Leadership and Management in the Presidency

FDR Changed everything: Now what?Agenda Management Use of Setting of Exec. Branch Advisors

Truman EisenhowerKennedy

Harry Truman: Agenda Setting

Truman Approval Ratings

Sources: Gallup, AP, WSJ.com research. From: Wall Street Journal.com: http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-presapp0605-31.html

FDR VPs

John Nance Garner 1933-41

Henry Wallace

1941-45

Agenda Setting: Art and Science

1. Understanding trends

2. Prediction

3. Understanding impact of events

4. Timing

5. Salesmanship

6. Can you make the agenda bipartisan?

Successful

Successful

Ronald Reagan ending welfare (1986 speech)

Bill Clinton announces passage of welfare reform legislation (1996)

Sucesssful

Ending “Big Government” Clinton SOTU 1996

“The era of big government is over.”

Not so Successful

Not so Successful

Carter’s Energy Proposals 1977

Successful or Not?• 2010: PL 111-148: Patient Protection and Affordable Care

Act• 2012: National Federation of Independent Businesses v.

Sebelius• 2015: King v. Burwell

Truman Agenda Setting

• US as a global power

• Fighting Communism– “Truman Doctrine” speech, March 1947– NSC-68

Division of Europe

Soviet Atomic/Nuclear WeaponsSoviet A-BombAugust 22, 1949

http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Board=EarthHistory&Number=32788&page=1&view=collapsed&sb=5&o=&fpart=1

Soviet H-BombNovember 22, 1953

1949: Chinese Communists win Civil War

Mao Zedong announces the People’s Republic of China October 1949

Two Developments

• 22nd Amendment (1951)

• Candidate-centered Politics

Dwight David Eisenhower:Management

Why Like Ike?

Eisenhower Approval Ratings

Organizational Chart

Organization Theory

• Semi-independence

• Budget and Turf Battles

• Organizational Culture

• SOP

1. Delegation

2. Interagency Process

3. Staff System

DelegationJohn Foster Dulles George Humphrey

Interagency Process

Departments Departments

Cabinet

Deputy Secretary level

committee

Under or Assistant

Secretary level

StaffChief of Staff

Sherman AdamsIke and special assistant Robert Cutler

JFK

Republican Nominee

Debates: Nixon’s Uneasy

JFK’s Relaxed

Dual Roles of Cabinet Officers

President’s Key Adviser on an Issue

vs.

Senior Official of a Department of Agency

Types of Presidential Advisers

1. Experts

2. Independent Political Figures

3. Friends

JFK AdvisersRobert Kennedy Douglas Dillon Robert

McNamara

Attorney General Sec. Treasury Sec. Defense

Friend Independent Expert

political figure

Bush 43 AdvisersCondoleezza Colin Powell Donald Rumsfeld

Nat’l Security Adv Sec. of State Sec Def

Sec. of State

Friend Independent Expert

political figure

Obama Advisers

Valerie Jarrett Hillary Clinton Robert Gates

Senior Adviser Sec. State Sec. Defense Friend Independent Expert

political figure

Dallas 11/22/1963

LBJ Taking the Oath of Office