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Learning Environments & City 2.0
@fredgarnett #SLERD2016 Timisoara 20 May 2016
Learning Environments & City 2.0
Learning EnvironmentsWeb 2.0Ambient Learning CityCity 2.0Conclusions;Timisoara 2.0;Open Scholars in Open Cities
Learning Environments A Brief History
Learning Environments & City 2.0
Learning Environments A Brief History
1 million years agoPlains; visionary, improv, Heutagogy 200,000 years agoCultural DNA (Pagel) mimetic Andragogy60,000 years ago…Maps; precise, didactic, Pedagogy
Not just academics but a species…
Organised Learning A Brief History
2,500 years agoPlato’s Academy; learning conversations1,000 years agoCity University; monotheistic (self-organized) communities of scholars150 years ago… (Polytechnics)Scientific, taxonomies, curricula
Learning Content A Brief History
2,500 Years AgoContent; what content? (Republic)1,000 Years Ago1-32 Books Content-Scarcity (Oxford Uni)100 years ago…Public Libraries; Reading as Learning Content-Surplus (Mechanical Reproduction)Now? User-Generated Content… OR Content Creation & Content Curation
Educational Design A Brief History
>Cosmologies>Taxonomies> Folksonomies
The problem with education is that;They impose taxonomies on learners
Instead of Folksonomies on Institutions…
(We could be cocreating open scholarship)
Web 2.0
Learning Environments & City 2.0
Web 2.0from
Access(internet)
toContent
(WorldWideWeb)
toContext
(Web2.0)
Web 2.0
I’m interested in social change through technology use;Technological Innovation Process TIP1771-2021 (in 50yr cycles)Kondratieff long-wave cycles of meta-technologies; microprocessorNetworks, Services, Users model
Web 2.0
TIP Effects of technology use;1st Order effects – planned use-ve 1st Order Effects – side-effects2nd Order Effects – unanticipated -ve 2nd Order effects – crises…Social change comes through 2nd Order Effects; Trains > Metroland
Web 2.0
Arguably in tech-enabled change; Change is socially dialogical
rather than intellectually dialectical
It comes from users modifying designers’ original intentions
So web 2.0 allows users to shape tech-use
Permanent beta, architectures of participation
So how can Web 2.0 help designers?
I helped designed a social network before social networks;Information Architecture 4 Civil SocietyFormed lastfridaymob; argued Public technology must be;
Creative, interactive, participative…
Web 2.0 & Learning
We formed Learner-Generated Contexts group (2006)“A coincidence of motivations leading to agile configurations”Open Context Model of LearningUsing a “development framework” the PAH Continuum
P A HTeacher
School
Teacher/Learner
Learner
Research
Cognition Epistemic
Cognition
Meta-Cognitio
n
Adult
Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy
From Andragogy to Heutagogy Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy Continuum
Pedagogy the institutionalisation of learning around facts, resource scarcity, subject disciplines; education as a delivery system (cognition)
Andragogy negotiated, collaborative, interest-driven learning brokered into ‘open’ spaces – at best the community is the curriculum (meta-cognition)
Heutagogy self-determined learning where learner creativity enables innovation (epistemic cognition)
We are interested in post-virtual models of learning
Web 2.0 & Context shaping
If web 2.0 with user-generated content & participative qualities Allows for “context-shaping” Can we design a development framework That allows us to shape learning contexts?
Ambient Learning City
Learning Environments & City 2.0
Ambient Learning City
fromAmbient(environmental)
toSmart
(wired)
toSocial (collaborative)
Ambient Learning City
Being “insanely ambitious”We decided to investigate howA multiple-context Ambient Learning City might workWe had Emergent Learning Model…Well! How did I get here?
Emergent Learning Model
Ambient Learning City
Emergent Learning ModelEducational design tool, neither institution nor student-centric butLearner-centric (learning-centric?)Education from the right…Learning from the left…
Emergent Learning Model
Ambient Learning City
In 2000 Proboscis created; “Urban Tapestries” in BrightonEnabling participative use of mobile phones in urban contexts In 2005 Mudlarking in Deptford 2006 Ealing Northala Ambient Learning Park then Kew Gardens
Interesting cityscapes come -
from sustained collaborative citizen action
Creekside Centre Sustainable build…
Used in Olympics 2012 build (IOC standard)
Urban Ecology rools OK!
Crofton Fields (Riverways project)
Recently celebrated on BBC TV Culture Show
For Art Walks (SLAW) & cultural regeneration
Social action
Cultural regeneration
Property speculation
Ambient Learning City
2007 EU-IST 7 Future of LearningFor the “classroom of the future” but learning context-responsive2010 Ambient Learning City>>2011 MOSI-ALONG Ambient Learning Open Network Group
Ambient Learning City
Ambient Learning City
1998 Lewisham Citizens ConnectCan the Internet be used to stimulate “Active Citizenship”?TaLENT Community Grid for Learning (CGfL) (CoP model)but Best CGfL in Manchester… learners.org
Ambient Learning City
Question; can we use our development framework toDesign interactive learning - In multiple contexts in Manchester1 Participative curatorial strategies2 Object-centred socialityHistory of Manchester in 100 objects
Ambient Learning City; New Metaphors
Digital / Cabinets of Curiosities
Ambient Learning City; New Models
Aggregate then Curate; Social Media Participation Model
Social Cities of Tomorrow
Some AnswersNew metaphors
New relationshipsObject-centred sociality
Participative curatorial strategiesAggregate then Curate
Post-institutional thinkingParticipatory Cities
Social cities not smart cities
Ambient Learning City
Answer; 1. New reframing metaphors;Digital Cabinets of Curiosity2. Non-taxonomy learning-model;Aggregate then CurateNo Taxonomies – interest-driven with QA of the learning process!
Ambient Learning City
Effectively we were getting our hands dirty on 2nd order effects; The problem was we were in an industrial city with 150 years experience of doing that…We were learning about contexts but we weren’t context-shaping…
Ambient Learning City
Question; how do we move from context-responsive processes to Context-shaping capabilities?What new problems do we need to solve… So that we can create a dialogical development process?
City 2.0 & CityZens
Learning Environments & City 2.0
Context-shaping in City 2.0
fromRepresentative
(19th century taxonomies)
toOpen
(access to hierarchy)
toParticipatory
(folksonomies / intangible culture)
Context-shaping in City 2.0
Smart Mobs +
Everything is Miscellaneous =
Here Comes Everybody
Enabling Consequences
Context
In 2010 Proboscis asked me to critically review their workI wrote “enabling consequences” about shaping second-order effectsAs generative innovations / platforms Giles Lane, as an artist & cultural broker, argued that they were…
Enabling Consequences
Context
“Moving Criteria across contexts”
Or what Steven Johnson callsexaptation
Or what we call#heutagogy or…
Context
Creativity! Playing with formCreating platforms for changeBUT!!!Are we using new technologies;To e-enable existing processesOr to Transform them?
Context
Manchester Historic knowledge context1845 Museums Act1850 Public Libraries Act1871 Education ActThe 19th century created a context where taxonomic hierarchies wereThe basis of institutional organisationStill in that form in the 21st century
Context
In an Internet of People @BenHammersley said that “network society cannot be born”Because people who grew up in hierarchies are still in POWERHow do we move from hierarchies to a participatory network society?
An Internet of People British Council Lecture 2011
Context
The Industrial Revolution threw a bomb into communitySeparating Home Work Leisure & Markets from each otherYet the digital revolution has the potential to…Re-integrate all our daily lives(If you want it)…
Context-shaping in City 2.0
fromSubject
(monarchy)
toCitizens
(constitutional monarchy)
toCityZens
(who knows?)
Context Engineering the Participatory CityMunicipality Smart City
City 2.0
City City Hall Real-time City Hall
Networked City Hall
Institutions Bricks & Mortar
Clicks & Mortar
Arch of Participation
Street Tarmac Wifi/Digital Context Engineering
Strategy Urban Plan Urban Vision
Collaborative Vision
Conclusion; Timisoara 2.0
Learning Environments & City 2.0
An Open City of Open Scholars
Timisoara 2.0
Conclusion; Timisoara 2.0
Become a Participatory Smart City Create Timispedia to curate its history & create its own identityBecome a Open Source City hub sharing/documenting its evolution…Become a City of Culture 2.0 crowd-sourcing cultural developmentsCreate a city product of participatory culture
Conclusion; Timisoara 2.0
For every risk…There is a chance
Mayor Brune, Nijmegen, April 2016
An Open City of Open Scholars
Timisoara 2.0
Learning Environments & City 2.0
@fredgarnett #SLERD2016 Timisoara 20 May 2016
Context Engineering the Participatory CityMunicipality Smart City
Participatory City 2.0
City City Hall Real-time City Hall
Distributed City Hall
Institution Bricks & Mortar
Clicks & Mortar
Arch of Participation
Street Tarmac Wifi/Digital Context Engineering
Strategy Urban Plan Urban Vision
Collaborative Vision
Participatory City Futures
Post-war and post-modern urban plan solutions
Participatory City Futures
Why are we talking about Smart Cities?…Social Cities, Hybrid Cities, Port Cities,City 2.0, Green Cities, Happy Cities, Future Cities, Messy Cities, Invisible CitiesTransition Towns, Planet of Slums?We are facing a “paradigm shift” in our thinking about cities…
Against the Smart City Adam Greenfield
Participatory City Futures
20 years ago I started teaching aboutInformation Systems in SocietyAs digital technology use developed beyond business organisations then…Their impact would be felt in our social livesThis would create a Kondratieff long-wave change process in our society (1971-2021)And we have a choice in what that means because we are the USERS of new tech
Participatory City Futures
Paradigm Shift (from Kuhn) features A transformation process not an elaboration of the existing (19th century) paradigmWith “debates about fundamentals” (or types of cities – as in this presentation)No need for “consensus-forming” around existing City Hall paradigm…“Smart Cities” approach by Intel Cisco IBM Siemens is exactly this “consensus-forming”
Participatory City Futures
BUT!As Hazel Henderson said
Technology is the essence of politics
Our technology choices createThe kind of society we live in
Participatory City Futures
Cities are where the eternal human conflictBetween settlers and nomads is resolvedSettlement requires ownershipNomads need to shareBut ownership & mobility are challenged by collaborative economy & smart phonesTetrad (Digital McLuhan) shows new tech; enhances^, >retrieves, <reverses, removes∨AND we have a choice IF we are informed
“Technology is the essence of politics”
But are we e-enabling or transforming?
Participatory City Futures
So, how do we engage with this social change process as it affects us day-by-day?How do we frame our thoughts on the kind of cities we want to live in?Web 2.0 holds potential for participation But existing organisations want more of the same (same as <the past only more intense)Transition Cities or privatised Municipalities?
Participatory City Futures
Some ideas from Origin of Spaces (EU)ZAWP – BilbaoRolling process of hyper-local partnerships, permanently debating w/the council “from action to process”LX Factory – LisboaHyper-cool Coworking hub, designing in a social mix. “Hoxton in a factory” a “post-welfare state” solutionROJC – Pula Rebuilding Civil Society (post Civil-War) through NGOsDarwin – Bordeaux Ecological transitions to a sustainable economy
Co-creating Coworking Spaces
“from action to process”
Lxfactory Lisboa
Participatory City Futures
On the design side we need…Development Frameworks to help the dialogical design of The city we choose to live in! Both for
Network Society & City 2.0 or…
CityZens Context EngineeringDevelopment Framework for Network Society
Context Engineering the Participatory CityMunicipality Smart City
Participatory City 2.0
City City Hall Real-time City Hall
Distributed City Hall
Institution Bricks & Mortar
Clicks & Mortar
Arch of Participation
Street Tarmac Wifi/Digital Context Engineering
Strategy Urban Plan Urban Vision
Collaborative Vision
Conclusions
Designing Participatory Smart Cities
Designing Participatory Smart Cities
1. CityZen action creates diverse city spaces 2. Web 2.0 allows dialogical user choices3. Social change needs new framing devices4. We can shape the contexts we live in5. Mashups maketh new – we need dialogical development frameworks that are CityZens-centric 6. CollaborativeVisioning…
Designing Participatory Smart Cities
ThankYou More information on this will be found in;Digital Futures and the City of Today (forthcoming 2016)Chapter with Context Engineer Dr. Carl Smith entitled…Context Shaping City 2.0; how to use Hybrid Technologies and Techniques to make the Smart City 2.0 participatory & Cityzen-centric
Designing Participatory Smart Cities
Some Resources&LinksUnsmart Cities blogThe City in History – Lewis MumfordDeptford Creekside CentreWhat is Web 2.0?Open Context Model of LearningEmergent Learning ModelAmbient Learning CityAggregate then CurateEverything is a MetaphorSocial Cities of TomorrowWhere Good Ideas come fromEnabling ConsequencesAgainst the Smart City
Designing Participatory Smart Cities
@fredgarnett http://bit.ly/CityPeeps
WikiQuals “Yes You Can!”Learning not Education
Liminal not Institutionalised Bio-diversity not Monoculture
Learner-centric not Student-centredLearner-generated not Course-defined
Community as Curriculum not Syllabus definedCommunity of Sqolars not Community of PracticePersonal Learning Networks not Content-delivery
Quality Assured not Quality ControlledDynamic Quality not Static Quaity
Affinity not SupervisionEmergent not Linear
Trust the learner to be themselves; Identity…