Nonvascular Plants (“Bryophytes”)– Hepaticophyta (Liverworts)– Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)– Bryophyta (Mosses)
Seedless Vascular Plants– Lycophyta (Lycophytes, or Club Mosses)– Psilotophyta (Whisk Ferns)– Sphenophyta (or Equisetophyta) (Horsetails)– Pteridophyta (Ferns)
Seed Plants– Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes)– Cycadophyta (Cycads)– Ginkgophyta (Ginkgoes)– Coniferophyta (Conifers)– Anthophyta (Angiosperms)
Aglaophyton
OstrichFerns
Fern sori
Fern sporangia
FernSporophyte
Gametophyte
Sporophyteroot
Carboniferous forest
Increased dominance of the sporophyte
From ovule to seed
Giant sequoia
Pollen cone
microsporangia
pollen
Pollen grain
Ovule
Female gametophyte
Archegonia
Micropyle opening
Megasporangiumwall
Growing pollen tube
ArchegoniaEggs
Megasporangiumwall
1) Which of the following was not a problem for the first land plants:A) sources of waterB) sperm transferC) desiccationD) animal predationE) gravity
2) Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics except:A) multicellularityB) specialized cells and tissuesC) well-developed vascular tissueD) a protected, stationary egg cellE) a reduced, dependent sporophyte
3) All Protists are alike in that they are:A) autotrophicB) heterotrophicC) unicellularD) eukaryoticE) flagellated
4) Members of the green algae often differ from members of the land plants in that some green algae:A) are heterotrophsB) are unicellularC) have chlorophyll aD) store carbohydrates as starchE) have cellulose cell walls
5) Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant life cycle? A) fern
B) moss C) liverwort
D) gymnospermE) hornwort