LEATHER TYPES AND USES

PRESENTED BY RISHABH KUMAR TRIPATHI

PS RAMSUBRAMANIA RAJA

POOJA VERMA

PALASH SAIKIA

INTRODUCTION Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the

tanning of animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry

TYPES OF LEATHER Full-grain leather refers to the leather which has not had the upper

"top grain" and "split" layers separated

Top-grain leather is the second-highest quality and has had the "split" layer separated away, making it thinner and more pliable than full grain

Corrected-grain leather is any leather that has had an artificial grain applied to its surface

Split leather is leather created from the fibrous part of the hide left once the top-grain of the rawhide has been separated from the hide

Less-common leathers Buckskin or brained leather is manufactured by tanning process that

uses animal brains or other fatty materials to alter the leather Patent leather is leather that has been given a high-gloss finish Shagreen leather is used in furniture production date as far back as the

art deco period Vachetta leather is used in the trimmings of luggage and handbags.The

leather is left untreated and is therefore susceptible to water and stains Slink leather is made from the skin of unborn calves. This is soft and

so used in making gloves. Deerskin is a tough leather, possibly due to the animal's adaptations to

the its thorny and thicket-filled habitats Nubuck is top-grain cattle hide leather that has been

sanded or buffed on the grain side, or outside, to give a slight nap of short protein fibers, producing a velvet-like surface.

Leather used in specialty products, such as briefcases, wallets, and luggage

Belting leather is a full-grain leather that was originally used in driving pulley belts and other machinery. It is found on the surface of briefcases, portfolios, and wallets, and can be identified by its thick, firm feel and smooth finish. Belting leather is generally a heavy-weight of full-grain, vegetable-tanned leather.

Nappa leather, or Napa leather, is chrome-tanned and is soft and supple. It is commonly found in wallets, toiletry kits, and other personal leather goods.

TYPES ON THE BASIS OF FINISHES Aniline leather, a leather treated with aniline as a dye Artificial leather, a fabric of finish intended to substitute for leather Bicast leather, a synthetic upholstery product Boiled leather, a historical construction material Bonded Leather, man-made material composed of leather fibers Chamois leather, leather made from the skin of the mountain antelope or

Chamois Composition leather, man-made leather made from recycled leather off

cuts, trimmings or shavings Corinthian leather, a marketing term used by Chrysler in the 1970s Crocodile leather, leather from a saltwater crocodile Morocco leather, a type of goatskin dyed red Nappa leather, a full-grain leather Ostrich leather, leather from an ostrich Patent leather, leather with a high gloss and shiny finish Poromeric imitation leather, a group of synthetic leather substitutes

FORMS OF LEATHER

Vegetable-tanned leather is tanned using tannin and other ingredients found in vegetable matter, tree bark, and other such sources

Chrome-tanned leather is tanned using chromium sulfate and other salts of chromium. It is more supple and pliable than vegetable-tanned leather, and does not discolor or lose shape as drastically in water as vegetable-tanned

Aldehyde-tanned leather is tanned using glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine compounds. This is the leather that most tanners refer to as wet-white leather due to its pale cream or white color

Brain tanned leathers are made by a labor-intensive process which uses emulsified oils, often those of animal brains

Synthetic-tanned leather is tanned using aromatic polymers such as the Novolac or Neradol types

Cont……… Alum-tawed leather is transformed using aluminium

salt mixed with a variety of binders and protein sources, such as flour and egg yolk

Rawhide is made by scraping the skin thin, soaking it in lime, and then stretching it while it dries

LEATHER PRODUCTION PROCESSES

The leather manufacturing process is divided into three sub-processes:

Preparatory stages Tanning Crusting surface coating

Environmental impact

Addition to the environmental impacts of leather, the production processes have a high environmental impact, most notably due to:

The heavy use of polluting chemicals in the tanning process

Air pollution due to the transformation process (hydrogen sulfide during dehairing and ammonia during deliming, solvent vapours).

LEATHER PRODUCTS

Leather Shoes  Leather Garments and BlazersLeather Wallet Leather BeltsLeather HandbagsPhone CasesLeather Laptop BagsTravel Cases

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