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Learning Outcomes 3.1.1: Describe the difference between
international and internal migration. 3.1.2: Identify the principal
sources of immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. migration.
3.2.1: Describe the history of interregional migration in the
United States. 3.2.2: Describe interregional migration in Russia
and Canada. 3.2.3: Describe interregional migration in Canada,
China, and Brazil. 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.3.2: Summarize
the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia.
Learning Outcomes 3.2.4: Explain differences among the three forms
of intraregional migration. 3.3.1: Provide examples of political,
environmental, and economic push and pull factors. 3.3.2: Summarize
the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia. 3.4.1: Identify
the types of immigrants who are given preference to enter the
United States. 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.4.3 Describe
characteristics of immigrants to the United States.
Learning Outcomes 3.4.2: Describe the population characteristics of
unauthorized immigrants to the United States. 3.4.3 Describe
characteristics of immigrants to the United States. 3.4.4: Compare
American and European attitudes toward immigrants. 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Migration What Geographers Study
Migration What Geographers Study Geographers document from where
people migrate and to where they migrate. They also study reasons
why people migrate. International Migration
20## Pearson Education, Inc. Where are migrants distributed?
Key Issues Where are migrants distributed? Where do people migrate
within a country? Why do people migrate? Why do migrants face
obstacles? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration 3.1.1: Describe
the difference between international and internal migration.
Mobility is most generalized term that refers to all types of
movements Journeying each day to work or school Weekly visits to
local shops Annual trips to visit relatives who live in a different
state Short-term and repetitive acts of mobility are referred to as
circulation. Ex. College students moving to college each fall and
returning home each spring 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration
is a type of Spatial Interaction
Measuring Interaction Distance Decay The Gravity Concept
Interaction Potential Movement Biases Spatial Interaction Measuring
Interaction Friction of Distance
Distance has a retarding effect on human interaction because there
are increasing penalties in time and cost associated with longer
distance, more expensive interchanges The friction of distance is
reduced by lower costs.Geographically speaking, what effect did the
automobile have on the United States? Distance Decay The decline of
an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of
origin. the inverse square relationship?
The volume of interaction (flow) between two points is inversely
related to the square of the distance separating them. Sovolume of
flow between two places 50 miles apart would probably be only of
that between places 25 miles apart. CostTimePerception?
Why is the inverse square relationship difficult to apply to human
spatial interaction? The problem is that distance is only one
factor of transferabilityWhat other factors influence our
decisions? CostTimePerception? Spatial Interaction (cont.)
Measuring Interaction The Gravity Concept The physical laws of
gravity and motion developed by Sir Isaac Newton ( ) are applicable
to aggregate actions of humans A large city is more likely to
attract an individual than is a small hamletMore opportunity (real
and perceived) Spatial Interaction Measuring Interaction
(cont.)
Movement BiasOr If you build it, they will comeAnchor
chains/Stores/ Mall of America? Predictable flows making some
centers more attractive to merchants and customers What movement
biases exist with migration?? Spatial Interaction Distance Bias-
distance decay favoring short interactions over long ones Direction
Bias East/West Bias in the US (google earth Hwy map Network Bias
movement along existing networks/routes self-reinforcing
mechanism.Where would you site a new restaurant in the Chippewa
Valley? Human Spatial Behavior
Mobility vs. Migration Circulation mobility Daily/temporary use of
space for travel/work/school/ commerce etc. Migration mobility
(Permanent relocation) Individual Activity Space Territoriality
Varies by culture Activity space is determined by: Stage in life
Mobility (economic) Opportunity Time Spatial Behavior: Linking
concepts..
Zelinskis model links migration to the demographic transition A
permanent move to a new location constitutes migration.
Migration 3.1.1: Describe the difference between international and
internal migration. Migration A permanent move to a new location
constitutes migration. Emigration is migration from a location.
Immigration is migration to a location. Place A can have
individuals migrating away from and to it. Emigrant: Place A Place
B Immigrant: Place B Place A Difference between the number of
immigrants and number emigrants is a places net migration. The flow
of migration always involves two-way connections. If number of
immigrants exceeds the number of emigrants, then a positive net
migration exists. If number of emigrants exceeds the number of
immigrants, then a negative net migration exists. 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Ravensteins laws for the distance that migrants
typically move
Distance of Migration Ravensteins laws for the distance that
migrants typically move Most migrants relocate a short distance and
remain within the same country. Long-distance migrants to other
countries head for major centers of economic activity. 19th Century
geographer E. G. Ravenstein wrote a series of laws about the
tendencies of migrants. At the time, the word, law, was known to
mean theory. 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration can be divided
into two categories.
International Migration- permanent move from one country to another
Voluntary: motivated by perceived economic or quality of life
improvement. Forced: motivated by political or environmental
factors. Internal Migration- permanent move within the same country
Interregional: from one region to another. i.e. rural to urban.
Intraregional: within a region. i.e. central city to a newer
suburban center. International Migration- Voluntary international
migration could be motivated by perceived economic or quality of
life improvement. Forced international migration is motivated by
political or environmental factors. Internal Migration-
Interregional movement from one region to another. i.e. rural to
urban. Intraregional- movement within a region. i.e. central city
to a newer suburban center. CHINA FIGURE 3.4 INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNAL MIGRATION
Mexico has international migration into the country from Central
America and out of the country to the United States. Mexico also
has internal migration, especially interregional migration to
states near the U.S. border and intraregional migration into Mexico
City. FIGURE 3.4 INTERNATIONAL AND INTERNAL MIGRATIONMexico has
international migration into the country from Central America and
out of the country to the United States. Mexico also has internal
migration, especially interregional migration to states near the
U.S. border and intraregional migration into Mexico City.
International Migration Patterns
Approximately 9 percent of the worlds people are international
migrants. Global pattern reflects migration tendencies from
developing countries to developed countries. Net Out-Migration
Asia, Latin America, and Africa Net In-Migration North America,
Europe, and Oceania 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. International
Migration Patterns
FIGURE 3-6 GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS The width of the arrows shows
the amount of net migration between regions of the world. Countries
with net in-migration are in red, and those with net outmigration
are in blue. The width of the arrows shows the amount of net
migration between regions of the world. Countries with net
in-migration are in red, and those with net outmigration are in
blue. Three main eras of immigration in the U.S.
U.S. Immigration Patterns : Identify the principal sources of
immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. migration. U.S. has
more foreign-born residents than any other country: approximately
43 million as of 2010growing by 1 million annually. Three main eras
of immigration in the U.S. Colonial settlement in seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries Mass European immigration in the late 19th and
early twentieth centuries Asian and Latin American integration in
the late Twentieth and early twenty-first centuries First era was
marked by immigration from Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most from
Africa were forced to migrate as slaves. In the beginning of the
second era, most migrants came from northern and western Europe. By
the turn of the 20th Century, most migrants came from southern and
eastern Europe. Third era marked a shift in the sending continents.
Asia and Latin America were primary places of migrant origins. 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. 19th -20th centuries: 1840s to 1870s:
Ireland and Germany
3.1.2: Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the
three main eras of U.S. migration. 17th & 18th Centuries:2
million Europeans mostly Great Britain (90%), W. Europe and Africa
(slavery:400,000 legally importedafter 1808, 250,000 illegally
impoted) 19th -20th centuries:1840s to 1870s:Ireland and Germany
1880s Scandinavia Early 1900s:Shift to East and Southern Europe
FIGURE 3-7 IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES Europeans comprised
more than 90 percent of immigrants to the United States during the
nineteenth century.Since the 1980s, Latin American and Asia have
been the dominant sources of immigrants. FIGURE 3-8 DESTINATION OF
IMMIGRANTS BY U.S. STATE California, New York, Florida, and Texas
are the leading destinations for immigrants. Elimination of Country
Quota system in the 60s in favor of a
3.1.2: Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the
three main eras of U.S. migration. Elimination of Country Quota
system in the 60s in favor of a Institution of a Family preference
system Latin American:Primarily Mexico Asian:China, Philippines,
India, Vietnam FIGURE 3-7 IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES
Europeans comprised more than 90 percent of immigrants to the
United States during the nineteenth century.Since the 1980s, Latin
American and Asia have been the dominant sources of immigrants.
FIGURE 3-8 DESTINATION OF IMMIGRANTS BY U.S. STATE California, New
York, Florida, and Texas are the leading destinations for
immigrants. 3.1.2: Identify the principal sources of immigrants
during the three main eras of U.S. migration.
California, New York, Florida, and Texas are the leading
destinations for immigrants.Why?? FIGURE 3-8 DESTINATION OF
IMMIGRANTS BY U.S. STATE California, New York, Florida, and Texas
are the leading destinations for immigrants. Round-Table Disc: Kuby
4: Act. 4 Discussion Questions
Assignment 1 Questions Kuby Evaluation Human Geography 10e 4.1What
were the extreme values?Why were these states over/underestimated
by the gravity model? 4.2In general, how did the gravity model
fare?Do the predictions hold up? 4.3 How is distance a deterrent to
migration?
Kuby Evaluation Human Geography 10e 4.3How is distance a deterrent
to migration? Distance acts as a deterrent to migration in several
ways: cost, information, and intervening opportunities. The farther
apart two places are, the more expensive it is to move between
them. Also, people are unlikely to move to a place they know
nothing about, and they tend to know less about distant places than
about those nearby places. And finally, the farther apart two
places are the greater the likelihood of intervening opportunities.
Kuby Evaluation Human Geography 10e 4.4Justify the use of
population as the numerator in the gravity model.Can you suggest a
variable that might be preferable to population as a measure of the
sending power of a state or province? Population is justified in
the gravity model because the more people live in a state, the more
potential migrants there are. If distance were held constant, one
would expect migration to be proportional to the population of a
state. However, a better measure of the sending power of a state
would take into account not only how many people live in a state,
but also what kinds of people are most likely to move. Therefore,
there might be a higher weighting on young adults and highly
educated people who move more frequently than othersother factors??
Kuby Evaluation 4.5 Along the 45* = an accurate prediction
Human Geography 10e 4.5Along the 45* = an accurate prediction *For
points below the line, actual migration is greater than predicted
migration, the gravity model predictions underestimate migration,
and residuals (actual predicted migration) are positive. *For
points above the line, predicted migration is larger than
actualmigration, the gravity model predictions overestimate
migration, and residuals are negative. Kuby Evaluation Human
Geography 10e 4.6 Groups of states that are over or under
predicted? * possible explanations? 4.7 Other variables that we
might use to reduce those residuals identified in 4.6? * Economic?
* Age? * Gender? * Climate? For Tuesday Complete Assignment 2 for
Tuesday
Remember to complete Article Reviews by Thursday Who is moving??
Assignment 1 Review Migration between Regions in Large
Countries
The Worlds five largest countries in land area are Russia, Canada,
China, the U.S., and Brazil. Each Country has experienced
significant internal migration trends Where Do People Migrate
within a Country?
U.S. Interregional Migration Perceived economic betterment
typically compels individuals to make interregional migrations.
Historically- enticement of abundant available land on the American
Frontier. Presently- most jobs, especially in services, are
clustered in urban areas. Center of population gravity refers to
the countrys center of population, as calculated by the U.S. Census
Bureau. Conceptually, if the United States were a flat plane placed
on top of a pin, and each individual weighed the same, the
population center would be the point where the population
distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the pin. United
States Interregional Migration
Westward expansion contributed to a shift in the center of
population. Center of population gravity FIGURE 3-9 CHANGING CENTER
OF U.S. POPULATIONThe population center is the average location of
everyone in the country, the center of population gravity. If the
United States were a flat plane placed on top of a pin, and each
individual weighed the same, the population center would be the
point where the population distribution causes the flat plane to
balance on the head of a pin. Wells, Pumps, Aqueducts, Mosquito
Control and Air Conditioning have allowed this move which otherwise
would be impossible. Loss of Industrial Jobs in east compliments
increase in Sunbelt service sector (biotech, communications).
Voluntary African-American Migrations
Blacks moved to Industrial Belt (i.e., Chicago, New York, Detroit)
and Los Angeles during World Wars (labor shortages). United States
Decline in Interregional Migration
Net Migration Map Whats Going On? U.S. News and World Report FIGURE
3-10 RECENT INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES Figures
show average annual migration (in thousands) in 1995 (top) and 2010
(bottom). DetroitPopulation decline Declining Mobility FIGURE 3-24
PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS MOVING IN A YEAR The percentage has
declined from 20 percent in the 1980s to 12 percent in the 2010s.
FIGURE 3-24 PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS MOVING IN A YEAR The percentage
has declined from 20 percent in the 1980s to 12 percent in the
2010s. FIGURE 3-11 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: RUSSIA Russias
population is clustered in the west of the country, nearest to
Europe. FIGURE 3-11 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: RUSSIA Russias
population is clustered in the west of the country, nearest to
Europe. Russia: Interregional migration was encouraged eastward and
northward by the governments decision to locate new factories and
to offer economic incentives away from existing population
concentrations. Migration between Regions in Large Countries
Canada: Shares a similar east to west interregional migration
pattern with the U.S. Three westernmost provinces are destinations
for interregional migrants. Migration between Regions in Large
Countries
China: Nearly 100 million people have emigrated in recent years
from rural interior to large urban areas along east coast where
manufacturing is prevalent. From Farm to City Leaving The Land Act.
Migration between Regions in Large Countries
Brazil: Government moved its capital from Rio De Janeiro to Braslia
(600 miles from Atlantic Coast) to encourage migration of Atlantic
coast residents to move to the interior. Migration between Regions
in Large Countries
Brazil: Government moved its capital from Rio De Janeiro to Braslia
(600 miles from Atlantic Coast) to encourage migration of Atlantic
coast residents to move to the interior. Google Earth Brasilia
Intraregional Migration
Since Industrial Revolution began in Europe in nineteenth century,
there has been a global trend for individuals to migrate from rural
to urban areas Percentage of urbanized population in U.S. 1800: 5
percent 1920: 50 percent 2010: 80 percent Motivated by economic
advancement What are the rural push factors??? Intraregional
Migration
Most intraregional migration in developed countries is from cities
out to surrounding suburbs. Motivated not by economic advancement
but by a desired lifestyle Additional privacy associated with
single-family detached houses Often superior suburban schools Less
Noise, Crime, etc. Intraregional Migrations in U.S. and other
developed countries
The U.S. population has been moving out of the city centers to the
suburbs: suburbanization and counterurbanization Suburbanization
automobiles and roads American Dream better services
Counterurbanization idyllic settings Counterurbanization most
prevalent in places rich with natural amenities.Rocky Mountain
States (Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming) cost of land for
retirement slow pace, yet high tech connections to services and
markets Moving to Bloomer U.S. intraregional migration during
1990s. Complete article reviews for Friday
For Thursday: Complete Assignment 3 Complete article reviews for
Friday FIGURE 3-24 PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS MOVING IN A YEAR The
percentage has declined from 20 percent in the 1980s to 12 percent
in the 2010s. Why??? 20## Pearson Education, Inc. People decide to
migrate because of a combination of two factors.
Why Do People Migrate? People decide to migrate because of a
combination of two factors. Push factors induce people to move out
of their present location. Pull factors induce people to move into
a new location. Three major types of push and pull factors
Political Environmental Economic Ravensteins laws help geographers
make generalizations about where and how far people move. Most
people migrate for economic reasons. Political and environmental
also induce migration but less often. L.O: 3.3.1: Provide examples
of political, environmental, and economic push and pull factors.
Reasons for Migrating: Political Factors
Political factors can be especially compelling push factors,
forcing people to migrate from a country. Political factors also
comprise some of the most visible examples of migration L.O: 3.3.1:
Provide examples of political, environmental, and economic push and
pull factors. Reasons for Migrating: Political Factors
United Nations High Commissions for Refugees recognizes three
groups of forced political migrants. A refugee has been forced to
migrate to avoid a potential threat to his or her life, and he or
she cannot return for fear of persecution. An internally displaced
person (IDP) is similar to a refugee, but he or she has not
migrated across an international border. An asylum seeker is
someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being
recognized as a refugee. L.O: 3.3.1: Provide examples of political,
environmental, and economic push and pull factors. FIGURE 3-25
POLITICAL FACTORS: REFUGEES AND IDPS The largest numbers of
refugees originated in Southwest Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
FIGURE 3-25 POLITICAL FACTORS: REFUGEES AND IDPS The largest
numbers of refugees originated in Southwest Asia and sub-Saharan
Africa. L.O: 3.3.1: Provide examples of political, environmental,
and economic push and pull factors. Reasons for Migrating:
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors can prompt migration from hazardous
environments or pull migrants to attractive regions. Environmental
Pull Factors Mountains Seasides Warm Climates Environmental Push
Factors Water: most common environmental threat Flood Drought
Hundreds of thousands have been forced to move from the Sahel
region of northern Africa because of drought conditions. L.O:
3.3.1: Provide examples of political, environmental, and economic
push and pull factors. Reasons for Migrating: Economic
Factors
Most people migrate for economic reasons. Push factor: migrate away
from places with few jobs Pull factor: migrate to places where jobs
seem to be available U.S. and Canada have been prominent
destinations for economic migrants. Historically individuals
migrated from Europe. More recently Latin America and Asia are
primary senders. Relative attractiveness of a region can shift with
economic change. Migration rates have decreased since the onset of
the 2008 recession in the U.S. L.O: 3.3.1: Provide examples of
political, environmental, and economic push and pull factors. L.O:
3.3.2: Summarize the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia.
Reasons for Migrating: Economic Factors
Migrant Workers in Europe After WWI migrant workers were invited
into Europe as guest workers.Germany had the most pronounced guest
worker program. Originally meant to be temporary residence
Origins?? Many of those temporary guest workers became permanent
residents Migrant workers in Asia Internal migration in China is
the largest Large numbers of Chinese migrant workers in SE Asia as
well SW Asian Oil states? Migrant workers in the Americas Relative
attractiveness of a region can shift with economic change.
Migration rates have decreased since the onset of the 2008
recession in the U.S. L.O: 3.3.2: Summarize the flows of migrant
workers in Europe and Asia. Migrant Workers Foreign Workers
Struggle in Malaysia Slaves of Dubai For Friday: Webquest (in Class
Today)
Assignment 4 due Friday with article reviews L.O: 3.3.1: Provide
examples of political, environmental, and economic push and pull
factors. L.O: 3.3.2: Summarize the flows of migrant workers in
Europe and Asia. Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles?
Intervening obstacles, which hinder migration, can be categorized
into two types. Environmental Feature- i.e., mountain, ocean, or
distance Political Feature- i.e., countries require proper
documentation to leave one country and gain entry in another or mar
bar immigration entirely. . Before the advancements in
transportation, environmental features were more hindering than
political features. More recently, political features are now more
hindering. Controlling Migration: U.S. Policy
The Quota Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act of 1924 passed
by the U.S. Congress marked the end of unrestricted immigration to
the U.S. The global quota was set to 700,000 in 1990. 3.4.1:
Identify the types of immigrants who are given preference to enter
the United States. Controlling Migration: U.S. Policy
The global quota was set to 700,000 in 1990. The Quota Act of 1921
and the National Origins Act of 1924 were repealed in the 60s in
favor of aInstitution of a Family preference system. The global
quota was set to 700,000 in 1990. 3.4.1: Identify the types of
immigrants who are given preference to enter the United States.
Controlling Migration: U.S. Policy
Reading:Immigration Act of 1924 What was the goal of the Act? List
the provisions of the Act that were designed to meet that goal. Was
the Act successful? 3.4.1: Identify the types of immigrants who are
given preference to enter the United States. Controlling
Migration
More seek admission to the U.S. than is permitted by the quotas,
thus preferences are shown toward: Family Reunification About of
immigrants Skilled Workers Approximately of immigrants Sending
countries allegedpreference for skilled workers contributes to
brain drain- a term for the disproportionate amount of highly
skilled and intelligent citizens migrating away from sending
countries. Diversity A few immigrants admitted, because their
sending country historically has sent very few migrants Quotas do
not apply to refugees. Characteristics of Immigrants
Characteristics of Migrants Ravenstein noted: Most long-distance
migrants are male. Most long-distance migrants are adult
individuals rather than families with children. Most long-distance
migrants are young adults seeking work rather than children or
elderly people. Characteristics of Immigrants
Characteristics of Migrants More males migrated to the U.S. during
the nineteenth century and most of the twentieth century. Gender
reversed in 1990s when women constituted about 55 percent of U.S.
immigrants. Most likely a reflection of the changing role of women
in Mexican society. About 40 percent of immigrants in U.S. are
young adults between the ages of 25 and 39. Recent immigrants to
the U.S. tend to be less educated than U.S. citizens. Unauthorized
Immigration
Unauthorized immigrants are those who enter a country without
proper documents. Characteristics of unauthorized immigrates in the
U.S. Source Country Roughly 58 percent emigrate from Mexico
Children Of estimated 11.2 million unauthorized immigrants, nearly
1 million are childrenThe Dreamers Unauthorized immigrants have
given birth to 4.5 million children on U.S. soil making the
children U.S. citizens. 3.4.2: Describe the population
characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States.
3.4.3 Describe characteristics of immigrants to the United States.
FIGURE 3-34 NUMBER OF UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED
STATES
3.4.2: Describe the population characteristics of unauthorized
immigrants to the United States. Unauthorized Immigration
Years in the U.S. Duration of residency has increased for
unauthorized immigrants. In 2010, 35 percent of adults had been in
U.S. for at least 15 years. Labor Force Approximately 8 million
unauthorized immigrants are employed in the U.S.A New Bracero??
Distribution Texas and California have largest number of
unauthorized immigrants 3.4.2: Describe the population
characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States.
Unauthorized Immigration
Mexicos Border with the United States U.S. PerspectivePull factors
Employment Opportunities Family Reunification Better Way of Life
The View from Mexico is more complex Residents of northern Mexico
wish for compassion to be shown to unauthorized immigrants.Why??
Residents of southern Mexico are less tolerant because of number of
unauthorized immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala. Mexicos
government estimates nearly 2 million people a year cross into
Mexico illegally through its southern border. 3.4.2: Describe the
population characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United
States. Attitudes toward Immigrants
Immigration Concerns in the U.S. Most views of immigration by U.S.
citizens are ambivalent in nature. Border Patrol They would like
more effective border control, but they dont want to spend more
money to solve the issue. Workplace Most recognize that
unauthorized immigrants take jobs from U.S. citizens, but they
understand most citizens wouldnt take the jobs so they support a
path to U.S. citizenship for these unauthorized immigrants.
Amnesty? the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act Election year
viewpoints?? The effect of terrorism and its perceived threat??
3.4.2: Describe the population characteristics of unauthorized
immigrants to the United States. Attitudes toward Immigrants
Civil Rights U.S. citizens favor letting law enforcement officials
stop and verify the legal status of anyone, but they fear civil
rights will be infringed upon of U.S. citizens, as a result of
racial profiling. Local Initiatives Polls suggest U.S. citizens
believe unauthorized immigration is a pressing matter to the
nation, but it should only be dealt with at the federal level and
not the local level. Many were opposed to Arizonas 2010 law that
obligated foreigners to carry a proof of citizenship with them at
all times and required police to stop and check people who looked
like immigrants. More than 100 localities across the nation support
additional rights for unauthorized immigrantssuch a movement is
known as a Sanctuary City. 3.4.2: Describe the population
characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States.
Attitudes toward Immigrants
Immigration Concerns in Europe Population growth in Europe is
fueled by immigration from other regions of the world, a trend
disliked by many Europeans. Biggest fear is that the host countrys
culture will be lost, because immigrants: adhere to different
religions speak different languages practice different food and
other cultural habits Hostility to immigrants has become a central
plank of some political parties in many European countries.
Immigrants blamed for crime, unemployment rates, and high welfare
costs. 3.4.4: Compare American and European attitudes toward
immigrants. FIGURE 3-43 MIGRATION FLOWS WITHIN EUROPE The largest
flows are from Poland to Germany and from Romania to Spain. Whats
missing?? FIGURE 3-44 IMMIGRATION CONTROVERY IN FRANCE
Demonstrations supporting (top) more rights for immigrants and
(bottom) tighter immigration controls. FIGURE 3-44 IMMIGRATION
CONTROVERY IN FRANCE Demonstrations supporting (top) more rights
for immigrants and (bottom) tighter immigration controls. Attitudes
toward Immigrants
Europeans as Emigrants Inhospitable climate for immigrants in
Europe is especially ironic. Europe was the source of most of the
worlds emigrants, during the nineteenth century. Most Europeans
fear losing their cultural heritage to that of new immigrants,
while: Indo-European languages are now spoken by half of the world,
as a result of European emigrants. Christianity has the worlds
largest number of adherents. European art, music, literature,
philosophy, and ethics have diffused throughout the world. Summary
On a global scale, the largest flows of migrants are from Asia to
Europe and from Latin America to the U.S. Third-world to
first-world The decision to migrate is a conclusion influenced by a
mixture of push and pull factors. Migrants face obstacles in
migrating not as much by environmental factors anymore but by
political or cultural factors. Summary Worldwide, the most
prominent type of intraregional migration is from rural areas to
urban areas. In the U.S., it is from cities to suburbs. Americans
and Europeans share mixed views about immigration. They recognize
their importance to the local economy, but key features of
immigration trouble them.