8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

1/22

Energy Demand and Supply

Dr. M. Subramanian

Associate Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering

Kalavakkam 603 110, Kanchipuram (Dist)

Tamil Nadu, India

subramanianm@ssn.edu.in

03-Jan-2011

CH2356 Energy Engineering

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

2/22

Contents

Energy consumption pattern

Electricity demand and supply

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

3/22

Rate of world energy usage in terawatts (TW)

(1965-2005)

Global energy consumption rate (2006): 16 TW03-July-2009 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

4/22

Fossil Fuel Depletion

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

5/22

Energy Consumption Per capita (GNP) (2004)

India: 0.7 kW; Bangladesh: 0.2 kW (least)

The US consumes 25% of the world's energy (with a share of the world population

at 5%).03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

6/22

Oil consumption per capita

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, July 2009

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

7/22

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, July 200903-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

8/22

Oil Price Variation

3rd January 2011

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

9/22

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

10/22

Energy Use by Sector

27%Energy losses in generation and transmission

5%Commercial uses (lighting, heating andcooling of commercial buildings, and provisionof water and sewer services)

11%Residential heating, lighting, and appliances

20%Personal and commercial transportation

37%Industry (agriculture, mining, manufacturing,and construction)

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

11/22

Electricity

A typical generators output of electricity is only 25-35% ofthe energy input to produce steam

About 5 10% of the energy content of electricity is lost intransmission and distribution

Heating water in a tea-kettle using electricity takes three tofour times the amount of energy required than heating thewater directly by flame. Heating is not a good use ofelectricity. A better use is providing lighting and runningappliances.

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

12/22

Electricity Consumption

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

13/22

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

14/22

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

15/22

Energy type dedicated to electricity(2004)

Electricity generation consumes all nuclear and hydro sources, nearly all

renewables, about two-thirds of coal, and a little under 40% of natural gas

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

16/22

Worlds Electricity Generation (2002)

US generated 24% of Worlds electricity generation

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

17/22

Rate of total energy consumption (in 2004): 420 GW

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

18/22

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

19/22

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

20/22

1,50,323.41Total

13.524,987.75Private Sector

34.049,580.99Central Sector

52.576,504.67State Sector%ageMWSector

Total Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation in India

(As on July 31, 2009 , Source CEA)

1,51,073.41Total

7.713,242.41Renewable EnergySources (MNRE)

2.94,120.00Nuclear

24.736,916.76Hydro (Renewable)

0.91,199.75Oil

10.516,385.61Gas53.379,208.88Coal

64.696,794.24Total Thermal

%ageMWFuel

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

21/22

Demand and Supply of Electricity in India

11689.0774.32008-09

9.9666.0739.32007-08

9.6624.5690.62006-07

8.4578.8631.62005-06

7.3548.1591.42004-05

7.1519.4559.32003-04

8.8497.6545.72002-03

% ShortageAvailabilityRequirement

ENERGY (Billion Units)Year

By 2031-32, the power generation capacity must increase to nearly800 GW from the current capacity of 151 GW.

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian

8/3/2019 Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply

22/22

Rural Electrification Status

World:

It is estimated that more than 1/4th of the worlds population,

amounting about 1.5 billions of people around the world, still lackaccess to electric energy. About 85% of these populations live inrural areas, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

India:

As of 2005, about 380 million of people living in 71.7 millionhouseholds do not have access to electricity

As on March 2004, the electrification was at 80.84%; and this has

improved only to 83.8% by March 2009

03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian