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External Structures Petiole – structure that
attached leaf to stem Blade – thin, flat area of leaf;
different sizes, shapes & arrangement
Mid rib – main vein Leaf margin – edge of leaf
Flowering Plants have:Monocot Dicot
FlowersMultiples of 3 Multiples of 4 or 5
1
23
4
5
6
23 4
5
6
7
18
6
Flowers Composed of modified leaves
Sepals – usually green; enclose bud Petals – brightly colored; just inside sepals Stamen – male reproductive organ
Filament - stalkAnther – produces pollen (male gamete)
Carpel (pistil) – female reproductive organ Stigma- sticky; pollen attaches hereStyle – narrow stalkOvary – contains ovules
Plant ReproductionPlants can reproduce asexually by
vegetative propagation.
Stems
PlantletsRoots
Stems, plantlets and roots can become a new plant.
Plant ReproductionPlants can reproduce asexually by
plant propagation.
CuttingsGrafting & Budding
A “cut” from a plant cangrow roots when put in soil. Two plants are attached
to form one plant.
Angiosperm Life Cycle Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther
to stigma of carpel Often dependent on pollinators Pollen grows a tube through which
sperm nuclei travel Fertilization –
sperm nuclei fuse with ovule inside produce a seed Ovary ripens into a fruit
Fruits – ripened ovary ; type determined by structure of ovary and ovules Dry
Nuts Fleshy
Drupes - apple Pomes - peach Berries Hesperidium - orange Pepo - cucumber Aggregate - raspberry
Seed Germination Timing controlled by climate (moisture,
temperature, etc.) Endosperm (food source) swells with
moisture and cracks open seed coat Root emerges first Cotyledons emerge second
Monocot – one seed leaf Dicot – two seed leaves
Plant Growth Controlled by hormones (auxins) Cause “tropisms”
Gravitropism Thigmotropism phototropism