LEADERSHIP

Meaning :

• It is defined in the form of the qualities of a particular individual and with the help of those qualities he guides the people and makes them capable of working willingly up to their fullest capacity.

Definition :

“Leadership may be defined as the ability to exert interpersonal influence by means of communication toward the achievement of a goal.”

-Koontz and O’Donnell

Characteristics of Leadership

• Influencing Process• Behaviour Changing Process• Interpersonal Relations between leader and

followers• Common Goals Achieving• Continuous Process

Impact of Leadership on Employees’ Utilization of Capacity

Expectancy Through Leadership

Normal Expectancy

Social Pressure

Need for job

Authority of superior

Induced by leadership

40%

60%

Importance of Leadership

• Helps in influencing the behavior of people

• Helps followers in fulfilling their needs

• Helps in Introducing required changes

• Helps in solving conflicts effectively

• Helps in Training & Development of subordinates

Leadership Styles

Motivational Power Based Result Based

Positive Negative Employee Oriented Production Oriented

Autocratic Democratic Free Rein

Motivation Leadership Style

1. Positive Leadership Style- Economic & Non- Economic Incentives

2. Negative Leadership style-Coercion, Removing from job, deduction from salary

Suitable style?

POWER BASEDLEADERSHIP STYLE

1. Autocratic Leadership Style- Leader Centered

Characteristics :1. Formal Relations 2. Centralized Authority3. Single Man Decisions 4. Negative Motivation5. Only downward Communication6. Wrong belief regarding EmployeesAdvantages1. Quick and clear decisions2. Satisfactory Work3. Necessary for less educated employeesDisadvantages1. Lack of Motivation2. Less Productivity3. Agitation by Employees4. Possibility of Partiality

2. Democratic Leadership Style

Characteristics1. Cooperative Relations2. Positive Motivation3. Belief in Employees4. Open Communication

Advantages1. High Morale 2. Creation of more efficiency and productivity3. Peaceful Industrial Relation

Disadvantages1. Requirement of Educated Subordinates2. Delay in Decisions3. Lack of responsibility in Managers

3. Free rein Leadership Style

Characteristics 1. Full faith in subordinates2. Independent Decision making system3. Decentralization of Authority4. Two way communication5. Cooperative RelationsAdvantages1. Development of self confidence in subordinates2. High level Motivation3. Helpful in development of EnterpriseDisadvantages1. Difficulty in Cooperation2. Lack of Importance of Managerial Post

Result Based Leadership Style

1. Employee Oriented Leadership StyleLeaders considers his followers above all the others

2. Production Oriented Leadership StyleMore attention is paid to production rather than human welfare

Suitable style?