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Before we continue studying let’s smile together
Styles : general characteristics of intellectual
function.
Every student has different styles in learning,
most of students gravitate to one of these
main learning styles
They can usually adapt to another style if
necessary.
When designing or teaching a course, you should
look for opportunities to incorporate learning
experiences and activities that appeal to each
learning style to increase the likelihood of learner
success.
Teenager AdultChildren
Up to the age of about eleven(11)
Should be fun and naturalIntroducing songs and games
Simple vocabulary and structure
Absence of stress
More sensitive to anything that
touches the senses (touch, see,
listen, smell, taste)
react easily to physical objects
Between twelve (12) and eighteen (18)
More increasing capacities for abstraction as result of intellectual maturation.
Feel uncomfortable and shy to follow instructions in a language class
Bring egos into a classroom when doing physical responses may be critical for older students.
teenagers may demand to know the rules and the meanings in their language.
Some appropriate methods Grammar Translation Method, Community Language Learning and Counseling-Learning theory.
engage with abstract thought
have a whole range of life experience
have expectations about learning process,
and may have their own set patterns of
learning.
Discipline and prepared to struggle on
despite the boredom.
have rich of experiences which allow to use
a wide range of activities.
Understand purpose of learning and
what they want to get out of it.
Learner Styles
Aptitude
Good Learner
Characteristics
Some students are better at learning languages than others. At least that is the generally held view, and in the 1950s and 1960s it crystallized around the belief that it was possible to predict a student’s future progress on the basic of linguistic aptitude tests. But it soon became clear that such tests were flawed in a number of ways. They did not appear to measure anything other than general intellectual ability even though they ostensibly looked for linguistic talents. Further, they favored analytic-type learners over their more ‘holistic’ counterparts, so that the tests were especially suited to people who have little trouble doing grammar-focused tasks
Neil Naiman and his colleagues included a tolerance of ambiguity as a feature of good learning together with areas such as positive task orientation (being prepared to approach tasks in a positive fashion), ego involvement (where success is important for a student’s self-image), high aspirations, goal orientation, and perseverance. Joan Rubin and Irene Thompson version of a good learner also mentions students who can find their own way (without always having to be guided by the teacher through learning tasks), who are creative, who make intelligent guesses, who make their own opportunities for practice, who make errors work for them not against them, and who use contextual clues
Convergers: by nature solitary, avoid groups,
independent and confident in their own abilities.
analytic, impose own structures on learning. cool and
pragmatic.
Conformists: emphasise learning ‘about language’ over
learning to use it. dependent, to work in non-
communicative classrooms, doing what they are told. see
well-organised teachers.
Concrete learner: like conformists, enjoy the social
aspects, learn from direct experience. interested in
language as communication. enjoy games and group work
in class.
Communicative learner: language use oriented. They are
confortable out of class, confidence, take risks.
interested in social interaction, analysis of how the
language works. happy without the guidance of a
teacher.
Neuro-linguistic programming
Modality (VAK)
Multiple Intelligence theory
V = VISUAL(LOOK & SEE)
A = AUDITORY(LISTEN & HEAR)
K = KINESTHETIC (FEEL INTERNAL, EXTERNAL,MOVEMENT)
O = OLFACTORY (SMELL)
G = GUSTATORY (TASTE)
Verbal/Linguistic
they can study language well
Strengths : speaking, writing, memorizing
Mathematical/Logical
they can think in logical way
Strengths : logic, easy to learn grammar
Visual/Spatial
think in picture and image
Strengths: drawing, visualization
Bodily/Kinesthetic
The ability to control body
Strengths : dancing, acting
Musical
think in rhythm, melody.
Strengths: singing, picking sound
Interpersonal
They can communicate well with another one
strengths : leading, organizing, sharing.
Intrapersonal
they understand about themselves
strengths : setting goal, introspection
Naturalistic
they like nature and think about nature
strengths: understanding nature, classify flora
We study modality
There are three modality
and the last
VISUAL learn through my eyes, yes!
Through my ears, AUDITORY
And the last KINESTHETIC, I study
through my body
Visual
auditorykinesthetic
Visual learners prefer to learn by SEEING
They have good visual recall and prefer
information to be presented visually,
Diagrams Graphs
Maps
PostersDisplays
in the form of
Auditory learners prefer to learn by LISTENING They have good auditory memory and benefit from
DISCUSSION
LECTURES
INTERVIEWING
HEARING
STORIES
AUDIO
TAPES
Kinesthetic learners prefer to learn by
DOING. They are good at recalling events
and associate feelings or physical
experiences with memory.
They enjoy :
physical activity
Field trips
Manipulating objects & other practical
first-hand experience
Difficult to keep still
Need regular breaks
Motivation is some kind of internal drive
which pushes someone to do things in order
to achieve something.
There are two kind of motivation,
Extrinsic motivation: is caused by any number
of outside factors, for example, the need to
pass the exam, the hope of financial reward,
or the possibility of future travel.
Intrinsic motivation: comes from within the
individual. Thus a person might be motivated
by the enjoyment of the learning process
itself or by a desire to make themselves feel
better.
As the candidate of
teacher, how can you
use this information
in your teaching
learning process
someday?
Let’s say
hamdalah
together