Name: Date:

Learner Guide: Nā Manawa (Learner Extension: Kupu)

Hua ‘Ōlelo: makahiki, kau, manawa, hiki, alanui, polohiwa, piko, Kāne, Kanaloa, Wākea, solstice, equinox, iluna,

ilalo, kahuna kilo hōkū, ho‘omakahiki, makahiki, ho‘oilo, la‘a-make, and la‘a-ulu.

Hana Ho‘omakaukau (Warm-Up Activity)

• Answer the questions below.

• You do not have to be correct, but you do need to try.

T i m e : 10 min.

Ke Ala o Ka Lā

The path of Ka Lā from hiki to kau are used to tell time during a pō. Ka Lā moves across the sky from

Hikina to Komohana every day. The daily path across the sky is called Ke Ala o Ka Lā.

Label the locations of the beginning, middle, and end of Ka Lā’s daily path on the diagram below.

ACTIVITY 1 (Introduction Activity)

• Watch the video “Ke Ala o Ka Lā”.

• Complete the activity below.

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 25 min.

Ke Ala o Ka Lā vs. Ka Huaka‘i o Ka Lā

Ka Lā’s hiki and kau moves along the horizon during a makahiki. This journey along the horizons during

the makahiki is called Ka Huaka‘i o Ka Lā.

Circle the arrows that show the directions Ke Ala o Ka Lā.

Place an “X” on the arrows that show the directions of Ka Huaka‘i o Ka Lā.

Match the periods and movement types with the Hele a Ka Lā.

Hele a Ka Lā

Ke Ala o Ka Lā Ka Huaka‘i o Ka Lā

Timekeeping Periods

pō

makahiki

Timekeeping Movements

hiki → kau

ilalo → iluna

Label the diagram of Hikina (the eastern horizon) with the correct terms.

Ke Alanui i Ka Piko o Wākea Ke Alanui Polohiwa a Kanaloa Ke Alanui Polohiwa a Kāne

iluna ilalo

N S

ACTIVITY 2 ( Kuhikuhi Activity)

• Answer the following questions, and use the space provided to build the diagram from the ha‘awina.

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 20 min.

Ka Huaka‘i a Ka Lā (Illustration)

Using the space below, follow the video in building the illustration for this ha‘awina.

Color and label your illustration based upon the video.

1 Ke Alaula a Kāne 2 Ke Alanui Ma‘awe‘ula a Kanaloa

3 Ke Alanui Polohiwa a Kāne 4 Ke Alanui Polohiwa a Kanaloa

5 Ke Alanui i Ka Piko a Wākea

Lā ‘Āwīwī – Lā Kā‘ele

Complete the sentences.

When Ka Lā is ___________,

the lā is ____________________.

When Ka Lā is _______________,

the lā and pō are

________________.

When Ka Lā is _____________,

the lā is _____________________.

iluna ilalo ma waena

‘āwīwī kā‘ele kohu like

ACTIVITY 3 (Ho‘oma‘a Activity)

• Watch the video “Nā Manawa”

• Complete the activities below.

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 30 min.

Nā Manawa

In Hawaiian tradition, the makahiki were divided into two seasons, and each season was divided into

two time periods. Each of the time periods are based upon the location of the path of Ka Lā during the

makahiki.

Complete the diagram below.

• Label the kau on the green lines.

• Label the manawa on the blue lines.

N S

ACTIVITY 4 ( H o ‘ o m a ‘ a A c t i v i t y )

• Watch the video “Nā Manawa o Ka Makahiki”

• Complete the tasks of this activity. o Nā Manawa o Ka Makahiki Diagram o Making Connections

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 40 min.

Nā Manawa o Ka Makahiki

Follow the presentation for this activity. Color and label the diagram below.

ACTIVITY 5 ( H o ‘ o m a ‘ a A c t i v i t y )

• Activity Card: Making Connections and Activity Task

• Hana Kilo: Making Connections Interviews.

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 60 min.

Making Connections

Knowing what happens during the makahiki, and when it happens, help you make connections to

where Ka Lā is on its journey.

Ho‘oilo – La‘a-make

Sept. 23 – Dec. 21

Ho‘oilo – Ho‘oilo

Dec. 22 – March 21

Kau – La‘a-ulu

March 22 – June 21

Kau – Kau

June 22 – Sept. 22

Use the activity card for this activity to help you complete this task.

In the diagram below, do the following tasks in their corresponding manawa:

• Write your birthdate in the manawa that it is in.

• Draw a picture of what you like to do during your favorite time of the makahiki.

• Draw a picture of what you do during your favorite holiday of the makahiki.

• Draw a picture of the weather during your favorite time of the makahiki.

Interviews

Interview two people that are good sources of information.

1) Ask the person if they are willing to help you with your investigation about manawa (seasons).

2) Share what you know about manawa (seasons). You can use the chart above to help you.

3) Explain that the information will help you make connections to understand the different

manawa of the makahiki.

Document Your Interview.

Below are the questions you will ask. Follow the documentation instructions for each question. Use

the Making Connections Interview Worksheet to document your interview.

If the person you are interviewing wants to help you with your drawings, its okay. It is a fun way to get

to know someone better.

1) What manawa is your favorite time of the makahiki and why?

• Find the manawa, and draw a picture showing why it is this person’s favorite manawa.

2) What is your favorite holiday and what do you do during that holiday?

• Find the manawa, and draw a picture showing what this person does during that

holiday.

3) What manawa has the best weather?

• Find the manawa and draw a picture of the type of weather this person enjoys.

Thank-You

1) Share something that you learned about the person you interviewed with them.

2) Thank the person you interviewed.

Making Connections Interview Worksheet 1

Name: _____________________________________ Interview Date: ________________________

Ho‘oilo – La‘a-make

Sept. 23 – Dec. 21

Ho‘oilo – Ho‘oilo

Dec. 22 – March 21

Kau – La‘a-ulu

March 22 – June 21

Kau – Kau

June 22 – Sept. 22

Making Connections Interview Worksheet 2

Name: _____________________________________ Interview Date: ________________________

Ho‘oilo – La‘a-make

Sept. 23 – Dec. 21

Ho‘oilo – Ho‘oilo

Dec. 22 – March 21

Kau – La‘a-ulu

March 22 – June 21

Kau – Kau

June 22 – Sept. 22

ACTIVITY 6 ( H o ‘ o m a ‘ a A c t i v i t y )

• Presentation: Ke Kahua o Ka Makahiki

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 60 min.

Hele o Ka Lā

Draw a picture of Ke Ala o Ka Lā. Draw a picture of Ka Huaka‘i o Ka Lā.

Nā Manawa

Label the manawa in the diagram below.

ACTIVITY 7 ( H o ‘ o m a ‘ a A c t i v i t y )

• Activity Card: Ho‘okolokolo

• Ho‘okolokolo Practice.

• Ho‘okolokolo Planning

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 60 min.

Ho‘okolokolo Practice

Gathering Data (Practice)

Complete the chart using the Hana Kilo 1, 2, and 3 from the Ho‘okolokolo Activity Card. The first

entry is an example of what a first observation might look like.

Anahulu Manawa Location

iluna/ilalo Direction iluna/ilalo

Kaha My mana‘o.

0 ? ma waena ? 0 Ka Lā is at Piko o Wākea. I don’t know

which way it is going.

1

2

3

No‘ono‘o: Analyze Your Data (Practice)

Answer the questions below and use it to fill in the blanks for the summary paragraph at the end.

• Did Ka Lā Move? _____ ‘ae _____ ‘a‘ole

o How many kaha did Ka Lā move from anahulu 1 to anahulu 2?

▪ ______________ kaha - ______________ kaha = _______________ kaha anahulu 2 anahulu 1

o How many kaha did Ka Lā move from anahulu 2 to anahulu 3? ▪ ______________ kaha - ______________ kaha = _______________ kaha

anahulu 2 anahulu 1

o How many kaha did Ka Lā move total? ____________ kaha

• Where was Ka Lā when you began your hana kilo 1?

_____ iluna of Piko a Wākea _____ ilalo of Piko a Wākea

• What direction did Ka Lā move during the activity? _____ iluna _____ ilalo

• What manawa do you think is shown during hana kilo 1 – 3? _______________________

• During the manawa in hana kilo 1 – 3, are the lā ‘āwīwī or kā‘ele? _____________________

Ka‘analike: Report Your Findings (Practice)

What does your data mean? Complete the summary below.

I did ______ hana kilo activities that lasted ______ anahulu. Ka Lā started ______ kaha

__________ of Ke Alanui i Ka Piko a Wākea. Ka Lā moved a total of _____ kaha __________ of

Ke Alanui i Ka Piko a Wākea. The manawa during my hana kilo was ________________________.

The lā are ___________________ and the pō are _________________.

ACTIVITY 8 ( H o ‘ o m a ‘ a A c t i v i t y )

• Activity Card: Ho‘okolokolo

• Ho‘okolokolo Planning

• Conduct Ho‘okolokolo

• Submit your Ho‘okolokolo Report.

• Mark this activity as completed in your assignments.

T i m e : 60 min. / 7 weeks

Ho‘okolokolo Planning

Plan your Ho‘okolokolo

What date will you start your Hana Kilo activities? ______________________________________

When do you plan to end your Hana Kilo activities? _____________________________________

Where do you plan to do your Hana Kilo activities? _____________________________________

What time of the day will you do your Hana Kilo activities? _______________________________

• Use the Ho‘okolokolo Table to document your data.

• Begin by filling in the dates you will be scheduling your Hana Kilo activities.

• Make sure you plan your Hana Kilo once every anahulu and around the same time (ka lā hiki

or ka lā kau).

My prediction for my Ho‘okolokolo.

1) I am doing my ho‘okolokolo in the manawa of ____________________________________.

2) I predict that Ka Lā will move __________________________________________________.

3) The lā are going to be ________________________________________________________.

Ka‘analike: Report Your Findings

Write your findings below. Use the questions below to guide your report. You can also use the

practice report to help you.

1) Did you guess the correct manawa?

2) Did you see Ke Ala o Ka Lā move to different locations?

3) Which direction did Ka Lā move?

4) Did Ka Lā move in the same direction during all of your hana kilo?

5) How far did Ka Lā move?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Hō‘ike Ho‘opōkole

Hō‘ike Ho‘opōkole is a summary or reflection of your learning. In the space below, write or

draw a brief summary or reflection of this lesson. Think about the information you gathered

during this lesson. Reflect about the content and if there was anything new that you learned

and want to share. Ponder on ideas, concepts or information that was new and exciting to you.

Write your thoughts down in the area below.

Hana Kilo

In Hawaiian tradition, celestial movements and rhythms correspond with rhythms and activities that

happen on Ka Honua. The nohona, lifestyle, of ka po‘e kahiko is built upon generations of observation

of the rhythms, events, and activities of Ka Honua and celestial rhythms. When the path of Ka Lā

moves ilalo from Ke Alanui i Ka Piko o Wākea, the days shorten in Hawaii, the mea kanu, plants, die

back and the edible roots grow larger. Because of this, Makahiki activities occur, and the mala is

prepared to fallow for planting later. Ceremonies marking the transition to the new makahiki are

conducted, taxes are collected based upon harvests, and the annual games happen.

Based upon your own rhythms and activities, or observations of environmental and natural rhythms

and activities, complete the chart below to begin tracking how your nohona corresponds with the

rhythms of the Hawaiian calendar and Ka Honua.

Kau / Manawa (Season and Period)

Ka Honua (Environmental Observations)

Kou Nohona (Your Lifestyle)

Ho‘oilo / La‘amake

Large NW Surf Surf at Ke‘ei

Ho‘oilo / Ho‘oilo

Kau / La‘a-ulu

Kau / Kau

The time period between the equinox and solstice are pretty much consistent, and these celestial

events happen annually. It took many years of observation, and guidance by a kahuna, or skilled

individual, to learn about the rhythms of Ka Lā. Kahuna kilo hōkū did not have computers or other

resources to have instant information at their fingertips. However, you do. So, you will be using the

internet to help you with this activity. Use timeanddate.com to complete the following.

Locate the information need to complete the table below.

Makahiki Ka Piko o Wākea

(Autumn) Ka Polohiwa a

Kanaloa Ka Piko o Wākea

(Spring) Ka Polohiwa a

Kāne

2024-2025

2023-2024

2022-2023

2021-2022

2020-2021

2019-2020

2018-2019

2017-2018

2016-2017

2015-2016

2014-2015

2013-2014

2012-2013

2011-2012

2010-2011

2009-2010

2008-2009

2007-2008

2006-2007

1. Are the dates for

Ke Kahua o Ka Makahiki

The measurement of time in the Hawaiian calendar is based upon the rhythms of celestial bodies and

events. The movement of observed celestial bodies provide a way to track and measure time, while

celestial events mark transitioning points that aid in the prediction of environmental changes on Ka

Honua, the earth; as well as planning for or conducting subsistence, social, political, and religious

activities.

1. Celestial bodies that are used to track and measure time daily are:

a. ___________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________

2. The two daily transitions of celestial bodies that are referenced to measure time daily are:

a. ___________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________

3. The celestial body used to track and measure time monthly is ___________________________.

4. The lengths of the makahiki, kau, and manawa in the Hawaiian calendar are based upon

_____________________________________________________________________________.

5. The annual transitions that are referenced to measure time during the makahiki are: (Include

the corresponding dates with your answers.)

a. ____________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________

Other annual periods were measured and tracked based upon the arrival of

________________________ during the makahiki.

Here are some examples of how to make connections with the manawa:

• Every makahiki in Kona, Hawaii, the coffee trees are filled with flowers around the end of

Ho‘oilo-Ho‘oilo. Coffee is harvested from the end of Kau-Kau to the end of Ho‘oilo-La‘a-make.

• Makahiki preparations begin in Ho‘oilo-La‘a-make. Makahiki ends at the end of Ho‘oilo –

Ho‘oilo.

• The ‘ama‘ama (mullet) spawn during the manawa of Ho‘oilo – Ho ‘oilo, so we do not fish for

this fish during this time.

• What manawa were you born in? ________________________________________________

• What manawa is your favorite time of the makahiki? __________________________________

o Why is this your favorite time of the makahiki?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• What manawa is your favorite holiday in?____________________________________________

o What do you do during this manawa to prepare for your favorite holiday?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• What manawa do you think has the best weather? ____________________________________

o What is the weather like during this time of the makahiki?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________