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Lección Preliminar Repaso de Español 1
Lección Preliminar
Repaso de Español 1
Los básicosSpanish 1 gave you all of the building blocks to be successful for Spanish 2. We are going to review most of the key concepts.
What did we learn in Spanish I?
Greetings/farewells
Telling time
Countries/capitals
Where you are from
The alphabet
Numbers 1-10
If you don’t remeber some of these, go back and review old notes and/or look through an old Spanish 1 book. (We will not spend time reviewing these topics…)
What we will cover…Articles
Subject pronouns + ser
Adjective + noun agreement
Tener
Gustar
Ir (to go)
Ser vs. Estar
Present tense
Regular vs. Irregular verbs
Completely irregularYo/Go verbs Boot verbs
Let’s Get Started…
ArticlesDefinite (Specific)
El La
Los Las
Indefinite(non-specific)
Un Una
Unos unas
THE A, AN, SOME
Examples:Definite
El libro = the book
Los chicos = the boys
La falda = the skirt
Las chaquetas = the jackets
Indefinite
Un libro = a book
Unos chicos = some boys
Una falda = a skirt
Unas chaquetas = some jackets
Una manzana = an apple
Subject Pronouns + SerSubject Pronouns
Singular pluralI We
You Ya’llHe/she/it
(You formal)they
(You all formal)
Ser
Singular Plural
Am AreAre AreIs
(are)are
What do they mean in English?
Subject Pronouns + Ser (In Spanish)
Subject Pronouns
Singular pluralYo NosotrosTú Vosotros
Él, Ella, Usted
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes
Ser
Singular Plural
Soy SomosEres SoisEs Son
*Remember: there is not a subject pronoun for “it”
Remember…Most Latin Americans do not use the “Vosotros” form (This form is from Spain)If they want to use the “you all” form, they usually use the “ustedes” form (whether it is familiar or formal)
ExamplesNow just combine them to make logical sentences…
Yo soy la maestra.Ellos son estudiantes.
Nosotros somos trabajadores.
Adjective + noun agreement
Adjectives usually come after the noun it describesAdjectives must match their nouns in both
Gender Number
ExamplesMaría wears yellow shoes. =
María lleva los zapatos amarillos.
*Amarillo = amarillos because it describes the shoes, not María.
*(don’t forget that the article must agree as well)
Now you can combine Names, pronouns, ser and adjectives to describe people…
La chica se llama María. Ella es de California. Ella es alta y cómica y lleva los zapatos amarillos. También, lleva un vestido rojo.
Note:As you read more advanced Spanish, you will notice that the adjective sometimes come before the noun…
Reinforcing adjectives (in literature…la oscura noche)Non-descriptive adjectives (ie. Muchos, pocos…)Meaning – changing (buen amigo… viejo amigo…)
Tener (To have)There are 3 reasons to use “tener”
To talk about what you have/possess To express ageTo talk about “What you have to do…”
Tener (cont.)Tengo TenemosTienes TenéisTiene Tienen
ExamplesYo tengo dos amigos. (possession)Los chicos tienen diez años. (age)Nosotros tenemos que estudiar. (what we have to do.) Tener + que + infinitive
Gustar (to like)You must treat gustar differently!!!You can’t conjugate it like normal…
You will use gusta or gustan (in the present tense)You must use “gustar” pronounsYou have to use the “personal A” with the person who is doing the “liking”
Subjects
A mí A Nosotros
A ti A Vosotros
A Él A Ella A Usted
A EllosA Ellas
A Ustedes
Gustar Pronouns
Me NosTe OsLe Les
2 Ways to use gustarWith Verbs
Gusta +
the infinitive
With nouns
Gusta + singular nouns
Gustan + plural nouns
ExamplesA mí me gusta bailar.A Carlos le gustan las uvas. A Sofía y a mí nos gusta cantar. A los chicos les gusta hablar por teléfono.
Ir (to go)2 ways to use “ir”
To tell where you are going (ir + a + place)To tell what you are going to do (ir + a + infinitive)
The conjugationVoy Vamos
Vas Vais
Va van
Examples: Ir + a + place
Voy a la cafetería.Vamos a la playa.Marco y Basilio van al parque.
Examples: Ir + a + infinitive
Vamos a bailar.Voy a cantar.La chica va a pasar un rato con los amigos.
Ser vs. EstarThey both mean
TO BE
The conjugations…SER
Soy SomosEres Sois
Es Son
ESTAR
Estoy EstamosEstás EstáisEstá Están
The differenceSer
(more permanent)Profession
Where you are from
To describe people or places
Time
Estar(less permanent)Emotions
Conditions
Location
Current actions
The Present TenseTo talk about things in the present!
The verb endings…-ar
- o - amos
- as - áis
- a - an
-er
- o - emos
- es - éis
- e - en
-ir
- o - imos
- es - ís
- e - en
Sample Verbs- Ar - Er - ir
Bailar Comer VivirCantar Correr AbrirPasar leer Escribirllegar Atender recibir
comprar creer asistir
ExamplesYo canto todos los días. Carla baila en el club los sabados. Mario lee sus libros en la biblioteca. Nosotros vivimos en una casa grande.
Don’t forget to use adverbs to enhance your sentences.
AdverbsSiempre, rara vez, nunca (before the verb)Mucho, poco (after the verb)Todos los dias, de vez en cuando, a veces (before or after the sentence/independent clause)
Irregular verbs in the present tense
4 typesCompletely irregular
Yo VerbsGo Verbs
Boot verbs
Completely irregular
Ser Ir
Verbs that are irregular in all forms!!
X X
X XX X
Yo VerbsVerbs that are irregular in
only the “yo” form
Dar (to give)
Estar (to be)
Conocer (to know someone)
Saber (to know something)
Conducir (to drive)
Traducir (to translate)
Ver (to see)
X
Go Verbs are irregular in only the “yo” form & end in - go
Hacer (to do/make)Salir (to leave)Poner (to put/place)Traer (to bring)Caer (to fall)
X(end in –go)
Boot VerbsWe will cover these verbs in the next lesson!!
Foldable TimeWe are going to make a booklet…
