Date post: | 29-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | natalie-casey |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Lead Black Slide
Powered by DeSiaMore 2
Chapter 3
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 3
Our Agenda Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information
Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information
Systems Ethical Issues for Information
Systems
Powered by DeSiaMore 4
Learning Objectives Explain why businesses need
computer and communications hardware in information systems.
Distinguish between the three main types of computer systems.
Explain the difference between application software and system software, and give an example of each.
Powered by DeSiaMore 5
Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Explain why businesses need
software in information systems. Describe the way stored business
data is commonly organized in information systems.
Explain why businesses need stored data in information systems.
Powered by DeSiaMore 6
Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify the types of personnel in
information systems and explain why businesses need personnel in information systems.
Identify the types of procedures used in information systems and explain why businesses need procedures in information systems.
Powered by DeSiaMore 7
Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different approaches to
ethical decision making. Explain several ethical issues for
information systems.
Powered by DeSiaMore 8
Hardware for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 9
Computer and Communications Hardware Computer hardware
Input devices Output devices Primary storage Secondary storage Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Communications hardware Network devices
Powered by DeSiaMore 10
The Need for Computer Hardware Important elements of computer
hardware Speed Accuracy Capacity
Powered by DeSiaMore 11
The Need for Communications Hardware Important elements of
communications hardware Remote access Information sharing Resource sharing (printers, file
servers) Interorganizational communication
Powered by DeSiaMore 12
Types of Computer Systems Personal Computers
Desktop Laptop Handheld Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Workstations
Powered by DeSiaMore 13
Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Multiple-user computer systems
Minicomputer Typically between $5,000 and $200,000
Mainframe computer Typically between $100,000 and
$10,000,000 Both are multi-user environments
Powered by DeSiaMore 14
Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Networked computer systems
Many computers connected to a network which is used by many people at one time.
Servers – provide services to other computers on the network.
Clients – a user’s workstation connected to the network.
Client-server computing – servers and clients used cooperatively.
Powered by DeSiaMore 15
Software for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 16
Types of Software Application software – designed for
specific computer applications for a business or organization.
System software – designed to make computers usable. Also known as an operating system.
Communications software – designed to permit computers to “talk” to each other.
Powered by DeSiaMore 17
Sources of Software Two main sources of software
Packaged software – available commercially for personal, multiple-user and networked systems.
Custom software – created to address very specific requirements of the users.
Powered by DeSiaMore 18
Stored Data for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 19
Data Organization Elements of data storage
Characters – letters, numerals, special symbols, a blank space.
Fields – a group of related characters. Records – a group of fields about a
single entity. Data file, or file – a group of records
about a single purpose. Database – a group of related files.
Powered by DeSiaMore 20
Data Organization (cont’d.) While data can be organized in a
database, there are other types of data. Multimedia
Audio Video Images
Powered by DeSiaMore 21
Need for Stored Data Three main reasons businesses
need stored data Data is available Data is modifiable Data is controllable
Powered by DeSiaMore 22
Personnel for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 23
Users and Operating Personnel Users
Supply data input Receive output
Operating personnel Perform technical functions such as
Manage networks Run software Pass output to users
Powered by DeSiaMore 24
Procedures for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 25
Types of Procedures Two main types
First tells people how to use and operate the system under normal circumstances.
Second tells people what to do if the system does not function normally.
Documentation is written instructions on the use and operation of the system.
Powered by DeSiaMore 26
Ethical Issues for Information Systems
Information System Fundamentals
Powered by DeSiaMore 27
Ethical Decision Making The Golden Rule Utilitarianism Categorical Imperative Ethical Egoism Code of Ethics
Powered by DeSiaMore 28
Ethical Issues Privacy Accuracy Property Access
Powered by DeSiaMore 29
Ten Commandments
1. Do not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Do not interfere with other people’s computer work.
3. Do not look in other people’s computer files.
4. Do not use a computer to steal.5. Do not use a computer to bear false
witness.6. Do not copy or use proprietary software
for which you have not paid.
Powered by DeSiaMore 30
Ten Commandments (cont’d.)
7. Do not use other people’s computer resources.without authorization or proper compensation.
8. Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual property.
9. Think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
10.Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow man.
Powered by DeSiaMore 31
Information Systems Fundamentals
Key Terms
Powered by DeSiaMore 32
Key Terms Application Software Bug Character Client Client-Server Computing Code of Ethics Communication Hardware
Communication Software Custom Software Database Data File Desktop Computer Documentation Field File
Powered by DeSiaMore 33
Key Terms (cont’d.) Handheld (Palmtop) Computer Mainframe Computer Matching Microcomputer Minicomputer Multimedia Notebook (Laptop) Computer
Operating System Packaged Software Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Platform Record Server Supercomputer
Powered by DeSiaMore 34
Key Terms (cont’d.) System Software Workstation
Powered by DeSiaMore 35
Summary Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information
Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information
Systems Ethical Issues for Information
Systems
Final Black Slide