1. Private Practice Help DVM with history, protocol development, continuallylearn about developments in proper care/husbandry Help client understand how to appropriately care for pets Zoo Medicine Wildlife rehabilitation

2. Help client decide on appropriate animal for lifestyle Encourage conservation of species Encourage purchase of captive raised instead of wildcaught animals Be a source of correct information on husbandry Housing cage size, substrate to use, location inhouse, temperature/humidity Diet what and how much Gather history for DVM Keep up on advances by attending CE Help clinic develop protocols for exotic animals venomous spp., large cats, primates, illegal spp. 3. http://www.baxterboo.com/catdogblog/post.cfm/it-s-national-pet-week http://drkreger.com/index.php?page=Reptiles 4. DomesticNon-Domestic Lived with humans for Reverts to wild easilymany generations Faster reaction time Docile Stress more easily Non-territorial More powerful for size confinement Tolerance Specific dietary needs Disease Resistant Adaptable diet 5. In the wild, animals do not have the luxury of acting sick when ill. Educate owners* Watch for subtle signs* Fine yesterday sick today = dying 6. Any of various cold-blooded, usually egg-laying vertebrates of the class Reptilia, such as a snake, lizard, crocodile, turtle, or dinosaur, having an external covering of scales or horny plates and breathing by means of lungs. 7. A cold-blooded vertebrate animal of a class(Amphibia) that comprises the frogs, toads, newts,and salamanders, distinguished by having an aquaticgill-breathing larval stage followed (typically) by aterrestrial lung-breathing adult stage. 8. The branch of zoology dealing with amphibians and reptiles, based on Greek herpeton, "creeping thing." 9. Ectothermic rely on surroundings to regulate bodytemperature Mouth & skin have lots of bacteria particularly gram negative bacteria Salmonella, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas MycobacteriumALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER HANDLING!!! 10. No Diaphragm intercostal muscles used to breatheThree chambered heart 2 atria, 1 ventricleReproductive organsFemales intracoelmic paired ovaries, no true uterusMales intracoelmic paired testes, paired hemipenes 11. Cloaca common opening of digestive, urinary & genital tracts RenalPortal System blood from hind limbs filtered by kidneys before reaching the general circulation Excreteuric acid as main waste product of protein metabolism 12. Scales Lizards shed skin in patches (may eat it, normal) Snakes shed skin in single piece Femoral pores Secretory gland on inside thighs of some lizards releasepheromones to attract mates or mark territory 13. Vomeronasal organ (Jacobsons organ) Present in many lizards, snakes Located in the dorsal oral cavity, but not continuous withthe nasal cavity, innervated by a separate branch of theolfactory nerve Scent particles are collected on the tongue (tongueflicking), transferred to sensory cells Helps to track/detect prey, detect mates, detect enemies 14. Know for each species: Anatomy and physiology Expected response to stress Weapons of defense Ways to restrain safelyFast, agile and strong animals! NEED COMPETENT HANDLING TECHNIQUES 15. Four feet with claws SCRATCH YOU (lizards, turtles) Mouthwith teeth, strong jaws BITE YOU (lizards, turtles, snakes) Tail (lizards) BRUISE/DAMAGE YOU particularly dangerous if lizard is >3ft long iguanas, monitors 16. 1. Defensive behaviour in an anole (Copyright RVC)2. Coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum) aftersquirting blood from its eye to protect itself. (Zylorian, Wikimedia Commons)http://en.wikivet.net/Lizard_Behaviour 17. Lossor release of the tail @ transverse cleavage plates Iguanas,geckos, some skinks have tail autonomy Chameleons, monitors do not have tail autonomy Allowsanimal to get away from danger 18. Need to know: Appropriate diet / nutrition Appropriate housing Cage size, dimensions Arboreal species do better with more vertical space in cage Lighting needs Heat / temperature needs Correct humidity for species Appropriate environment Communal or best alone?, diurnal or nocturnal (helpdetermine when best to handle), hibernate? 19. Feeding correct diet Keeping housing CLEAN Providingcorrect environment Temperature Humidity Light 20. Not social 2 lizards laying together DOES NOT = relationship DOES = need for heat or tolerance Highly territorial, sometimes violent Beware that subordinate lizard (smaller, weaker)may be kept away from heat, food chronicstress, ill health, starvation More aggressive during breeding season 21. Secure! Escape proof! Good ventilation & CLEAN! Plexiglass, acrylic, glass Enclosure should be 2-3 times adult length Also needs to be large enough for climbing Provide climbing branches, water pool, heat rock Substrate: Astroturf, news or butcher paper.Avoid sand, gravel, cat litter, shells, woodshavings (cedar shavings are toxic) 22. Fullspectrum light! direct sunlight, UV-B orFS-type fluorescent sunlamp Keep 18-24 away (artificial light) Heat Radiant best, be careful of thermal burns with rocks/logs Thermo-neutral zone 75-100 degrees F Humidity varies with species Most desert sp