BASIC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Largest – WorldLargest continent ........................................... AsiaLargest ocean ............................................... PacificLargest river .............................................. AmazonLargest river basin ..................................... AmazonLargest lake (salt water) ....................... Caspian seaLargest lake (fresh water) ..........Lake Superior (North

America)Largest artificial lake ..... Lake Mead at Hoover Dam,

(USA). Originally known as Boulder.Largest bay ................ Hudson Bay (North Canada)Largest gulf ..................................... Gulf of MexicoLargest gorge ........................ Grand Canyon (USA)Largest sea .................................... South China seaLargest delta ....... Sundarbans (India & Bangladesh)Largest peninsula ........................................ ArabiaLargest island ......................................... GreenlandLargest country (in area) .............................. RussiaLargest country (in population) ...................... ChinaLargest temple` ................... Angkorwat (Cambodia)Largest archipelago ................................. IndonesiaLargest airport ... King Khalid International Airport at

Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)Largest church ................ St.Peter's Basilica, (Rome)Largest mosque ...... Sha Faisal Mosque (Islamabad)Largest embassy............ Russian Embassy (Beijing)Largest war plane .......................... Mirage (France)Largest prison ............................. Kharkov (Russia)Largest hotel ........... MGM Grand Hotel and Casino,

Las Vegas (USA)Largest desert .................................. Sahara (Africa)Largest forest ........................ Coniferous Forests of

Northern RussiaLargest stadium ................. Strahove (Czech Republic)Largest library .... United States Library of CongressLargest museum .................... American Museum ofNatural History (New York)Largest animal ....................................... Blue whaleLargest land animal ........... The African Bush ElephantLargest democracy ......................................... IndiaLargest electorate ........................................... IndiaLargest town ......................... Mt. Isa (Queensland)

Largest palace ..................... Imperial Palace, BeijingLargest dam ........................... Three Gorges (China)Largest landmass ................The Eurasian LandmassLargest park .. Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada)Largest zoo ...... Krugal National Park (South Africa)Largest river island ......................... Majuli (Assam)Largest inland sea .......................Mediterranean seaLargest canal ........................ Keil Canal in GermanyLargest reef ............... Great Barrier Reef, (Australia)Largest city (population) ................... Tokyo (Japan)Largest estuary..................................... Ob (Russia)Largest cave ........ Mammoth Cave, Kentucky (USA)Largest strait ........................................ Tartar straitLargest wall ......................... The Great Wall (China)Largest cemetery ....................... Leningrad (Russia)Largest railway station ......... Grand Central Terminal

(New York)Largest university building .....................................

University of Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)Largest open university ........ Indira Gandhi NationalOpen University (New Delhi)Largest steel plant ..........Nippon Steel plant (Japan)Largest wingspan ....................................AlbatrossLargest active volcano ............Mauna lao on HawaiiLargest planet ............................................. JupiterLargest bird ................................................. OstrichLargest sea bird .......................................AlbatrossLargest diamond ................................. The CullinanLargest parliament . The National People's Congress

of the People's Republic of ChinaLargest north to south stretch of land ........ AmericaLargest cold desert ........................ Gobi (Mongolia)Largest plateau ................................... Pamir (Tibet)Largest mountain range ..................... The HimalayaLargest statue ............................... Statue of libertyLargest bank .................... World bank (Washington)

Mammoth Cave is the longest cave systemknown in the world. It is situated in USA. Itbecame a World Heritage Site on October 27,

1981, and an international Biosphere Reserve onSeptember 26, 1990. It is centered around theGreen River, with a tributary, the Nolin River,feeding into the Green just inside the park.

Largest army.................................................. ChinaLargest cricket stadium ......... Melbourne (Australia)Largest navy .................................................. USALargest airforce ............................................... USALargest natural satellite ............. Ganymede (Jupiter)Largest port .......................................... New JerseyLargest book publishing company ..........................

Mc Graw Hill (New York)Largest Dome in the World... Astrodome, in Housten

(U.S.A)Largest Epic ........................................ MahabharatLargest carnivorous mammal ................... Polar Bear

Reliant Astrodome is the world's first domedsports stadium, located in Houston, Texas, USA.

It opened in 1965 as Harris County DomedStadium and was nicknamed the"Eighth Wonder of the World".

Abu Dhabi’s leaning TowerThe 160 metreCapital GateTower, developedby the Abu DhabiNational ExhibitionCompany hasbeen recognized asthe ‘furthest leaning‘man madetower’in the worldby Guinness worldrecords. The towerleans at 18 degreesover four times theangle of Italy’s fa-mous LeaningTower of Pisa.

SMALLEST – WorldSmallest continent .................................... AustraliaSmallest ocean .............................................. ArcticSmallest republic ........................................... NauruSmallest colony ......................................... GibraltarSmallest state .............................................. VaticanSmallest landmass ...............The Australian MainlandSmallest bird ..................................... Humming birdSmallest flowering plant ................................ WolfiaSmallest planet ..........................................MercuryWorld's Smallest Museum .................... Arizona, USWorld's Smallest PC ............................. Space Cube

HIGHEST – World

Highest mountain peak - Mt. Everest (Nepal)Highest mountain - HimalayaHighest lake - Titicaca (Bolivia)Highest plateau - TibetHighest continent - AntarticaHighest waterfall - Angel Falls, (Venezuela)Highest active volcano - Guayathiri (Chile)Highest capital city - La Paz (Bolivia)Highest town - Wenchuan (Tibet)Highest volcano - Cotopaxy (Ecuador)Highest airport - Lhasa Airport (Tibet)Highest railway station - Condor Station (Bolivia)Highest river bridge - Royal Gorge (Colorado)Highest road bridge - Bailey bridge built by the

Indian Army atKhardungla (Ladakh)

Highest railway - Qinghai - Tibet (5072m)Highest Bridge - Milau (France) 2.46 km)

LONGEST – WorldLongest river - Nile (Egypt)Longest road - Pan American HighwayLongest railway platform - Kharagpur, (West Ben-

gal)Longest dam - Hirakud (Orissa)Longest mountain range - Andes (South America)Longest railway tunnel - Seikan Rail Tunnel (Ja-

pan)Longest railway line - Trans-Siberian Railway

(Russia)Longest ship canal - Suez CanalLongest estuary - Obeestuary (Russia)Longest road tunnel - St. Gothard Road Tunnel

(Switzerland)Longest bridge - Second Lake Pontchar-

train Causeway

MISCELLANEOUS – WorldFastest land animal .................................... CheetahOldest national flag ................................... DenmarkFastest bird .................................................... SwiftShortest river ........ Roe river in Montana (61 m long)Lowest point on earth .............................. Dead SeaMost densely populated province ............ MonaccoLeast populous city .....................................VaticanThe oldest plant ............................................. RoseThe oldest capital city............................. DamascusMost poisonous fish .............................. Puffer fishColdest place ............................ Vostok,(Antarctica)Hottest planet ............................................... VenusStrongest natural fibre ...................................... SilkLowest temperature ............. Absolute Zero (-273oC)Widest Bridge..................... Sydney Harbour BridgeBusiest airport Chicago O'Hare International Airport

TALLEST – World

Tallest fountain ................... Fountain Hills, ArizonaTallest free standing structure (tower) .... CN Tower,

Toronto (Canada)Tallest active geyser ................. Steam boat GeyserYellowstone National Park, (USA)Tallest building ..................... Burj Khalifa in Dubai.Tallest tree ................................The Redwood TreeTallest animal ............................................... GiraffeTallest road.... Khardungla Pass (Leh Manali, India)Tallest office building .............. Petronas Twin Tower

(Kualalumpur, Malaysia)Tallest bridge ...... Royal Gorge Arkansas, America)Tallest Statue ........... Statue of Motherland (USSR)Tallest Minaret ...... Sultan Hassan Mosque (Egypt)Tallest Railwayline .......... Quin - Hai - Tibet (China)

BIGGEST –WorldBiggest dome ........................... Gol Gumbaz (India)

Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of Mohammed AdilShah (1627-55) of the Adil Shahi dynasty who ruled

the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1490 to 1686.

Biggest library .................. National Kie Library (CIS)Biggest palace ..................................Vatican (Italy)Biggest desert ................................ Sahara (Africa)

DEEPEST – WorldDeepest ocean ................................... Pacific OceanDeepest lake ........................... Lake Baikal, (Siberia)Deepest gorge ....................... Hell’s Canyon, (USA)Deepest point in the ocean ........ Challenger deep of

Mariana Trench in Pacific Ocean

Longest fresh water lake - Lake TanganyikaLongest epic - MahabharathaLongest wall - Great Wall of ChinaLongest non-stop train - Flying ScotsmanLongest drought - Atacama Desert (North

Chile)Longest snake - PythonLongest dictionary - Oxford English DictionaryLongest Airport - Dallas (USA)Longest Railway Bridge – Lower Zambezi (Africa)Longest Throughfare – Broadway (New York)Longest Shipping Canal – Baltic White Sea CanalLongest day – June 21Longest Beach – Rio de Janerio (Brazil)Longest Corridor – Rameswaram Temple

(India)Longest Railway Line – Trans - Siberian RailwayLongest Swimming Canal – English Canal

Biggest reptile ......................... Saltwater CrocodileBiggest lizard ..............................Komodo DragonsBiggest bird ................................... African OstrichBiggest eggs ..................................... Ostrich EggsBiggest flower ......................................... Rafflesia.

The Ostrich, Struthio camelus, is a large flightlessbird native to Africa. The Ostrich is the

largest living species of birdBiggest planet ............................................ JupiterBiggest passenger ship .............. Queen Elizebeth IIBiggest diamond mine...... Kimberley (South Africa)Biggest car manufacturer ............... General Motors

(Detroit, America)Irrigation scheme .............. Llyod barraye (Pakistan)Island .......... Greenland (Renamed Kalaallit Nunnat)Water fall ..........................................Guaira (Brazil)Hotel ............................................... Conrad HiltonBiggest Park ................. Yellow stone National ParkBiggest Auditorium .............. Municipal Auditorium

at Atlantic CityBiggest football stadium ............. Marakana (Brazil)

Island continents ............... Antarctica and AustraliaLowest mountains ........................... Bheinna BhaileHottest region .... North-West Sahara, Azisia (Libya)Fastest planet ............................................ MercuryColdest planet ........................................... NeptuneWidest Waterfall .................................. Khone FallsOldest Religion ........................................ Hinduism

FIRST in World

The first persons to reach Mount Everest –– Sherpa Tenzing, Edmund Hillary

The first person to reach North Pole– Robert Peary

The first person to reach South Pole– Amundsen

The first religion of the world – Hinduism The first country to print book – China The first country to issue paper currency –

China The first country to commence competitive

examination in civil services – China The first President of the U.S.A

– George Washington The first Prime Minister of Britain – Robert

Walpole The first Governor General of the United Nations

– Trigveli (Norway) The first country to prepare a constitution –

U.S.A The first Governor General of Pakistan

– Mohd. Ali Jinnah The first country to host NAM summit

– Belgrade (Yugoslavia) The first European to attack India

– Alexander, The Great The first European to reach China

– Marco Polo The first person to fly aeroplane

– Wright Brothers The first person to sail round the world

– Magellan

The first country to send man to the moon– U.S.A

The first country to launch Artificial satellite inthe space – Russia

The first country to host the modern Olympics– Greece

First human in space - Yuri Gagarin (Russia) The first city on which the atom bomb was

dropped – Hiroshima (Japan) The first person to land on the moon Neil

Armstrong followed by– Edwin E. Aldrin

The first shuttle to go in space – Columbia The first spacecraft to reach on Mars – Viking-I The first woman Prime Minister of England

– Margaret Thatcher The first Muslim Prime Minister of a country

– Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan) The first woman to climb Mount Everest

– Mrs. Junko Tabei (Japan) The first woman cosmonaut of the world

– Valentina Tereshkova (Russia) The first woman President of the U.N. General

Assembly– Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

The first batsman to score three test century inthree successive tests on debut– Mohd. Azharuddin

The first man to have climbed Mount Everesttwice– Nawang Gombu

Slowest animal ................................................ SnailHeaviest Rainfall ....................... Mawsynram (India)Driest place ....................... Death valley (California)Hottest place ..................................... Azizia (Libya)Furthest planet (from the sun) ....................NeptuneShortest day ....................................... December 22

The first U.S. President to resign Presidency– Richard Nixon

Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong The first woman to climb Mount Everest – Junko

Taibei The first European to visit China – Marco Polo Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov The first woman Prime Minister of a country

– Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike The first woman President of a country

– Maria Estela Peron The first woman to Command a Space Mission

Colonel– Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)

First talkie movie in the world – “The jazzSinger” (1927).

The first residents of International Space station– Bill Shepherd (USA), Yuri Gidzanko and SergeiKrikalev (Russia)

The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest– Erik Weihenmayer (USA, May 25, 2001)

The first Muslim woman to become the SecretaryGeneral of Amnesty International– lrine Zubeida Khan

The first space astronaut to go into space seventimes till date– Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)

The first South African to become the secondspace tourist– Mark Shuttleworth

The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea– Ms. Chang Sang

The first youngest grandmaster of the world inchess– Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)

The first adventurer flying successfully acrossthe English Channel without aircraft– Felix Baumgartner (July 2003)

China's first man in space– Yang Liwei

The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize– Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)

The woman with the highest individual Testscore making a new world record– Kiran Baloch (Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242runs playing women's cricket test against WestIndies in Karachi in March, 2004)

The first woman of the world to climb Mt.Everest four times– Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)

The first woman to cross seven important seasof the world by swimming– Bula Chaudhury (India)

First Asian city to host Olympics– Tokyo, Japan (1964)

First woman black tennis player to win a singlestitle at Wimbledon– A Gibson (1957)

First woman to win a Grand Slam– Maureen Catherine (195 3)

First woman to win an Olympic Gold Medal – Charlotte Cooper, UK, Tennis singles (1900)

First professional woman bullfighter– Patricia Mccormick (1952)

First man to fly solo non stop across the Atlantic– Charles Lindbergh (1927)

First person to cross Antarctic Circle – James Cook (1773)

First people to reach the North Pole– Lt Col. Joseph O. Fletcher and Lt. William P. Benedict (1952)

First person to conquer the Everest twice– Nawang Gombu Sherpa(1965)

First person with only one arm to climb theEverest– American Gary Guller(2003)

First woman to fly solo around the world– jerrie Fredritz Mock.(1964)

First woman to fly solo across the EnglishChannel– Hariiet Quimby

First ascent of Everest without bottled oxygen – Peter Habeler (Austria) and ReinholdMessner, (Italy) (1978)

First woman to set foot on North Pole– Ann Bancroft, USA (1986)– Jointly developed by Sony and Philips (1978)

First Atom Bomb– “Little Boy” dropped over Hiroshima by theUS during the second world war (1945)

First manned space vehicle– Vostok 1,USSR (1961)

First human to walk on the Moon – Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11(1969)

First human to walk in space– Alexei Arkhovich Leonov (1965)

GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIESDISCOVERER DISCOVERYChristopher Columbus (Italian) ................... AmericaVasco da Gama (Portuguese) ...... Sea route to India

John Cabot (British) ....................... New foundlandPedro Alvarez Cabral (Portuguese) ................. BrazilTasman (Dutch) Island of Tasmania & New ZealandCaptian Cook (British) . Sandwich (Hawaiin) IslandsRobert Peary (USA) ............................... North PoleAmundsun (Norway) ............................. South PoleFerdinand de Lesseps (Designed) .......... Suez Canal

David Livingstone (British) ................ Victoria FallsBartholomew Diaz (Portuguese) ....... Cape of Good HopeNorseman Eric ........................................... GreenlandLeif Ericsson ....................................... North AmericaMungo park ............................... Nigeria river in AfricaRichard Francis Burton ..................... Lake TanganyikaHenry Hudson ....................................... Hudson BayGobot Sebastian ................................ New Foundland

Marco Polo ..................................................... ChinaKepler .......................................................... Planets

RIVERSIDE CITIES &COUNTRIES

City River Country

Alexandria Nile Egypt Brussels Seine Belgium Chittagong Karnaphuli Bangladesh Glasgow Clyde Scotland Khartoum Nile Sudan Lisbon Tagus Portugal Liverpool Mersey England Shanghai Yangtze-Kiang China Berlin Spree Germany Bonn Rhine Germany Amsterdam Amsel Netherlands Baghdad Tigris Iraq Bangkok Menam Thailand Belgrade Danube Serbia London Thames England Montreal Ottawa Canada Moscow Moskva Russia Budapest Danube Hungary Colombo Kaliganga Sri Lanka Cairo Nile Egypt Karachi Indus Pakistan Lahore Ravi Pakistan New York Hudson USA Paris Seine France Yangoon Irawadi Myanmar Rome Tiber Italy Tokyo Sumida Japan Vienna Danube Austria Warsaw Vistula Poland Washington Potamac U.S.A. Basra Eupharates

and Tigris Iraq Bristol Avon England Cologne Rhine Germany Dublin Liphi Ireland Hamburg Elbe Germany Philadelphia Delawara America Prague Vitava Czechoslovakia Quebec St. Lawrence Canada Stalingrad Volga Russia

NATIONAL EMBLEMSEMBLEM ............................................. COUNTRYKangaroo ................................................ AustraliaWater Lilly .......................................... BangladeshWhite Lilly ........................................ Canada, ItalyBeach ....................................................... DenmarkLily ............................................................. FranceCorn Flower ............................................. GermanyLioned Capital ................................................ IndiaLion ..................................... Sri lanka, Sierra LeoneRose ......................................................... UK, IranShamrock .................................................... IrelandWhite Lilly ...................................................... ItalyChrysanthemum ............................................ JapanKiwi .................................................. New ZealandCrescent .................................................... PakistanEagle ............................................................. SpainElephant .............................................. Ivory CoastLion with Crown ..................................LuxembourgGolden Rod ................................................... U.S.ASecretary Bird............................................... SudanBauhinia (orchid tree) .......................... Hong KongBaobab tree ................................................ SenegalLion .......................... Netherland, Norway, BelgiumCrescent and Star ........................................ TurkeyCedar tree ................................................ LebanonThe Soyombo.......................................... Mongolia

SOBRIQUETSWorldBritain of the East : JapanBritain of the South : New ZealandBattle field of Europe : BelgiumCity of Cycles : BeijingCity of Dreaming Spires : OxfordCity of Eternal Springs : Quito (Ecuador)City of Sky Scrappers : NewYorkCity of Magnificent Distances : Washington D.CCity of Golden Gate : San Francisco

(U.S.A)City of Seven Hills : Rome (Italy)Cockpit of Europe : BelgiumCopper Country : ZambiaDark Continent : AfricaEmpire City : New York (U.S.A)Emerald Island : Ireland

Eternal City : Rome, ItalyForbidden City : Lhasa, TibetGateway of Tears : Strait of Bab-el

MandebGarden of England : KentGeorge Cross Island : MaltaGranite City : Aberdeen

(Scotland)Herring Pond : Atlantic OceanHill Queen : ShimlaHoly Land : PalestineHermit Kingdom : KoreaIsland of Pearls : BahrainIsland of Cloves : MadagascarKey to the Mediterranean : GibraltarLand of Eagles : AlbaniaLand of Golden Fleece : AustraliaLand of Kangaroo : AustraliaLand of Lilies : CanadaLand of Golden Pagoda : MyanmarLand of Maple : CanadaLand of Thousand Lakes : FinlandLand of Morning Calm : KoreaLand of Rising Sun : JapanLand of Setting Sun : BritainLand of Midnight Sun : NorwayLand of Lakes : ScotlandLand of the Tulips : NetherlandsLand of White Elephant : ThailandLand of Thunder Bolt : BhutanLand of Thousand Elephants : LaosManchester of the Orient : OsakaNever, Never Land : Prairies,

N. AustraliaLand of Thunder Dragon : ChinaNation of Thousand Hills : RwandaPearl of Arabia : BahrainPearl of Antilles : CubaPillars of Hercules : Strait of GibraltarPlayground of Europe : SwitzerlandQuaker City of USA : Philadelphia,USAQueen of the Adriatic : Venice, ItalyRoof of the World : PamirsSorrow of China : River Huang HoSickman of Europe : Turkey

Sugar Bowl of World : CubaVenice of the North : Stockholm,

SwedenWhite City : BelgradeWindy City : ChicagoWorld’s Bread Basket : Paris of N. AmericaIsland of fire : IcelandLand of windmills : PollandLand of Perpetual Greenary : NatalWorld Loneliest island : Tristanda Cunha

COUNTRIES AND CURRENCIESBrazil ................................................ :Cruzeiro RealBulgaria ......................................................... : LevBelgium ......................................................... EuroChina ........................................... : Yuan/RenminbiColumbia ..................................................... : PesoCuba ........................................................... : PesoCosta Rica ................................................... ColonCroatia ......................................................... KunaCyprus ........................................... Cyprus poundCzech Republic .......................................... KorunaDenmark .................................................... : KroneEgypt ......................................... : Egyptian PoundAfghanistan ........................................... : AfghaniArgentina .................................................... : PesoAustralia ................................... : Australian DollarBahrain ....................................................... : DinarBangladesh .................................................. : TakaBhutan ................................................. : NgultrumHungary ..................................................... : ForintIran .............................................................. : RialSwitzerland....................................... : Swiss FrancThailand ....................................................... : BhatU.K. ............................................. : Pound SterlingU.S.A. ........................................................ : DollarNorway ....................................................... KroneVatican City State .......................................... : LiraIraq .................................................... : Iraqi DinarIsrael ......................................................... : ShekelJapan ............................................................ : YenKazakhstan ............................................... : TengeKorea .......................................................... : WonKuwait ........................................... : Kuwaiti DinarMalaysia ................................................. : RinggitMexico ........................................................ : Peso

Myanmar ..................................................... : KyatRussia ...................................................... : RoubleSaudi Arabia ................................................ : RiyalVietnam ...................................................... : DongMongolia .................................................. : TugrikAlgeria ............................................. Algeria DinarAngola .............................................. New KwanzaArmenia ........................................................ DramAzerbaijan ................................................... ManatAustria .................................................... SchillingBahrain ........................................................ DinarGeorgia ........................................................... LariGhana ............................................................ CediIndonesia ................................................... Rupiah16 European Countries with Eura as currency are:Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, theNetherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

COUNTRIES AND THEIRPARLIAMENT

Afganistan : ShoraAustralia : Federal ParliamentBangladesh : Jatiya SangsadBhutan : Tshogdu (National Assembly)Britain : Parliament (Commons & Lords)China : National People’s CongressDenmark : FolketingFrance : National AssemblyHungary : National AssemblyIceland : AlthingIndia : Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya

Sabha)Iran : MajlisIraq : National AssemblyIsrael : KnessetJapan : DietKuwait : National AssemblyLibya : General People’s CongressMaldives : MajlisMyanmar : People’s AssemblyNepal : National PanchayatNetherlands : States GeneralPoland : SejmRussia : State Duma

South Africa : House of AssemblySweden : RiksdagSwitzerland : Federal AssemblyGermany : BundestagAfganistan : ShoraAlgeria : National Peoples AssemblyAustralia : House of representative of senateCuba : National Assembly of people powerEgypt : People’s AssemblyGreenland : LandstraadNorway : SterlingPakistan : National AssemblyUSA : CongressSrilanka : National StateSudan : National AssemblySyria : People CouncilUSA: CongressVietnam : National Assembly

NEW AND OLD NAMES OFPLACES, COUNTRIES

New Name ........................................... Old NameAnkara ..................................................... AngoraBanjail .................................................... BathurstBengalooru........................................... BangaloreBeijing ....................................................... PekingBelize ......................................... British HondurasBangladesh ..................................... East PakistanBotswana ..................................... Bechuana Land

Burkino Faso ...................................... Upper VoltaCape Kennedy.............................. Cape CaneveralCambodia ........................................... KampuchiaDjibouti .................................... French SomalilandEthiopia ................................................ AbyssiniaGhana ................................................. Gold CoastGuyana ........................................... British GuiniaGuianea Bissau ...................... Portuguese Gayana.Harare .................................................. SalisburryHawaiin Islands ......................... Sandwich IslandsIndonesia ............................ The Dutch East IndiaIran ............................................................ PersiaIraq ................................................. MesopotamiaIstanbul ........................................ ConstantinopleJakartha .................................................... BataviaJapan ....................................................... NipponKinshasa ........................................... LeopoldvilleKiribati ............................................ Gilbert IslandLaos ........................................................ LanxangLesotho............................................... BasitolandMexico ................................................ New SpainMalavi ................................................. NyasalandMali ............................................... French SudanMalaysia .................................................. MalayaMalabo ............................................. Santa IsabetMadhya Pradesh ........................ Central ProvinceManchuria ........................................... ManchukoMyanmar .................................................... BurmaMosambique ......................... Potuguese East AfricaMumbai ................................................... BombayNamibia .................................... South West AfricaNauru ........................................... Pleasant IslandOrissa ...................................................... KalingaPapua New Guinea ...... Trust Territory of New GuineaPortuguese ............................................. LucitaniaSri Lanka ................................................... CeylonSt. Petersburg ....................................... LeningradSurinam .......................................... Dutch GayanaTaiwan ................................................... FormosaTasmani .................................. Van Diemen’s LandThailand ....................................................... SiamTogo ..................................................... TogolandTuvalu ...................................... The Ellice IslandsVaranasi .................................................. Banares

National Flowers

Canada ........................................... Maple leaf

India ..................................................... Lotus

Scotland ............................................... Thistle

Spain .......................................... Pomegranate

Australia .........................................Gold Vatle

China .............................................. Narsissas

Russia ............................................. Sunflower

Bangladesh ................................... Water Lilly

France ...................................................... Lilly

Germany...................................... Corn Flower

Ireland ............................................. Shamrock

Japan ....................................Chrysanthemum

USA ............................................Golden Rose

UK ......................................................... Rose

Volgograd ............................................. StalingradZaire ......................................................... CongoZambia .................................... Northern RhodesiaZimbabwe.............................................. Rhodesia

india

HIGHESTHighest peak - Mt. K2 (Godwin Austin)Highest water falls - Jog falls (Karnataka)Highest gate way - Buland Darwaza

(Fathepur sikri)Highest literacy among state - KeralaHighest tower - QutabminarHighest dam - Bhakra Dam (Punjab)Highest multiple arch dam

- Idukki (Kerala)

LARGEST

Largest populated city - MumbaiLargest fresh water lake - Kolleru

(Andhra Pradesh)Largest salt water lake - Chilka (Orissa)Largest state - RajasthanLargest populated state - Uttar PradeshLargest museum - Indian museum (Kolkata)Largest zoo - Zoological Garden (Kolkata)Largest dome - Gol Gumbaz (Karnataka)Largest mosque - Jama Masjid (New Delhi)Largest desert - Thar (Rajasthan)Largest river Island - Majuli (Brahmaputra)Largest monastery - Tawang monastery

(Arunachal Pradesh)Largest cave temple - Ellora (Maharashtra)Largest animal fair - Sonepur fair (Bihar)Largest plateau - Deccan plateauLargest river in South India - GodavariLargest prison - Puzhal Jail (Chennai)Largest planetarium - Birla planetarium

(Kolkata)Largest G.P.O - Mumbai G.P.OLargest church - St. Cathedral (Old Goa)Largest cinema theatre - Thangam Theatre

Largest exhibition ground - Pragati Maidan (NewDelhi)

Largest arch dam - Idukki dam (Kerala)Largest library - National library

(Kolkata)Largest aircraft carrier - INS ViraatLargest landing ship - INS MagrarLargest union territory - Andaman Nicobar

IslandsLargest gurudwara - Golden Temple

(Amritsar)Largest residence - Rashtrapati BhavanLargest river Barrage - Farakka BarrageLargest open university - Indira Gandhi Open

University (New Delhi)Largest Ocean Island - Middle Andaman

LONGEST

Longest Canal - Indira Gandhi canalLongest River - GangaLongest Tunnel - Kharbude

(Konkan Railway)Longest Dam - Hirakud (Orissa)Longest National Highway- N.H. 7Longest Railway platform - Kharagpur (West

Bengal)Longest Corridor - Rameswaram Temple

corridorLongest Hanging bridge - Howra bridgeLongest Train Service - Himasagar expressLongest Bridge - Anna Indira(Rameswaram

to Mandap)Longest Glacier - Siachen GlacierLongest River bridge - Mahatma Gandhi Sethu

SMALLESTSmallest state (Area) - GoaSmallest state (population) - SikkimSmallest state (forest area) - HaryanaSmallest Union Territory - Lakshadweep

Miscellaneous (India)

Biggest hotel .............. Oberoi - Sheraton (Mumbai)Highest statue ........................ Gomateswara Statue

WORLDLight of the world : JesusPrince of Pilgrimage : Huien TsangThe Wizard of Menlopark: EdisonRascal monk : RasputinGood Shepherd : Jesus ChristApostle of Free Trade : Richard CobdenKing of Rock & Roll : Elvis PresleyColumbus of Space : Neil ArmstrongMaster of Suspense : Alfred HitchcockSecond Duke : Benitto MussoliniIron Duke : Duke of Wellington

PERSONS WITH POPULAR NAMES

Highest award (civilian) ..................... Bharat RatnaHighest Gallantry award ............... Param vir chakraMost literate state ........................................ KeralaLeast literate state ..........................................BiharMost densely populated state ............ West BengalLeast densely populated state ...Arunachal PradeshMost populated city ................................. MumbaiBusiest bridge ............................. Howra (Calcutta)Oldest Refinery.............................. Digboi (Assam)Most literate Union Territory............. LakshadweepFastest Train ............................... Shatabdi expressLeast populated Union Territory........ Lakshadweep

SOBRIQUETSIndia

All Seasons State : Himachal PradeshBlue Mountains : NilgiriCity of Palaces : CalcuttaCity of Golden Temple : AmritsarGarden City of India : BangaloreGateway of India : MumbaiGranary of India : PunjabLand of Five Rivers : PunjabPearl of the Orient : GoaPink City : Jaipur

Lake City : UdaipurSwitzerland of India : KashmirParadise on Earth : KashmirMini-Switzerland in India : Khajjar (Himachal

Pradesh)Sorrow of Bengal : River DamodarSorrow of Bihar : River KosiSorrow of Assam : BrahmaputraSpice Garden of India : KeralaSugar Bowl of India : Uttar PradeshTea Garden of India : AssamDetroit of India : PitampurLand of Sunrise in India : Arunachal

PradeshHi-Tech City : HyderabadManchester of South India : CoimbatoreManchestor of India : AhamadabadMini Switzerland : Himachal PradeshCity of orange : NagpurWeavers city of India : PanipatSilicon vally of India : BangloreClouds of house : MegalayaGods own land of India : KeralaCity of Padala : JaipurHolly wood of India : MumbaiSilent Share : HadakhPerly East : Goa

Poet’s Poet : Edmund SpenserDesert Fox : Erwin RommelLady with the Lamp : Florence NightingaleG.B.S : George Bernard ShawLittle Corporal : Napoleon BonaparteMaid of Orleans : Joan of ArcFuhrer (also Fuehrer) : Adolf HitlerMan of Blood and Iron : Otto von BismarckMaiden Queen : Queen Elizabeth IBard of Avon : William ShakespeareGrand Old Man of Britain : GladstoneAmerican Gandhi : Martin Luther King

The Daughter of East : Benazir BhuttoIron Butterfly : Margaret ThatcherIron Lady : Margaret ThatcherAfrican Gandhi : Dr. Kenneth Kaunda

INDIAPrince of Beggars : Madan Mohan MalaviyaBengali Tiger : Bipin Chandra PalMaratha Kesari : Bal Gangadhar TilakPunjab Lion : Lala Lajpat RaiSage of Sabarmati : Mahatma GandhiIndian Machiavelli : ChanakyaIndian Napoleon : SamudraguptaLeopard of the Snow : Ang RitaIndian Bismarck : Sardar Vallabhai PatelLight of Asia : BuddhaLokmanya : Bal Gangadhar TilakLoknayak : Jayaprakash NarayanJ.P : Jayaprakash NarayanC.R. : C. RajagopalachariRajaji : C. RajagopalachariDeenabandhu : C.F. AndrewsDeshabandhu : C.R. DasGrand Old Man of India : Dadabhai NaorojiMahamana : Madan Mohan

MalaviyaMahatma : GandhijiBapu : GandhijiGurudev : Rabindranath TagoreGuruji : GolwalkarIron Lady of India : Indira GandhiPriyadarshini : Indira GandhiBarefooted painter : M.F. HussainKipper : K.M. CariappaIndian Shakespeare : KalidasaBadshah Khan : Khan Abdul Ghaffar KhanFrontier Gandhi : Khan Abdul Ghaffar KhanFaker-e-Afghan : Khan Abdul Ghaffar KhanNetaji : Subash Chandra BosePrince of Patriots : Subash Chandra BoseBirdman of India : Salim AliNightingale of India : Sarojini NaiduLion of Kashmir : Sheikh MohammedT.T.K. : T.T. KrishnamachariAndhra Kesari : Tangutri PrakasamGrand Old Man of Indian-Journalism : Tushar Kanti Ghosh

Acharya : Vinobha BhaveSage of Paunar : Vinobha BhaveMan of Peace : Lal Bahadur ShastriBabuji : Jagjeevan RamLittle Master : Sunil GavaskarFlying Sikh : Milkha SinghMysore Tiger : Tippu SultanSage of Kanchi : SankaracharyaSaint of Gutters : Mother TheresaMan of the Masses : K. KamarajGolden Girl of Indian Athletics: P.T. UshaAnna : C.N. AnnaduraiAkbar of Kashmir : Zian-ul-AbideenKuvembu : K.V. PuttappaRani of Jhansi : LakshmibaiShahid : Bhagat SinghKathal Mannan : Gemini GanesanNatikar Tilakam : Sivaji GanesanChachaji : Jawaharlal NehruSher-e-Punjab : Ranjit SinghPunjab Kesari : Lala Lajpat RaiMilkman of India : Varghese Kurian

KERALABharat Kesari : Mannathu PadmanabhanBeypore Sultan : Vaikam Mohammed BashirMayyazhi Gandhi : K.P. Kumaran MasterKerala Simham : Pazhassi RajaSwadeshabhimani : Ramakrishna PillaiPulayaraja : AyyankaliValiya Diwanji : Raja KeshavadasKerala Kalidasa : Kerala Varma Valiya

KoyithampuranKerala Panini : A.R. Rajaraja VarmaKerala Vyasa : Kodungalloor

Kunhikuttan ThampuranKerala Chaucer : ChiramakaviKerala Orphuse : Changampuzha Krishna

PillaiKerala Gandhi : K. KelappanKerala Valmiki : Vallathol Narayana MenonKerala Scott : C.V. Raman Pillai

WORLD INSTITUTIONS ANDTHEIR FOUNDERS

United Nations : Joseph Stalin (USSR), Winston Churchill (UK)and Franklin DelanoRoosevelt (USA)

Red Cross : Jean-Henri DunantBoy Scouts : Baden PowellY.M.C.A. : Sir George WilliamsKindergarten : FroebelLion’s Club : Melvin JohnSalvation Army : William BoothNursing System : Florence NightingaleFascism : Benito MussoliniProtestant Religion : Martin LutherNazism : Adolf HitlerMontessori System : Maria MontessoriCubism : Pablo PicassoAmnesty International : Peter Berenson

Kerala Ibsen : N. Krishna PillaiKerala Mauppasant : Thakazhi Sivasankara

PillaiKerala Thulasidas : Vennikulam Gopala KurupKerala Hemmingway : M.T. Vasudevan NairKesari : A. Balakrishna PillaiDeshabhimani : Ramakrishna PillaiSahitya Panchanan : P.K. Narayana Pillai

FAMOUS FATHERSWorld

Father of Psychology.................. Sigmund FreudFather of Cloning ............................... Ian WilmutFather of Printing .............................. GuttenbergFather of History ............................... HerodotusFather of Economics ........................ Adam SmithFather of Philosophy ............................ SocratesFather of Sociology ................. Augustus ComteFather of English Poetry .......... Geoffrey ChaucerFather of Biology.................................. AristotleFather of Essay................................. MontaigneFather of Medicine .......................... HippocratesFather of Homeopathy .............. Samuel HanimanFather of Socialism ......................... Robert OwenFather of Scientific Socialism ................. Karl MarxFather of Co-operation ................... Robert OwenFather of Jurisprudence .................. John LockeFather of Atom Bomb .......................... Otto HahnFather of Genetics ........................ Gregor MendelFather of Motor Car ......................... Henry FordFather of Reformation ................... Martin LutherFather of Greek Democracy .............. ClesthenesFather of Bangladesh . Sheikh Mujibur RehmanFather of Pakistan ............. Muhammed Ali JinnahFather of Tanzania ......................... Julius NyrereFather of Mathematics ...................... PythagorusFather of Modern Cartoon ........ William HogarthFather of Modern Computer .......... Charles BabbageFather of Nuclear Physics ...... : Ernest RutherfordFather of Modern Drama ............. Henrik J. IbsenFather of Modern Tourism ............ Thomas CookFather of Painting .................. Leonardo Da VinciFather of Green Revolution ........ Norman BorlaugFather of Renaissance ............................ Petrarch

INDIAFather of the Nation ...................Mahatma GandhiFather of Ayurveda ................................ AthreyaFather of Astronomy....................... VarahamihiraFather of Sanskrit Drama ....................... KalidasaFather of Indian Renaissance . Raja Ram Mohan RoyFather of Surgery.................................... SusrutaFather of Indian Unrest ............ .Bal Gangadhar TilakFather of Indian Budget ........ Professor MahalanobisFather of Indian Painting ............... Nandalal BoseFather of Indian Cinema .............. Dada Saheb PhalkeFather of Indian Engineering ............ M.VisweswariahFather of Indian Green Revolution ..........................

Dr. M.S. SwaminathanFather of Indian Railway ............. Lord DalhousieFather of Co-operative Movement in India ..........

Frederic NicholsonFather of Indian Printing ................ James HickeyFather of Local Self Government in India ... Lord Ripon

KERALAFather of Malayalam Language ........ EzhuthachanFather of Modern Travancore ... Marthanda VarmaFather of Kerala Renaissance .... Sree Narayana GuruFather of Modern Hinduism .. Adi Shankaracharya

IndiaJainism : Vardhamana MahaviraTaoism : Lao TseBahaism : Mirza Hussain AliConfucianism : ConfuciusSikhism : Guru NanakZorastrianism (Parsis) : ZorasterBhoodan Movement : Vinoba BhaveSarvodaya Movement : Jaya Prakash NarayanRamakrishna Mission : Swami VivekanandaArya Samaj : Dayananda SaraswathiBrahma Samaj : Raja Ram Mohan RoyDev Samaj : Siva Narayan AgnihothriPrarthana Samaj : Kesab Chandra SenSuddhi Movement : Swami ShradhanandChinmaya Mission : Swami ChinmayanandaServants of India Society: Gopalakrishna GokhaleIndian Association : Surendranath BanerjiPeoples Education Society : Dr. B.R. AmbedkarVana Mahothsav : K.M. MunshiTheosophical Society of India : Annie Besant

MANKIND AND VARIOUSTRIBES

Mongolians living in Assam regions ........ AbhorsThe Dutch born in South Africa ............ AfrikanersThe people of England ...................... Anglo SaxonAncient Dravidians living in central India andRajastan ........................................................ BhilsDutch settlers in South Africa ....................... BoersPeople of Croatia, Slovenia ..........................CroatsPeople in south east frontiers of Russia .. CossacksInhabitants of Greenland and of Arctic regions... Eski-mosNatives of the Philippine Islands ............. FlemingsHill tribes of Assam ........................ Khasis / GarosPeople of W.Asia. (Turkey, Iran and Iraq) ... KurdsNatives of New Zealand ............................. MaorisShort sized people found in the forests of Africa ...... Pygmies

Original inhabitants of North America . Red IndiansAborigines of West Bengal, Bihar & Orissa.... ...........

SanthalsNatives of Nilgiri Hills (South India) ............. TodasPeople of South Africa living in certain parts of Natal

ZulusThe people of Nagaland ............................. Angami

Arunachal Pradesh ................................. A palamisTamil Nadu .............................................. BadagasUttar Pradesh ............................................ BhotiasHazaribagh .................................................. BirhorHimachal Pradesh ....................................... GaddisOrissa ...................................................... KhondsMadhya Pradesh ............................................. KolManipur ........................................................ KukiSikkim ........................................................ LaboraTripura ...................................................... LushaisBihar ......................................................... MundaKerala ........................................................ OoralisMaharashtra .............................................. Warlies

SIGNS AND SYMBOLS Red crystal flag : Red Cross Black Flag : Protest Yellow flag : Put on ship carrying people

with infectious disease Dove : Peace Olive branch : Peace Red Flag : Revolution Red triangle : Family planning White Flag : Peace Maharaja : Air India Lotus : Culture and Civilization Wheel : Progress Red Cross : Hospital / Medical Service Black band arm : Sign of Mourning, in

Protest Blind folded woman : Justice

holding a Balance Scale Flag at a half most : National Mourning Flag up side down :Distress

OFFICIAL BOOKS Blue Book : British Green Book : Italy & France Orange Book : Netherlands White Book : Germany & China White Paper : India Gray Book : Japan & Belgium

Air Brake ........................... George WestinghouseAniline Dyes .......................................... HoffmanAdding Machine ............................. Balise PascalAeroplane ................................. : Wright BrothersAir Conditioner ....................................... : CarrierAtom Bomb....................................... : Otto HahnAspirin .................................................... : DreserAlcohol Thermometer .......................... : FarenheitAtomic Thermometer .................................. : BohrAtomic Theory ........................................ : DaltonAtomic Number ....................................... MosleyAtomic Structure ................. Bohr and RutherfordAutomobile ............................................ : DaimlerAntiseptic Surgery ..................Lord Joseph ListerArchimedean Screw .......................... ArchimediesAvogadro's Hypothesis ........................AvogadroBall Pen ..................................................... : LoudBalloon ......................................... : MontogolfierBlood Circulation ................................... : HarveyBarometer ............................................ : TorricelliBicycle ............................................. : Mac MillanBraily System ................................. : Louis BrailleBeri - Beri ................................................ EijkmanBlood Circulation ..................................... HarveyBoson ................................................... S.N.BoseBoyle's law ................................................. BoyleBraille ............................................... Louis BrailleComputer ................................ : Charles BabbageChloroform ...................... : James Young SimpsonCinema .................................... : Lumiere BrothersCinema Projector ............... : Thomas Alva EdisonCrescograph ........................................ : J.C. BoseCelluloid ................................................... ParkesChloroform ............................ James Harrison and

James Young SimpsonCholera Bacillus .................................. Robert KochColoured Photography ............................... LippmanCosmic Rays ....................................... R.A.MillikanCyclotron ................................................. LawrenceDiesel Engine ............................... : Rudolf DieselDynamo ................................... : Michael FaradayDynamite ........................................ : Alfred NobelDeuterium (Heavy Water) ...................... H.C.Urey

Diesel Oil Engine ............................ Rudolf DieselDiscovery of Solar System ...... Copernicus (1540)Discovery of Specific Gravity ........... ArchimedesElectric Battery ............................................. VoltaElectric Lamp ............................................ EdisonElectricity ................................................ FaradayElectron Theory ...........................................BohrElectrical Waves .......................................... HeitzElectric Measurement .................................GaussDDT ........................................... : Dr. Paul MullerElectron ....................................... : J.J. ThompsonElectric Lamp ..................... : Thomas Alva EdisonElevator .......................................... : Elisha G OtisFountain Pen ...................................... : WatermanFahrenheit Scale ................................. FahrenheitFilm & Photographic goods ....................... KodakGlider .......................................... : George CayleyGenerator ............................................. : PicionttiGramaphone ...................... : Thomas Alva EdisonGun Powder .................................. : Roger BaconGeometry.................................................... EuclidHydrogen .......................................... : CavendishHelicopter .............................................. BroquettHelium Gas .............................................. LockyerHomoeopathy .................................. HahnemannHovercraft ............................................... CockrellHydrophobia .................................. Louis PasteurJet Engine ............................... : Sir Frank WhittleIntelligence Tests ...................................... : BinetInsulin ................................................ : F. BantingInduction of Electric Current .................... FaradayIncandescent Bulb ................................... EdisonInduction Coil ................................... Rohm KorffInsulin .................................................. F.BantingIntelligence test ........................................... BinetJet Propulsion ................................ Frank WhittleLaw of Gravitation ........................ : Issac NewtonLaw of Heredity.................................. : G. MendalLaser ..................................... : Theodore MaimanLightning Conductor .............. : Benjamin FranklinLogarithm ....................................... : John NapierLaughing Gas ......................................... PriestleyLife Boat .................................. Henry Great Head

INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

Lift (Elevators) .............................................. OtisLinotype ........................................ MergenthalerLine of demarcation (ship) ....................... PlimsollLaws of Electrical Resistance ........................ OhmLaw of Electrolysis .................................. FaradayLaw of gases ..................................... Gay LussacLaws of Gravitation ................................. NewtonLaws of Heredity ........................ Gregory MandelLaws of Motion ....................................... NewtonLaws of Natural Selections ....................... DarwinLaws of Multiple Proportion ...................... DaltonLiquid Oxygen ........................................... DewarMachine Gun ...................... : Dr. Richard GattlingMaser ................................... : Charles H. TownesMicrophone .................................... : Graham BellMeasurement of Electrical Energy............... Joule,

James PrescoftMeson .......................................... Hideki YakawaMicroscope ................................................ JanesMolecular Scattering of light in fluid . RamanathanNeon Gas ................................... Ramsay, TraversNeutron ................................................ ChadwickNuclear Fission .......... Otto Hahn, Bohr and FermiNylon Plastic ........................................ CarothersOxygen ............................................ : J.B.PreistlyOrigin of Species .......................... Charles DarwinParachute ..................................... : A.J. GarnerianPencillin ................................ : Alexander FlemingPhotography (Film) ........................ : John CarbuttPeriodic Law....................................... MendeleefPhonograph ............................................. EdisonPhonographic Shorthand ........................... PitmanPhotograph ......................................... DauguerrePrinciple for lever (S.P.Gravity) .......... ArchimedesPhototherapy ..................................... N.R.FinsenPositive Electrons .................................AndersonPowerloom .......................................... CartwrightPneumatic Tyre .........................................DunlopPrinting for the Blind ..................................BraillePrinting Press ........................................... CaxtonPrinting Types ........................... John GuttenbergPsycho-analysis ...................... Dr.Sigmund FreudRayon ...................................... : Sir Joseph SwanRadio-activity of Uranium .......... Henry BecquerelRaman effect ....................................... C.V.RamanRadium .......................................... Madame Curie

Railway Engine................................. StephensonRadio transmitter ............................ AlexandersonRare Gas ............................................. CavandishReplacing human heart ............. Christian BarnardRevolver ....................................................... ColtQuantum Theory ................................. Max plankRefrigerator ................................ : James HarrisonSafety Lamp ................................ Humphry DavySafety Match .................................... Land StromSafety Pin ........................................ William HuntSafety Razor ............................................. GilletteSewing Machine ............... Barthelling ThimonnierShort Hand................................................ PitmanSolar System ..................................... CopernicusSteam Engine .................................... James WattSteam Turbine ......................................... ParsonsSpectroscope .......................................... BunsenStethoscope .................................. Rene LaenneeSubmarine ................................... David BushnellSeismograph ................................ Roberts MalletSextant ..................................................... HadleySteam boat ................................................ FultonSubmarine ............................................. BushwellTalkies ............................................. Lee-de-FrostTank ....................................................... SwintonTelegraphy .. William F.Cooke & Charles WheatstoneTelegraph Code ......................................... MorseTelephone .........................Alexander Graham BellTelescope.................................................. GalileoTelevision ............................................. J.L. BairdThermosflask ............................................ DewarTransistor ...........................Shockly and BardeenTypewriter ................................................. SholesTheory of Evolution ..................... Charles DarwinTheory of Relativity ..................... Albert EinsteinUranium fusion .................................... Oho HahnUranus (Planet) ......................... Herschel WilliamVaccination ............................................... JennerVaccum Flask ............................. Sir James DewarVulcanisation ...................................... Good YearWashing Soda ......................................... LablancWireless Communication ................. Oliver LodgeWireless Telegraphy .............................. MarconyWireless ................................................. MarconiX-ray............................................. W.C. Rontgen

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINESStarted by Indians Young India, Harijan: Mahatma Gandhi National Herald: Jawaharlal Nehru Vande Matharam, Karma Yogi: Aurobindo Ghosh New India: Annie Besant Voice of India: Dadabhai Naoroji Al-Hilal: Edited by Abdul Kalam Azad Kesari: Bal Gangadhar Tilak Indian Opinion: Gandhiji Kerala Kaumudi: K. Sukumaran Malayala Manorama: Kandathil Vargheese

Mappila Mathrubhumi: K.P. Kesava Menon

FAMOUS LINES AND FRONTIERS

WHERE THEY RESTPlace PersonRajghat ........................................ Mahatma GandhiSanthivan ..................................... Jawaharlal NehruChaithrabhoomi .............................. B. R. AmbedkarShakthisthal ...................................... Indira GandhiEkthasthal .............................................. Zail SinghKisanghat ......................................... Charan SinghVeerbhoomi ........................................ Rajiv GandhiAbhyaghat ........................................ Morarji DesaiNarayanghat .................................. Gulzarilal NandaSamathasthal ...................................... Jagjivan RamVijayghat ................................... Lal Bahadur ShastriNigam Bodhghat ..................................Kishan KantKarmabhumi .................................. K. R. NarayananShantivan ......................................... Sanjay GandhiBudha Purnima Park ..................... P. V. Narasimha Rao

NEW AND OLD NAMES OFPLACES IN INDIA

Pondichery ........................................... PuthucheryIndraprastham ................................................ DelhiMagadham ..................................................... BiharVangarangyam ............................................. BengalPataliputhram ................................................ PatnaKalingam ...................................................... OrissaKashi ........................................................ BanarasPrayag ..................................................... AlahabadKarnavathi ........................................ Ahemadabad

• Boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan:Durand Line

• Boundary between India and China: McMohan Line• Line between India and Pakistan: Radcliff Line• Line between North and South Vietnam: 17th Par-

allel• Line between North and South Korea: 38th parallel• Border between France and Germany: Maginot Line• The line which Pakistan claims to be the boundary

line between India and Pakistan (Not acceptable to

India): 20th Parallel• The border between USA and Canada: 49th Paral-

lel• The border between Germany and Poland: Oder

Niesse Line• Boundary between Germany and Poland :

Hindenberg Line• Boundary between Namibia and Angola : 16th Par-

allel• Boundary between Russia and Finland : Mannar

Haime Line

Saketham ................................................. AyodhyaPurushapuram ......................................... PeshawarGandharam ............................................ KhandaharAvanthi ...................................................... UjjayiniKanyakubjam .............................................. KanoujKamaroop ................................................... AssamDevagiri ............................................. DoulathabadKosalam ................................................... FaizabadKanchi .............................................. KanchipuramVadodara ..................................................... BarodaThiruvanchikkulam, Mahodayapuram...KodungallurMadras ..................................................... ChennaiCalcutta ...................................................... KolkataBangalore ............................................. Bengalooru

RIVERSIDE CITIES & STATES (INDIA)

CITY RIVER STATE

Ayodhya .......................................................... Sarayu .................................................................... U.PBadrinath ......................................................... Alaknanda ................................................ UttarakhandKolkata ............................................................ Hoogly.......................................................... W. BengalCuttack ............................................................ Mahanadi ............................................................ OrissaDelhi ................................................................ Yamuna ................................................................ DelhiGuwahati .......................................................... Brahmaputra ....................................................... AssamHaridwar .......................................................... Ganges (Bhagirathi) ................................... UttarakhandAgra ................................................................ Yamuna ................................................................... U.PAhmedabad ...................................................... Sabarmati .......................................................... GujaratSurat ................................................................ Tapti ................................................................. GujaratVaranasi ........................................................... Ganges .................................................... Uttar PradeshVijayawada ....................................................... Krishna ............................................... Andhra PradeshHyderabad ....................................................... Musi ................................................... Andhra PradeshKanpur ............................................................. Ganges .................................................... Uttar PradeshLucknow .......................................................... Gomati .................................................... Uttar PradeshNasik ................................................................ Godawari ................................................... MaharashtraPatna ................................................................ Ganges ................................................................. BiharSrinagar ............................................................ Jhelum ................................................................. J & KAllahabad ........................................................ Ganga - Yamuna ....................................................... U.PFerozepur ......................................................... Sutlej ................................................................. PunjabJabalpur ........................................................... Narmada ................................................................. M.PLudhiana .......................................................... Sutlej ................................................................. PunjabMadurai ........................................................... Vaigai .......................................................... Tamil NaduMysore ............................................................ Kaveri ........................................................... KarnatakaTirunelveli ........................................................ Tamaraparni ................................................ Tamil NaduJamshedpur ...................................................... Subarnarekha ....................................................... BiharHowarh ............................................................ Hoogly...................................................... West BengalAlwaye ............................................................ Periyar ................................................................ KeralaBhaglpur .......................................................... Ganga .................................................................. BiharBuxar ................................................................ Ganga .................................................................. BiharDibugarh .......................................................... Brahmaputra ....................................................... AssamKota ................................................................. Chambal .......................................................... RajastanKarnool ............................................................ Tungabhadra ........................................ AndhrapradeshLeh .................................................................. Indus ................................................ Jammu & KashmirMoradabad ...................................................... Ramganga ............................................................... U.PMathura ........................................................... Yamuna ................................................................... U.PPandharpur ...................................................... Bhima .......................................................... MaharastraSambalpur ........................................................ Mahanadi ............................................................ OrissaSrirangapatanam ............................................... Cauvery ........................................................ KarnatakaTiruchirapally ................................................... Cauvery ...................................................... Tamil NaduUjjine ............................................................... Narmada ............................................... Madya PradeshDhaka .............................................................. Buriganga .................................................. BangladeshMongar ............................................................ Ganges ................................................................. Bihar

‘Just as I would not like to be a slave, so I wouldnot like to be a master’

‘A Government, of the people by the people andfor the people’

Abraham Lincoln ‘Give us tool and we will finish the job’ ‘I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and

sweat.’Sir Winston Churchill

‘If God did not exist, it would be necessary toinvent him.

‘Crush the infamous thing’.Voltaire

‘The unexamined life is not worth living’ ‘Other men live to eat. I eat to live. ‘Nothing can harm a good man, either in life or

after death.’ ‘I know nothing except that fact of my ignorance’ ‘The unexamined life is not worth living’.

Socrates ‘The Gods help them who help themselves’

Aesop ‘The State ? It is me’

Louis XIV ‘I am not a culprit’

Fidel Castro ‘It was only one life, what is one life in the affairs

of a state’Benitto Mussolini

‘Success is the sole earthly judge of right andwrong’

Adolf Hitler ‘The throne is but a piece of wood covered with

velvet’. ‘Give me good mothers. I shall give you a good

nation.’ ‘There is no word such as impossible in my dic-

tionary’Napolean Bonaparte

“Et tu Brute”. Vini Vidi Vici (I came, I saw, I, conquered)

Julius Caesar ‘I am dying with the help of too many physicians’

Alexander the Great

WELL KNOWN QUOTATIONS ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom and let a thousandschools of thought contend’

“Powers flows from the barrel of a gun”.Mao- Tse -Tung

“We can secure peace only by preparing for war”.John F. Kennedy

‘The living need charity more than the deadGeorge Arnold

‘Reading make a full man, conference a ready manand writing an exact man’.

‘Some books are to be tasted, others to be swal-lowed and some few to be chewed and digested’.

‘Studies serve for delight, for ornament and forability’.

Francis Bacon ‘Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest

thought “If winter comes can spring be far behind’’

P.B. Shelley ‘Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God’s great

judgement seat’. ‘East is East and West is West and never the twain

shall meet’.Rudyard Kipling

‘The more things a man is ashamed of, the morerespectable he is’

Bernard Shaw Where wealth accumulates, men decay’. ‘Wisdom makes but a slow defence against trouble,

though at last at sure one’.Oliver Goldsmith

‘The roots of education are bitter, but fruit is sweet. ‘Virtue is the mean state between two vices, the

one of excess and other deficiency’. ‘Man is by nature a political animal’

Aristotle

‘Let them eat cakes’.Marie Antoinette

“My God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me”Jesus Christ

‘Nevertheless it moves’Galileo

‘Play the game in the spirit of game’.Baron Peirre de Coubertin

‘The empty vessel makes the greatest sound’. ‘Something is rotten in the state of Denmark’

‘There is nothing either good or bad but thinkingmakes it so’.

‘Brevity is the soul of wit’. ‘Frailty thy name is woman’. ‘To be or not to be, that is the question’. ‘Cowards die many times before their death, the

valiant never taste death but once’. ‘All the world is a stage and all the men and women

merely players’William Shakespere

‘All our knowledge brings us nearer to our igno-rance’.

T.S. Eliot ‘End justifies the means

Nicholo Machiavelli ‘Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine

percent perspiration’.Thomas Alva Edison

‘Knowledge is power’Thomas Hobbes

‘Superstition is the religion of feeble minds’Edmund Burke

‘The style is the name himself’Buffon

‘Proper words in proper place’Johnathan Swift

‘Nature never did betray the heart that loved her’. ‘The child is the father of man’.

William Wordsworth ‘A little knowledge is a dangerous thing’. ‘Fools rush in where angels fear to tread’

Alexander Pope ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’ ‘Heard melodies are sweet but those unheard are

sweeter’. “Beauty is truth and truth beauty”.

John Keats ‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power cor-

rupts absolutely’.Lord Acton

‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity’. ‘Man is born free, yet every where he is in chains’.

Jean - Jacques Rousseau ‘Whom the Gods love die young’.

Lord Byron

‘It takes two to speak the truth - on to speak andthe other to hear’.

Henry David Thoreau ‘The history of the world is but the biographies of

great men’.Thomas Carlyle

‘Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven’.John Milton

‘Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel’Dr. Samuel Johnson

‘Better a live sparrow than a dead eagle’.Fitzgerald

‘Romanticism is disease classicism is health’Von Goethe

‘Taxation without prosperity’Jacob Molecschott

‘To every action there is an equal and oppositereaction.’

Sir Isaac Newton ‘Thank God I have done my duty’.

Last words of Lord Nelson ‘Virtue is its own reward’ ‘The good of the people is the chief law’ -

Cicero “Give me a place to stand and I can move the

entire earth”. ‘Eureka ! Eureka! (I have found it)’ -

Archimedes ‘Religion is the opium of the people’

Karl Marx ‘Man is a tool making animal’

Benjamin Franklin ‘Direct Action’

Mohammed Ali Jinnah ‘Good government is no substitute for self gov-

ernment’.Morley

One small step for men a leap for mankind (On thestepping on moon)

Neil Armstrong ‘I think therefore I am’.

Descartes ‘Truth and non - violence are my God’ ‘Do or die’ ‘Hai Ram’ ‘Untouchability is a crime against God and man-

kind’

‘A customer is the most important person in ourpremises’.

Mahatma Gandhi ‘Ram and Rahim are the two different names of

the same God’Kabir Das

‘Kerala is a lunatic asylum’ ‘Live fast; die young’.

Swami Vivekananda ‘We have now to fight for peace with the same

courage and determination as we fought againstaggression’.

‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’Lal Bahadur Shastri

‘One caste, one God, one religion for man’.Sree Narayana Guru

‘Back to Vedas’Swami Dayananda Saraswati

‘Generations to come, it may be, will scarce be-lieve that such a one as this ever in flesh andblood walked up on this earth’.

Einstein (About Gandhi) ‘The whole universe is my native land’

Kalpana Chawla ‘Swaraj is my birthright I shall have it’

Balagangadhara Tilak ‘We have made a tryst with destiny’. ‘Aram Haram Hai’ ‘At the stroke of midnight hour when the world

sleeps India will wake to life and freedom’.Jawaharlal Nehru

‘Dilli Chalo’. ‘Give me blood’ I shall give you freedom’

Subhash Chandra Bose ‘Garibi Hatao’

Indira Gandhi ‘Freedom is in peril. Defend it with all your might’. ‘Work like a bull and live like a hermit’.

Dr. Ambedkar ‘Aiming low is a crime’

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam ...... the light that shone in this country was no

ordinary light ..... for that light represented thatliving truth ...

Jawaharlal Nehru ‘This was their finest hour’

Sir Winston Churchill

‘More things are wrought by prayers than thisworld dreams of’.

Tennyson ‘Take care to get what you like or you will be

forced to like what you get’.George Bernad Shaw

‘The goal of war is peace; of business, leisure’ The roots of education are bitter, but fruit is sweet

Aristotle Marriage is the only adventure open to the timid

Voltaire ‘Know them thy self, presume not God to scan’ ‘The proper study of mankind of a man’

Alexander Pope The supreme happiness of life is the conviction

that we are loved’Victor Hugo

‘Among freemen there can be no successful ap-peal from the ballot to the bullet’

Abraham Lincolin ‘There is no god higher than truth’

Mahatma Gandhi ‘The best portion of a good Men’s life. His little

nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and oflove’

William Wordsworth “I am restless, I thirst for the distant, the far away” ‘I would sooner fail than not be among the great-

est’John Keats

‘The class struggle necessarily leads to the dicta-torship of the proletariat’

Karl Marx (1818 - 83) Big, Bright and beautiful

(Describing the view of the earth from the space) “The responsibility for their flight lies from with

history and with the giants of science who pro-ceeded the effort”.(Farewell telecast from space)

Neil Armstrong ‘Big brother is watching you’

George Orwel ‘Be proud that you are Indian, proudly claim I am

an Indian, every Indian is my brother’Vivekanada

INTERNATIONAL DAYSWorld Laughter Day ............................. January 10World Customs Day ............................. January 26Valentine’s Day.................................... February 14World Mother Language Day ................. February 21World Women’s Day................................. March 8World Consumer Day ............................. March 15World Disabled Day ............................... March 15World Forestry Day ................................ March 21International Day for the Elimination of RacialDiscrimination ........................................ March 21World Day for Water ............................... March 22World Meteorological Day .........................................March 23World Tuberculosis Day ......................... March 24World Theatre Day ................................. March 27World Ship Day .......................................... April 5World Health Day ....................................... April 7World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day ...... April 12International Special Librarians Day ........... April 15World Haemophilia Day ............................. April 17World Heritage Day ................................... April 18World Secretaries Day ............................... April 21World Earth Day ........................................ April 22World Book and Copy Right Day ............... April 23International Dance Day ............................ April 29May Day, International Labourers Day ......... May 1World Solar Energy Day .............................. May 3World Press Freedom Day............................ May 3World Red Cross Day .................................. May 8International Nurses Day ........................... May 12International Mothers Day .. 2nd sunday of every MayWorld Day of the Family ............................ May 15World Telecommunication Day................... May 17Commonwealth Day ................................... May 24World Anti-tobacco Day ............................ May 31International Day of innocent,Children Victims of Aggression Day ............ June 4World Environment Day .............................. June 5World day to combat desertification

and drought .............................................. June 17Father’s Day .............................................. June 20UN Charter Signing Day ............................ June 25International Day against Drug Abuseand Illicit Trafficking .................................. June 26World Architectural Day ............................... July 1World Population Day ................................ July 11World Breast Feeding Day ...................... August 1International Friendship Day................... August 3Hiroshima Day........................................ August 6Nagasaki Day ......................................... August 9World Youth Day.......................... August 12 (UN)World Folklore Day................................ August 22World Sanskrit Day................................ August 22World Enforced Disappearance Day ....... August 31World Coconut Day ............................ September 2World Literacy Day............................. September 8World Ozone Day ............................. September 16U.N. Peace Day................................. September 20World Alzheimer’s Day ..................... September 21World Tourism Day........................... September 27World Heart Day.................. Last Sunday SeptemberWorld Animal Welfare Day ...................... October 4World Postal Day ................................... October 9Territorial Army Day ............................... October 9World Standards Day ........................... October 14World Blind Day (World white cane day) October 15World Food Day ................................... October 16Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Day October 21U.N Day ............................................... October 24World Information Development Day .... October 24World Thrift Day .................................. October 30World Diabetes Day .......................... Novemebr 14World Citizen Day.............................. November 14World Environmental .............................................Protection day ................................... November 25World AIDS Day.................................. December 1World Human Rights Day .................. December 10World Asthma Day ............................ December 11Marconi Day .................................... December 12

NATIONAL DAYS (INDIA)Pravasi Bharatiya Divas ........................... January 9National Youth Day ............................... January 12Army Day ............................................. January 15Netaji Day ............................................. January 23India Tourism Day ................................. January 25Republic Day......................................... January 26Martyr’s Day ......................................... January 30Panchayat Day ..................................... February 19Arunachal Day ..................................... February 20Central Excise Day ................................ February 24National Science Day ............................ February 28National Security Day ................................ March 4Ordinance Factories Day (India) ............... March 18Orissa Day .................................................. April 1National Maritime Day ................................. April 5Jallianwala bagh Day .................................. April 13National Technology Day ........................... May 11National Mother Security Day..................... April 11Solidarity Day............................................. May 13Fire force day............................................. April 14Sikkim Day ................................................. May 16Anti Terrorism Day (Death anniversary ofRajiv Gandhi) .............................................. May 21Everest Day................................................ May 29Doctor’s Day ................................................. July 1Kargil Vijay Day........................................... July 26Quit India Day ......................................... August 9Independence Day ................................. August 15Sadbhavana Day ........... (Birth anniversary of RajivGandhi) .................................................. August 20National Sports Day (Dhyanchand’s Brithday) ........

August 29Teachers Day (Birth anniversary ofDr. Radhakrishnan) .............................. September 5Hindi Day .......................................... September 14Engineers day.................................... September 15Deaf Day .......................................... September 26National Blood Donation Day .................. October 1Gandhi Jayanti Day.................................. October 2

Wild Life Week .............................. October 1st to 7Air Force Day .......................................... October 8National Postal Day ............................... October 10Azad Hind day ...................................... October 21National Rededication Day (Death anniversary ofMrs. Indira Gandhi, birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhai Patel) ........................... October 31Legal Service Day ................................ November 9Transport Day .................................... November 10Childrens Day..................................... November 14National News Paper day .................... November 16 National Mental disorder day ................ November 17Indian Citizen Day .............................. November 19NCC Day ............................................ November 24National Law Day ............................... November 26Navy Day ............................................. December 4Armed Force Flag Day .......................... December 7National Mental disorder ..................... December 8Conservation Day............................... December 14National energy protect day .................. December 14Vijay Divas ......................................... December 16National Minorities Rights Day ........... December 18Kissan Day (Farmer’s Day) ................. December 23National Consumer Day ...................... December 24 Kisan Divas celebrated on the birth day of Sri

Charan Singh. Children’s day is being celebrated on the birth-

day of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Teachers Day is being celebrated on the birth-

day of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan National youth Day is being celebrated on the

birthday of Vivekananda National Sports day is being celebrated on the

birthday of Dhyan Chand. National Technology day is being celebrated

to commemorate India’s achievements onnuclear capability.

National Science Day is celebrated on the dayin 1928 C. V. Raman discovered Raman Effect.

Doctor’s Day is celebrated on the birthday ofDr. B. C. Roy

National Broadcasting Day is celebrated onthat day when Gandhiji addressed the nation.

National Voters DayJanuary 25 will here after be celebrated as NationalVoters Day. January 25 is the foundation day ofthe Election Commission of India.

UNITED NATIONS YEARRefugees year ............................................. 1959-60Co-operation Year ............................................ 1965Tourism year .................................................... 1967Human Rights Year .......................................... 1968Education Year ................................................ 1970Fight against Racial discrimination Year ............ 1971Book Year ........................................................ 1972Copper Nicus Year ........................................... 1973Population Year ............................................... 1974Women’s Year .................................................. 1975Fight Against Untouchability ........................... 1978Childrens Year ................................................. 1979Handicapped year ............................................ 1981Communication Year ........................................ 1983Youth Year ....................................................... 1985Peace Year ....................................................... 1986AIDS Year ....................................................... 1988Literacy Year .................................................... 1990Space Year ....................................................... 1992Sports and Family Year .................................... 1994Poverty Eradication Year .................................. 1996Ocean Year ...................................................... 1998Old Age Year ................................................... 1999Peace and Cultural Year .................................... 2000Self Service Year .............................................. 2001Mountains Year ............................................... 2002Eco Tourism Year ............................................. 2002Fresh Water Year ............................................. 2003International Rice Year ..................................... 2004International Micro Credit Year ......................... 2005International Physics Year ................................ 2005International Sports and Physical Education ..... 2005International Dolphin – Pole Year ..................... 2007International Potato Year .................................. 2008International Earth Year .................................... 2008International Natural Fibre Year ........................ 2009Bio Diversity Year ............................................ 2010Forest Year ...................................................... 2011

KERALA - DAYSJune 19 ............................................... Reading DayJune 19 - 25....................................... Reading WeekChingam 1 .................................... Agricultural DayOctober 4 .......................................... Elephant DayOctober 13 ............................................. Sports DayNovember 1 ........................... Kerala formation Day

IMPORTANT MUSEUMSNational Childrens Museum .................... New DelhiCalico Textile Museum ....................... AhemadabadVisvesarayya Industrial And Technological MuseumBangaloreTippu Sulthan Museum ............... SreerangapatnamSree Chithra Art Gallery........... ThiruvananthapuramBirla Industrial & Technological Museum .... KolkataBirla Planetorium......................................... KolkataNethaji Museum ......................................... KolkataNational Gallery of Modern Art ............... New DelhiIndian Museum .......................................... KolkataNational Museum ....................................... KolkataSalarjung Museum ................................. HyderabadNehru Museum ....................................... New DelhiArcheological Museum ........................... New DelhiVictoria Memorial Hall ................................. KolkataRail Transport Museum .......................... New DelhiNational Museum of Natural History ....... New DelhiIndian War Memorial Museum ................ New DelhiPrince of Wales Museum ........................... Mumbai

OFFICIAL RESIDENCEIndian President ..................... Rashtrapathi BhavanIndian Prime Minister ........ No. 7, Race Course RoadPope ................................................. Vatical PalaceGovernor .............................................. Raj BhavanAmerican President ............................ White HouseBritain Prime Minister ................ 10, Downing StreetKing & Queen of Britain ............ Bekkingham PalaceSouth Korean President ........................ Blue HouseSreelankan President .......................... Temple TreesNepal King ............................. Narayan Hithi PalaceKongo President ................................ Marbil PalacePakistan President ............................... Ivane SadanFrench President ............................... Eleesee Palace

INDUSTRIAL NAMESAmbassador ..................................................... CarNicon .......................................................... CameraAlvin .................................................... RefrigeratorAmul ................................................... Milk PowderUsha ..................................... Fan, Sewing MachineMerit ............................................ Sewing Machine

Bush, Murphy ............................................... RadioPhilips, Panasoni ....................... Radio & TelevisionKelvinator ............................................ RefrigeratorPrestige ......................................... Pressure CookerChandrika, Lux, Pears, Radhas, Lifeboy ........... SoapSunlight ............................................... Soap PowerShalimar, Nerolac ............................................ PaintLactogen, Lactose ...............................Milk PowderAshok, Zenith ............................................... BladeFiat, Premier, Standars ....................................... CarCiat, Dunlop, Bridgestone ................................ TyreCrompton, Rally, GEC ........................................ FanHero ................................................................. PenColgate, Cibaca, Forehands, Close up ... Tooth PasteSignal .................................................. Tooth PasteWills, Charminar, Panama, Scissors ............ CigaretteRolex, Titan, Ceeko, Favourluba .................... WatchCitizen, Omega, Jovial ................................... WatchJumbo ....................................................... Jet PlainAvro ...................................................... Aero PlainRaj Dooth, Bullet, Royal Enfield ...........Motor CycleBenze, Leyland ................................ Bus, Car, LorrySakthiman ..................................................... TreckJubily, Bismi ..................................................... PenEverady, Jeep, Toshiba Anand, Nippo ..........BatteryHercules, BSA, Hero ...................................... CycleBata ............................................................. ShoesChethak, Lamby, Vijay ................................. ScooterRemington, Halda, Godrej ...................... TypewriterBajaj ............................................................... BulbBruke Bond ...........................................Coffee, TeaLipton .............................................................. Tea

PUBLICATIONSThe Times .................................................. LondonThe Sunday Times ...................................... LondonDaily Telegraph .......................................... LondonMorning Star .............................................. LondonThe Guardian ............................................. London

The Sun ..................................................... LondonThe Economist ........................................... LondonThe Observor ............................................. LondonFinancial Times ........................................... LondonThe Daily Mail ............................................ LondonThe Hindu ...................................................... India

Newyork Times ......................................... NewyorkWashington Post ................................. WashingtonInternational Herald Tribune ..................... NewyorkThe Don ..................................................... KarachiPakistan Times ........................................... KarachiKabool Mail ................................................ KaboolOutlook ...................................................... KarachiRed Flag ..................................................... BeejingChina Times ................................................ Tai PeyRudepravo .................................................. PregueLimonde ......................................................... ParisPravda ...................................................... MoscowIsestya ..................................................... MoscowStraight Times ........................................ SingaporeAkbar Al Kuwait .......................................... KuwaitAl thavara .............................................. DemascusPeoples Daily ............................................. BeejingStatesman ................................................ ColomboAshi Shimban ............................................... TokyoAustralian ................................................ CanberraMainichi Shimban .......................................... JapanTimes of India ................................................. IndiaMorning News ..................................... BangladeshSydney Morning News ............................... SydneyReference News ............................................. ChinaRising Nepal ........................................... Katmandu

FIRST IN KERALAGovernor ............................. Dr. B Ramakrishna RaoChief Minister ..................... E.M.S. NamboothiripadDeputy Chief Minister ............................. R. SankarAssembly Speaker R. Sankarana Narayanan ThampiCongress Chief Minister ................ R. Sankar (1962)Jnapeeda Winner (India) ............... G. Sankara KurupMalayalee Governor ..............................V.P. MenonFirst Malayalee Member of UPSC ... Dr. K.G. AdiyodiFirst Malayalee winner of Dhronacharya Award .......

O.M. NambiarWoman Magistrate ....................... OmanakunjammaWoman High Court Judge ................. Anna ChandyWoman Minister .................................... K.R. GowriWoman member of Parliament ............ Anne MaskrinFirst woman I.A.S ......................... Anna MalhothraWoman IPS Officer .................................. Sreelekha

WORLD NEWS AGENCIESReutors ........................................... BritainKyodo ............................................. JapanAndara ...................................... IndonesiaErna .................................................... IranSinhwa ............................................. ChinaAssociated Press ............................... USARitha ............................................... RussiaAnsa ................................................ SpainAgents France Press (AFP) ............. FranceBernama ....................................... MalesyaDentas Press Agenter ................... GermanyNafen ........................................ HongkongAl Jaseera ...................................... KhattarTass ............................................... RussiaPress Trust of India ............................ IndiaUnited News of India ......................... IndiaInterpress Service ............................. Rome

VEHICLE PRODUCERSGeneral Motors ............................................... USAFord Motors ................................................... USAToyotta Motors ............................................. JapanBenze ....................................................... GermanyNissam Motor ................................................ JapanDevoo ................................................. South KoreaFiat ................................................................. ItalyHonda Motors ............................................... JapanMitsbushi Motors ......................................... JapanPyugiyottu .................................................. FranceHyundai .............................................. South Korea

GANDHI NAMESAfrican Gandhi ............................ Kennath KoundaModern Gandhi ................................... Baba AmtheBurmese Gandhi ........................................Ong SanKosavo Gandhi ............................... Ibrahim RugevaKerala Gandhi ...................................... K. KelappanMayyazhi Gandhi ................... I.K. Kumaran MasterAmerican Gandhi ...................... Martin Luther KingSreelankan Gandhi ............................... Ariya RetneFrontier Gandhi ................. Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan

President -Kerala Sahithya AcademySardar K.M. Paniker

College ............................................... CMS CollegePrinting Press ....................... CMS Press, KottayamMovie ........................................... VigathakumaranMovie with sound ......................................... BalanColour Movie .......................... Kandam Bech KottuOlympian ............................................ Suresh BabuMalayalee President INC................C. Sankaran NairNational Park ......................................... EravikulamNovelist ...................................... Appu NedungadiChampu in Malayam ............... Unniyachi CharithamSanskrit Champu ....................... Amogha RaghavamNewspaper ................................ Rajya SamacharamWoman Vice Chancellor ................... Dr. Janci JamesPrinted Malayalam Book ....... Samkshepa VedarthamFirst Book in which Malayalam Alphabet was printedHorthus MalabaricusPress in India where Malayalam was printed ............

Career Press, MumbaiMonthly Literary Magazine ................. VidyavilasiniShort Story ..................................... Vasana VikruthiSocial Novel ............................................ IndulekhaDetective Novel ............................ Bhaskara MenonDrama ......................................... Kalyani NadakamUniversity ................................... Kerala UniversityRadio Station .......................... ThiruvananthapuramMalayalam Internet Literary Club ....... www.puzha.comBank ............................................ Nedungadi BankMalayalam Internet Portal .................. Indiainfo.comPost Office ............................................ AlappuzhaEnglish School ................................... MattancheryIndian Principal ....................... A.R. Raja Raja VarmaKeralite appearing Postal Stamp . Sreenarayana GuruMuseum ............................................... TrivandrumZoo ...................................................... TrivandrumConcrete Bridge ........................... Karamana, TVPMFilm Hero ............................................... A.K. AroorFilm Heroine ............................................. KamalamHanging Bridge ........................................ PunaloorAudio Novel .................................... Ithanente PeruPrivate TV Channel ..................................... AsianetCinema Studio ................. Udaya Studio, AlappuzhaMalayalee Magsaysay Award winner ......................

Varghese KurianMineral Water Plant ............................. KumbalangiDaily Newspaper ......................... Rajyasamacharam