Learning Goals Learning Goals ► The students will understand the The students will understand the Reconstruction treaties the U.S. Reconstruction treaties the U.S. Government signed with the Five Government signed with the Five Civilized Tribes Civilized Tribes
Transcript
Slide 1
Learning Goals The students will understand the Reconstruction
treaties the U.S. Government signed with the Five Civilized
Tribes
Slide 2
Reconstruction Treaties Reconstruction Treaties with the Five
Tribes reduced the land of those tribes to about half its previous
size. They divided what had once been Indian Territory into two
distinct parts.
Slide 3
Indian Territory Indian Territory did not actually belong to
the United States and was not a part of the political make-up of
the nation. Only those lands which had not been assigned to Indian
tribes were under the direct jurisdiction of the United States
Government. Indian agencies were established in the new tribal
territories, and Indian agents were assigned there to distribute
goods and services owed the tribes.
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Goods and Services Services provided medical care and education
to replace the schools which were left behind or to train Indians
for a necessarily new way of life, and new medicine to replace the
traditional medicine which was by nature a regional art. Each tribe
or confederacy of tribes governed itself. The tribes made their own
laws and set the penalties for breaking those laws. They provided
their own police forces and patrolled their own boundaries. The
greater a tribes need the more control the United States had. The
Civil War not only reduced tribal lands but also reduced Indian
power. The reservation era was a whole new proposition for all
Native Americans.
Slide 5
The Leased District After the Civil War the entire western half
of Indian Territory was available for settlement by western tribes
Tribes the government intended to remove from areas of the Western
Plains and resettle in the Territory.
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Medicine Lodge Peace Council Indian Lodge at Medicine Creek,
Kansas. Scece of the Indian Peace Council In October 1867 a peace
council met at Medicine Lodge Creek in Kansas. Among the well known
Indian representatives were Satanta, Wolfs Sleeve, Ten Bears, and
Black Kettle. The commission warned that the buffalo were
disappearing and that for survival the chiefs should take their
people to reservations to learn to farm. The Commissioners left
Washington with instructions to accomplish three things Prevent
Indian attacks on white emigrants and settlers Stop Indian wars by
removing their cause Convince Indians the become farmers and
stockmen stopping their restless wandering about in search of a
precarious living by hunting buffaloes and other game.
Slide 7
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Broken Promises The Medicine Lodge treaties further reduced the
tribal lands specified in the 1865 treaties. Despite their peaceful
promises the government did not deliver the goods and services
exchanged for depleted tribal lands Young Warriors believed that
the United States had broken the treaty and Therefore the Indians
were no longer bound by it. Many of them left the reservations and
made their way north looting and raiding en route.
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Treaty Violations White settlers coveting Indian lands pressed
into areas stipulated in current treaties as tribal lands. The
government wanted more tribal land reductions to satisfy the
ever-moving frontier. Angry Indians, who could not depend on
government agents to protect their territories, retaliated against
poachers. This brought the military to control marauding Indians.
The summer of 1867 saw constant warring between the Unites States
Army in the west and the Kiowa's, Comanche's, Cheyenne's,
Arapahoe's, and Apaches.
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General Custer
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Battle of the Washita In retaliation, Colonel George Armstrong
Custer and the Seventh Cavalry attacked Black Kettles peaceful band
camped on the Washita River. On November 27, 1868 in another early
morning attack, Custer virtually annihilated the unsuspecting
Indians. He killed 102 warriors many women and children, and
slaughtered a herd of 800 horses. Black Kettle was shot and killed
as he fled on horseback across the Washita River.
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Conquering the Indians Battles and skirmishes between the army
and the Indians continued. The army patrolled the reservations in
Western Indian Territory. Young Indian Warriors slipped away to
raid Texas and Kansas farms and ranches. In 1871, the government
declared that no Indian tribes were sovereign and that they no
longer would be treated as free and independent states.
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Slide 14
Americanization and Reservations During the conquest of the
western and Plains Tribes as well as the constant removal of the
tribes of the Old Northwest some tribes suffered great wrongs. One
policy seemed to remain constant throughout the dealings of the
United States with the Indians, and that was that the Indians
should be Americanized The reservation Indians were given their
rations and taught to farm and raise livestock. If they resisted
Americanization agents were instructed to withhold supplies. Indian
children who spoke tribal languages were punished in school.
Ministers and teachers berates the customary tribal dress and
hairstyles. All signs of Indian culture were to be obliterated, if
possible.
Slide 15
Chapter 10 Quiz 1.) What did the Reconstruction treaties do to
the Five tribes in terms of their land? a.) It made all of their
land open to settlement b.) It made the Indian land about half the
size it was c.) It kept the Indian land the same size as it was 2.)
How was the Indian territory governed? a.) It was governed by the
Indian agencies b.) It was governed by the United States Government
c.) It was governed by the Union states 3.) What part of the Indian
territory became available for settlement after the Civil War? a.)
The Southern Half b.) The Eastern Half c.) The Western Half 4.)
What warning was given at the Medicine Lodge Peace Council? a.)
That the Indians should move to reservations in the East and farm
b.) That the Indians were being threatened and the only way they
could ever have peace was to keep fighting the White settlers and
gain their independence from them c.) That the Indians needed to
relocate to the West and farm 5.) Name a result of the Medicine
Lodge Treaties. a.) It created peace and stability while
maintaining the boundaries of Indian Territory b.) It further
reduced Indian Territory lands c.) It led to beginning of trust
between the Indian nations and the U.S. Government 6.) Name the
attack where the Seventh Cavalry entered an Indian camp and
slaughtered 102 Indian warriors? a.) Battle of Black Kettle b.)
Battle of Round Mountain c.) Battle of the Washita 7.) What
declaration was made by the U.S. Government in 1871? a.) That
Indian tribes no longer would be treated as free and independent
b.) That Indian tribes were to continue governing their own
reservation land and that no more interference by the U.S.
Government was to be allowed c.) That the hunting of buffalo was
not to be allowed anymore due to reducing the Indians most valuable
resource. 8.) What happened to Indians who resisted agents who were
enforcing the idea that the Indians should be Americanized? a.)
They were relocated to the detention camps back in Tampa Bay b.)
They were forced to relocated on reservations further west in the
United States c.) Goods and services promised by the U.S.
Government through various treaties would be withheld 9.) Name the
biggest reason the U.S. Government wanted the Indians to farm? a.)
Because it would reduce the Indians exposure to the White settlers
b.) Because the buffalo was going extinct. c.) Because the U.S.
Government needed another cheap source of food from the Indians.
10.) What General led the seventh cavalry that attacked and killed
102 Indian warriors? a.) General Stand Waite b.) General George
Custer c.) General Stonewall Jackson
Slide 16
Chapter 10 Quiz 1.) What did the Reconstruction treaties do to
the Five tribes in terms of their land? 2.) How was the Indian
territory governed? a.) It was governed by the Indian agencies b.)
It was governed by the United States Government c.) It was governed
by the Union states 3.) What part of the Indian territory became
available for settlement after the Civil War? 4.) What warning was
given at the Medicine Lodge Peace Council? a.) That the Indians
should move to reservations in the East and farm b.) That the
Indians were being threatened and the only way they could ever have
peace was to keep fighting the White settlers and gain their
independence from them c.) That the Indians needed to relocate to
the West and farm 5.) Name a result of the Medicine Lodge Treaties.
a.) It created peace and stability while maintaining the boundaries
of Indian Territory b.) It further reduced Indian Territory lands
c.) It led to beginning of trust between the Indian nations and the
U.S. Government 6.) Name the attack where the Seventh Cavalry
entered an Indian camp and slaughtered 102 Indian warriors? a.)
Battle of Black Kettle b.) Battle of Round Mountain c.) Battle of
the Washita 7.) What declaration was made by the U.S. Government in
1871? a.) That Indian tribes no longer would be treated as free and
independent b.) That Indian tribes were to continue governing their
own reservation land and that no more interference by the U.S.
Government was to be allowed c.) That the hunting of buffalo was
not to be allowed anymore due to reducing the Indians most valuable
resource. 8.) What happened to Indians who resisted agents who were
enforcing the idea that the Indians should be Americanized? 9.)
Name the biggest reason the U.S. Government wanted the Indians to
farm? 10.) What General led the seventh cavalry that attacked and
killed 102 Indian warriors?