The League of Nations:

J. Marshall 2013

Collective Security• New world order: “to make the world

safe for democracy.”• 14 Points: “guarantees of political

independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.”

Wilson insisted the Covenant be in all five Paris peace treaties

Key Goals• International cooperation: meet in

an assembly• Arbitration: submit disputes to 3rd

party• Prevent war by collective security

& disarmament: sanctions vs. force

Article 10 Article 12 Article 16to stop external aggression and respect territorial integrity and existing independence of all members

NO INTERFERENCE

if worry of war, members agree to arbitration OR enquiry of disputes + no war until 3 months after Council’s decision

COOLING OFF

war on one, is war on all, and all will cut off trade and commerce with offender.

SANCTIONS AS ENFORCEMENT

MEMBERSHIP• 1919 Allies (incl. Japan) + Dominions

(i.e. Canada, Australia) and India = original members

• 1926 + GeGermrmanyany (leaves 1933)• 1933 JaJappanan leaves• 1934 + UUSSRSSR (expelled 1940)• UUSSAA never joined

Successes Failures• Supervised Saar for 15

years• Managed Danzig for 15

years• 1921 settled

Sweden/Finland dispute over Aland Islands

• 1923 settled Greece/Italy dispute over Island of Corfu

• 1925 settled possible Greece/Bulgaria war

• Int’l Labour Office improved child labour, min. wages, working hours

• Mandatory powers usually unwilling to give up control/disallowed League inspection i.e. Mandates kept

• World Court could be opted out

• Countries left rather than comply

• Collective security lacked “bite”

Ex. Manchuria 1931

Abyssinia 1935

League of Nations • Images of Public Opinion• Influenced by cartoonists? Or were

the cartoons in response to public opinion?

1. Why

elephants?

2. Why the

names?

3. What is being

parodied?

What clues are given to identify the characters?

What event, policy or movement is being illustrated?

Is the cartoonist trying to sway your opinion?

Is there any bias?

To what cliché is the cartoonist alluding?

What does the cartoonist seem to be saying?

What hints does the cartoonist give to ensure the audience gets the intended message?

This slide seems to contradict the tone of the others. How could that be?

Are symbols used?

How is the world divided?

What is the intended message?

There are two clichés being parodied; can you identify them?

What does this

cartoon suggest?

Where and when was

this cartoon

published?