Learning through making

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The use of anatomical model building in undergraduate anatomy education

Dr Conrad LeeProfessor Darrell EvansDr Mya KalayaDr Sophie Rintoul-Hoad

How do students learn anatomy?

See

Hear

Do

Understanding anatomy requires an ability to mentally visualise the body in three dimensions…

- Lufler et al 2012

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CADAVERIC DISSECTION - A “de-constructive” approach

The “Re-constructive” approach

The “Re-constructive” approach

Can you put me back together?

Reconstruction of a dissection in plasticine or wax is an even better way of impressing on the mind the disposition of the various structures…

and though it takes a good deal of time, it leads to thorough knowledge and

self-confidence…

Dr Robert LockHart - Lancet 1927

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ANATOMICAL MODELS

LOW FIDELITY ANATOMICAL MODELS

AIMS

• How students perceive this method for learning anatomy?

• Can it be an useful adjunct to traditional anatomy teaching?

METHOD• “Creative anatomy” SSC

• 12 second year students

• Model making– under tutor guidance– invented by students

• Focus group discussions / questionnaires

• Data analysed with grounded theory approach

Creative outlook and enjoyment

3D visualisation and tactile

learning

Problem solving to reinforce knowledge

Models as teaching and revision tools

SURFACED THEMES

• Fun and enjoyability creates an engaging learning environment

• From “child’s play” to creative educational process

Creative outlook and enjoyment

3D visualisation and tactile

learning

Problem solving to reinforce knowledge

Models as teaching and revision tools

Creative outlook and enjoyment

3D visualisation and tactile

learning

Problem solving to reinforce knowledge

Models as teaching and revision tools

• Translating descriptive text / 2D diagrams into a solid 3D object

• Logical approaches to reconstruct anatomy• Reinforced learning with reference materials • “logical process” to understanding anatomy

Creative outlook and enjoyment

3D visualisation and tactile

learning

Problem solving to reinforce knowledge

Models as teaching and revision tools

• Affordable learning / teaching aid • Teaching reinforces understanding

Creative outlook and enjoyment

3D visualisation and tactile

learning

Problem solving to reinforce knowledge

Models as teaching and revision tools

Conclusion

• Low fidelity anatomical model building:

– A hands-on reconstructive approach

– 3D visualisation

– stimulates curiosity, creativity, and problem solving

– Useful adjunct to traditional methods of teaching

References• Sugand K, Abrahams P, Khurana A. The

anatomy of anatomy: A review for its modernization. Anatomical Sciences Education. 2010;3(2):83-93.

• Chan LK, Cheng MM. An analysis of the educational value of low-fidelity anatomy models as external representations. Anat Sci Educ.2011 Sep-Oct;4(5):256-63. doi(2011 Jul 8):10.1002/ase.239.

• Oh CS, Kim JY, Choe YH. Learning of cross-sectional anatomy using clay models. Anat Sci Educ. 2009;2(4):156-9.

THANK YOU

LEAR

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Dr Conrad Lee @ckwl1All images usage labelled for reuse with modification