 2009 –

January 2010 Screening study with LCA

methodology

ENEA

department of LCA and eco-

design

IIJuly 2010 –

January 2011

Complete study of LCA usingUNI EN ISO 14040:2006UNI EN ISO14044:2006

DNV

Critical review

• SimaPro Analyst Software 7.1.8

• Collecting primary data directly from the Company

• Secondary data from databases Ecoinvent

• Method of calculation Mid Point CML Baseline and

ECO-INDICATOR

Categories of impact:

• Global warming: an increase in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans;

• Thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere;

• Oxidation photochemistry: photochemical smog;

• Acidification: it is a chemical process, caused by pollution of water and air, through which gaseous substances to the prevailing anthropogenic once suffered transformation into acids, alter the chemical characteristics of ecosystems;

• Eutrophication: means a situation of excessive richness of nutrients in an ecosystem;

• Depletion of abiotic factors: refers to the use of primary non-renewable natural resources.

Processing

The functional unit of study is the supply of a liter of Pepsi served chilled  Allows the comparison of the benefits provided using 7 different kind of packaging.

Functional unit

Our presentationPepsiCo

LCA Study

Collecting dataResults

Conclusions

System boundaries

Our presentationPepsiCo

LCA Study

Collecting dataResults

Conclusions

PepsiLCA

Packaging

Fill the product

Package and transport

Use

Reuse

End of life

Phase of providing raw materials and semifinished

Bag of the

“Bag in Box”

system

size material weightnumber

of pieces

 Drink

packaging10 LT

PE; HDPE / LLDPE/TPE

91,5 gr 250  

           

package components materials number weight (kg)weight of

packaging.  

Package

1 box cardboard 1 1,7 Kg 24,7 Kg               

components materials numberweight (kg)

total weightnumber of pallets for each truck

weight (kg) Pallet

pallet wood 1 10 Kg 405,7 Kg 32 12.983extensible LLPDE 1 0,5 Kg      

box paper 16 24,7 Kg              

origin final destination tot km type of truck

tonnes  Transport

BREDA - OLANDA SCORZE' ( VE)  1240 EURO 3 12.983  

1

Collecting data

“Bag in Box”

finished

size components materialweight final

product  Drink

packaging10 L bag PE 390 gr  

package components material nr weight peso conf.

Package1 box cardboard 1 1,7 Kg 13,1 Kg

  label paper 1      

number of

package for each

pallet

nr BIB for each pallet

components of pallet

materials nr weightweight

of pallet

Pallet60 60 pallet wood 1 20 Kg 806 Kg

    extensible film LLDPE 1 0,245 Kg  

    interlayer paper 4 0,35 Kg  

Phase of making finished product2

Collecting data

Plant

Annual electricity

consumption (kWh)

Consuimption per liter of beverage 

(kwh (lt)

Annual heat consumptionmethane (m3)

Thermal consumption per liter of beverage

(m3/lt)

Thermal consumption

expressed in MJ

PBI SCORZE’ (VE) 438.661 0,04654 118.643 0,01259 0,43551

Consumption per liter of beverage  (kWh / l)Thermal consumption per liter of beverage (m3/lt)

3

Collecting data

Product assembled and filled

Number of pieces per year Total Litres Total liters per plant

Pepsi Premix 18 L 427.874 7.701.732

9.426.470Pepsi Postmix18 L 71.141 1.280.538

Pepsi BIB 10 L 44.420 444.200

Enviromental Class

Travels Numb. % Travels Covered Km

Transported Litre % on total km per travel

Truck-EURO 0 42 0,51 18200 828789,59 0,44 433,33Truck-EURO 1 69 0,84 20285 949122,97 0,51 293,99Truck-EURO 2 1197 14,58 347324 23451822,31 12,57 290,16Truck-EURO 3 4943 60,21 1829352 116929086,6 62,69 370,09Truck-EURO 4 635 7,73 240440 14738542,17 7,9 378,65Truck-EURO 5 1177 14,34 443445 28605635,88 15,34 376,76Van-EURO 3 9 0,11 1635 65053,05 0,03 181,67Van-EURO 4 103 1,25 19455 699726,93 0,38 188,88Van-EURO 5 35 0,43 5900 239003,87 0,13 168,57

        186.506.783 100 

Distribution phase:Transported liters and percentage of total

4

Collecting data

Equipment ModelFountain Postmix Intelliblue 2

   Cooling capacity nelle 24/h Total Consumption per day

LT KWh40 4,2430 4,1120 3,9810 3,85

Use phaseKWh consumed per liter of beverage

5

Disposal phase% of recycling and recovery from national reports.

6

Collecting data

Our presentationPepsiCo

LCA Study

Collecting dataResults

Conclusions

BIBbig volumes, disposable

CANlittle volumes,

disposable, recyclable

Results - NET

Results - NET

STEEL CAN PREMIXbig volumes, reusable

100 times

Results CHARACTERIZATION with CML Baseline

Results NORMALIZATION with CML Baseline

Results CHARACTERIZATION with ECO-Indicator

Results SINGLE POINT with ECO-Indicator

Results - COMPARISON

The LCA study shows that steel cans POSTMIX and BIB are always the most eco-sustainable packaging for all consumption scenarios for a lot of impact categories: the reason is that they use tap water + syrup at the storage point no need of transport.

BIB: large volumes (postmix model) in a little weight.Steel cans POSTIMIX and PREMIX: large volumes and ability to reuse.

CAN, PET bottle and Glass bottles have different performances, always lesser than Steel cans and BIB.

Conclusions

Our presentationPepsiCo

LCA Study

Collecting dataResults

Conclusions

www.eambiente.it

Thank you for your attention